1. Experimental study: By comparing the experimental group and the control group, controlling other variables, a causal relationship is verified.
2. Investigation: Collect a large amount of data through questionnaires or interviews and make statistical analysis to understand the characteristics, attitudes and behaviors of this group.
3. Observation and research: By observing phenomena, recording data and making statistical analysis, we can understand the behavior and interaction of groups.
4. Statistical analysis: Through the mathematical statistical analysis of the data, find out the relationship and laws between the data, thus improving the credibility and persuasiveness of the data.
5. Case study: By studying cases or events, we can understand the relevant factors and characteristics behind them, so as to further understand the situation of the whole group or society.
Directional research definition:
1, "Directional research" usually refers to the study of a specific problem or goal, which can be solved or achieved through targeted selection of research objects, data collection methods and analysis methods.
2. Different from extensive exploratory research, directional research pays more attention to in-depth analysis and solution of problems, and needs to make clear research plans and objectives in advance. Directional research can adopt quantitative or qualitative research methods, depending on the problems and objectives involved.