The idea of mathematical induction is widely used in primary school mathematics teaching, which mainly refers to finding the essential relationship between topics and summarizing the general methods to solve mathematical problems through observation and analysis of topics in mathematics learning. Mathematical inductive thinking is an important method in primary school mathematics teaching, which can help students improve their level of solving mathematical problems and improve their ability of induction, summary, generalization and reasoning. Therefore, teachers should attach importance to the application value of mathematical induction thought in primary school mathematics teaching, strengthen the expansion of students' mathematical thinking, provide students with distinctive mathematical topics, and exercise and improve students' mathematical induction ability.