catalogue
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?
brief introduction
Calling on the society to pay attention to obsessive-compulsive disorder: the true feelings of an obsessive-compulsive disorder patient
Clinical classification
Symptomatic obsessive-compulsive disorder tendency test:
Course of disease and prognosis:
Crowd characteristics
Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder depression
Etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
First, observation learning hypothesis.
Second, the system family hypothesis.
Thirdly, Rahman-Hodgson hypothesis.
Fourth, psychoanalytic theory.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conditioned reflex
6. Pre-illness personality plays an important role in the etiology of this disease.
Seven, social and psychological factors are important inducing factors of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Eight, heredity may play a role in the occurrence of this disease.
Nine, biochemical research
pathogenesis
Diagnostic basis
differential diagnosis
Therapeutic psychotherapy
medicine
Traditional therapy in China
Several points in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Matters needing attention in drug treatment
Psychosurgical treatment
behavior therapy
Understanding of obsessive-compulsive disorder in traditional Chinese medicine
Common methods for treating patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
prevent
Key points of consultation: (1) Understand the etiology and pathogenesis.
(2) Love
The patient's life experience
Obsessive-compulsive disorder related books 1, Overcome yourself-Morita therapy and nature.
2, mind antivirus 2.0-Freud's mystery
3, out of obsessive-compulsive disorder-looking for a better day.
How to nurse obsessive-compulsive disorder
Definition of occupational obsessive-compulsive disorder
harm
treat cordially
Exercise prevention
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?
brief introduction
Calling on the society to pay attention to obsessive-compulsive disorder: the true feelings of an obsessive-compulsive disorder patient
Clinical classification
Symptomatic obsessive-compulsive disorder tendency test:
Course of disease and prognosis:
Crowd characteristics
Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder depression
Etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
First, observation learning hypothesis.
Second, the system family hypothesis.
Thirdly, Rahman-Hodgson hypothesis.
Fourth, psychoanalytic theory.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conditioned reflex
6. Pre-illness personality plays an important role in the etiology of this disease.
Seven, social and psychological factors are important inducing factors of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Eight, heredity may play a role in the occurrence of this disease.
Nine, biochemical research
Etiological diagnosis
Diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment
Psychotherapy, drug therapy, TCM treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, several points for attention in drug therapy, psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, TCM understanding of obsessive-compulsive disorder, common methods for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, prevention and consultation points;
(1) Understand the etiology and pathogenesis; (2) Care about patients' life experiences.
1, Overcome yourself-Morita therapy and nature 2, mind antivirus 2.0- Freud's confusion 3, get out of obsessive-compulsive disorder-find a beautiful day how to care for occupational obsessive-compulsive disorder
Define injury treatment, exercise prevention and edit this paragraph. What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, also known as obsessive-compulsive neurosis, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, is a neurosis with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which is manifested as conscious self-compulsion and anti-compulsion. The intense conflict between them makes patients feel anxious and painful. The main clinical manifestations are compulsive concept, compulsive intention and compulsive action.
Edit the introduction of this paragraph.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by obsessive-compulsive ideas and behaviors.
A little neurotic. Characterized by the coexistence of conscious self-compulsion and conscious self-counter-compulsion, patients know that the persistence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms is meaningless and unreasonable, but they can't inhibit recurrence. The more they try to resist, the more nervous and painful they feel. Ritual movements can be the main manifestation of patients with prolonged course of disease. Although their mental pain has been obviously alleviated, their social function has been seriously damaged. It is generally believed that one in every 50 people suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder. For example, the number of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Britain exceeds 1 10,000, and the prevalence rate of adolescents is very high. It is generally believed that adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder can be recovered before adulthood. The incidence rate reported abroad is 2%, and some psychologists believe that the incidence rate is at least 10%, and there is no significant difference in gender distribution. With the development of society, if a person faces the computer alone for a long time, it is easy to see the seeds of obsessive-compulsive disorder in some small things. Prevention of obsessive-compulsive disorder requires adequate sleep, proper exercise and frequent participation in group social activities. Children's obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a kind of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is an idea, emotion or behavior that you know is unnecessary but can't get rid of. In childhood, there are more compulsive behaviors than compulsive ideas, and the younger you are, the more obvious this tendency is. This disease is common in children aged 10- 12, and most of them have normal intelligence. Obsessive-compulsive disorder may also be related to anal retention. The obsessive-compulsive thinking of adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder is clearer, more complicated and deeper than that of teenagers. When compulsive thinking is just budding, we should pay attention to and treat it as soon as possible, and generally we can get rid of it and return to normal quickly. But if they don't get the understanding and support from relatives and friends at first, and are rejected and hurt by relatives and friends, most patients will feel that they have nothing, feel lonely, stay away from society, hate themselves and have a bad temper. This kind of out-of-control associative compulsive thinking, as well as the loss over time under various pressures, will further deepen and complicate, make the illness more and more serious, and thus produce more ancillary mental diseases, such as depression. If some patients can't change themselves for a long time, under the multiple pressures of self-compulsion, family and society, there may be very serious venting consequences, such as domestic violence, revenge on society or suicide, because obsessive-compulsive disorder is forced to some extent. I may think that death is the only relief. There are not a few suicides caused by obsessive-compulsive disorder in the world within one year. In recent years, Dr. Peng, a domestic psychologist, found that "love" is also the seed of obsessive-compulsive disorder. For example, some people, in order to protect their families, such as lovely children, gradually develop compulsive cleanliness in their daily lives and spoil their children, so as not to let their baby's children touch the dirty things that the outside world thinks are toxic or have bacteria, and they should have a big wash every time they go home. Mobile phones should also be wiped with a damp cloth until they are at ease. Serious enough to wash all the money. I didn't bring any dirty things home, or I got them indirectly on my children. This kind of obsessive-compulsive disorder patient is a modern super-caring and super-careful type. He had an in-depth association study on dirty things, and his protection for his family was extremely tense. He can exchange his life for the safety of his family, but most of this forced pain is beyond his family's understanding. Some thoughts and behaviors of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder are unnecessary and ridiculous to ordinary people. I hope more normal people put themselves in the patient's shoes. No one wants to force themselves to do things they don't want to do or think about. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a stubborn mental illness, which needs the care and support of family and society. Severe patients may need more than one year of treatment, during which their will will collapse at any time, they will have distrust of treatment and their condition will recur. Obsessive-compulsive biologist Darwin and British star David Beckham both suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder. For more intuitive symptoms, you can look at the role played by Nicolas Cage in the American movie stick figure and Marvin Judel played by Jack Nicholson in Getting Better. Howard hughes was played by Leonardo in Voyager.
Edit this paragraph to appeal to the society to pay attention to obsessive-compulsive disorder
It is difficult for people who have not suffered from this disease to understand this pain. On average, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder receive treatment seven years after onset. The pain of patients themselves, coupled with social incomprehension, has seriously affected their social functions! Let them despair! It can be said that this mental illness is more painful than any physical illness! And society pays little attention to this group! I hereby appeal to the society to pay attention to mental diseases such as obsessive-compulsive disorder!
Attachment: the true feelings of an obsessive-compulsive disorder patient
If what hurts the most in life, when you find that no one can help you, when you can't see hope, the so-called darkness sometimes feels like a devil. Maybe this is hell. It's not that I'm not strong No one has seen my pain. I am stronger than anyone. A person has suffered pain that others can't bear for a lifetime. See a lot of things, beautiful things, leaving you. I feel that I have fallen into another world! My life is really ruined. Everything is not that I don't want to do well. If it weren't for this disease, I would do better than anyone else. No one understands my strength! I owe my parents and people I love so much. If there is a next life, I really want to live a good life with you and treat you well! For more than ten years, I have been suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder day and night, living without dignity and personality. Now, my classmates and friends have their own lives, and I am still at home all day like a loser. Who will compensate for my lost youth, and what should I compensate? Looking at my parents, I am tired day and night, but I let them down again and again. My heart hurts more than anyone else! I ruined my original beautiful life, and I want to cherish it. This life is really hard, a poor guy crouching in the dark! I can't imagine what it would be like without OCD. I envy everyone's health. The most painful thing in life is to lose hope! That's hell!
Edit the clinical classification of this paragraph.
There are many kinds of symptoms, which can appear alone for a certain symptom or exist simultaneously for several symptoms. The content of symptoms can be relatively fixed for a period of time, or it can change continuously with the passage of time. First, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
It's just that some associations, ideas, memories or doubts are stubbornly repeated and difficult to control. (1) Forced association: Repeated association will lead to a series of unfortunate events. Although you know it is impossible, you can't restrain it, which will cause emotional tension and fear. (2) Forced recollection: Repeatedly recalling unimportant things that have been done, although knowing that it is meaningless, can't be restrained and needs repeated recollection. Special case; Songs appear repeatedly in the brain, and songs can even be adjusted, which can change with the songs of the outside world, affecting attention and mental state. (3) Forced doubt: If you have unnecessary doubts about whether your actions are correct, you should check them again and again. If you doubt whether the doors and windows are really closed after going out, go back and check them several times. Otherwise, I will feel anxious. (4) Compulsive fatigue: thinking repeatedly about natural phenomena or events in daily life, knowing that it is meaningless, but unable to restrain it, such as thinking repeatedly: "Why does the house face south instead of north?" (5) Forced opposing thinking: Two opposing words or concepts appear repeatedly in my mind, making me feel distressed and nervous. If I think of "support", I immediately appear "opposition"; When it comes to "good guys", I think of "bad guys" and so on. (6) Forced thinking: During the course of the disease, some thoughts, impulsive thoughts or imaginations will repeatedly or continuously intrude into the mind inappropriately, thus causing obvious anxiety or pain. Second, forced action (a) forced washing: washing hands or objects repeatedly, I can't get rid of the "dirty feeling" in my heart, knowing that I washed it, but I can't do it myself or not. (2) Compulsory inspection: it usually appears at the same time as compulsory suspicion. Patients feel uneasy about what they know, and check repeatedly, such as checking locked doors and windows, checking written bills, letters or manuscripts, etc. (3) Forced counting: count steps and telephone poles uncontrollably, and do an action for a certain number of times, otherwise, if you feel uneasy, you must count again. (4) Forced ritual actions: Before daily activities, do a set of actions with certain procedures, such as taking off your shoes according to certain procedures before going to bed and placing them according to fixed rules, otherwise you will feel uneasy, then put on your clothes and shoes again and take them off according to procedures. Third, forced intention In some cases, patients will have an idea that is contrary to the situation at that time, but they can't control the appearance of this intention, which is very distressing. For example, when the mother walked to the river with her child in her arms, she suddenly had the idea of throwing her child into the river. Although there was no corresponding action, the patient was very nervous and scared. Fourth, the specific expression of obsessive-compulsive emotion is mainly obsessive-compulsive fear. This kind of fear is the fear of losing control of one's emotions, such as fear that one will go crazy, do things that violate laws or social norms, and even endanger the world, instead of the fear of special objects and special situations like phobia patients.
Edit this symptom
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
When one or more of the following symptoms persist and affect normal life, treatment should be considered: they are often sensitive to germs and various diseases, so there is no need to worry; Wash your hands frequently and repeatedly for a long time, which is more than normal; Sometimes the same words will be repeated several times for no reason; I feel that dressing, cleaning, eating and walking should follow a special order; It is often unnecessary to do certain things repeatedly, such as checking doors and windows, switches, gas, money, documents, forms, letters, etc. Doubt most things you do; Often unconsciously think of some unpleasant memories or ideas, people can not get rid of; I often think that my small mistakes and misunderstandings have disastrous consequences; I often worry that I have some kind of disease for no reason; Often count or sing a song for no reason; On some occasions, I am afraid to do embarrassing things; I am upset when I see sharp objects such as knives and daggers; I am troubled by completely remembering some unimportant things; Sometimes it will destroy some items or hurt others for no reason; Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
On some occasions, even if I was sick at that time, I wanted to overeat; When you hear the news of suicide, crime or illness, you will be sad for a long time, and it is hard not to think about it; There are manifestations such as cleanliness, paranoia and mail syndrome; When you hear or see an idea or sentence in your mind, you can't help thinking of another idea or sentence.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder tendency test:
1, with unnecessary thoughts or words hovering in my mind; 2. forgetfulness; 3. I am worried that my clothes are untidy and my manners are not correct; 4. I find it difficult to complete the task; 5. Things must be done slowly to ensure that they are done right; Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
6. Things must be checked repeatedly; 7. It is difficult to make a decision; 8. Repeatedly thinking about meaningless things; 9. Unable to concentrate; 10, be sure to wash your hands repeatedly and count; 1 1, repeatedly doing a meaningless action; 12, often suspected of being polluted; 13, always worrying about relatives and making meaningless associations; 14, uncontrollable opposing thoughts and ideas appear. 15, I'm used to saying a word or the same name repeatedly, or walking in the same place repeatedly and in the same way. 16, be sure to look around before wearing headphones; 17, Danny Chung alarms every 5 minutes, but still refuses to get up; 18, the door is suspected to be unlocked; 19, I feel uncomfortable when I see others not cleaning the blackboard; 20. Dare not check after the test results come out;
Course of disease and prognosis:
Generally, the onset is slow, the course of disease is long, and the symptoms can last for many years or sometimes light and sometimes heavy. The personality characteristics before illness are obvious, the onset age is early, the course of disease is elderly, and it is not good after cure. With the increase of age, the symptoms gradually decrease; There are obvious mental factors before the onset, obsessive-compulsive personality characteristics are not significant, and the course of disease is short; People without a positive family history may also spontaneously relieve their symptoms.
Edit the crowd characteristics of this paragraph
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Not every obsessive-compulsive disorder patient has all the following characteristics, so it cannot be generalized. Personality performance is only a kind of appearance, and the focus is on its pathogenesis. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder also have many excellent personality traits. The following are just some of the personality characteristics of some patients. In addition, the content of this paragraph needs to be considered and judged. Not necessarily correct. Obsessive-compulsive disorder usually occurs before the age of 30, especially for mental workers. Some strong mental factors as the inducement of the disease, strong and unbalanced people are prone to get the disease, and their personality is subjective, willful, impatient, aggressive and poor in self-control. A few patients are mentally fragile, timid from childhood, afraid of making mistakes, lacking confidence in their own abilities, being very cautious when encountering things, thinking repeatedly, mumbling afterwards, and checking many times, always hoping to be perfect. Very stiff in front of people, easy to be embarrassed, too self-restraint, strict requirements, serious and responsible work. Generally, the onset is slow, the course of disease is long, and the symptoms can last for many years, or sometimes light and sometimes heavy. The personality characteristics before illness are obvious. Older people with early onset age and poor prognosis. With the increase of age, the symptoms are gradually relieved, and there are obvious mental factors and obsessive-compulsive personality characteristics before illness. If the family history is short and there are no positive symptoms, the symptoms can also be relieved by themselves.
Edit the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression in this paragraph.
1 The systematic thought is a self-control way to interrupt compulsive ideas, emotions and intentions through shock. For example, use a timed alarm clock to ring every 3 minutes and say "stop!" Be loud when the bell rings. Get rid of it. After doing it many times, I switched to normal voice and weak voice in turn until I only said "stop!" " In my heart. To drive away obsessive-compulsive symptoms such as obsessive-compulsive ideas. 2 Behavior suspension method Behavior suspension method is a self-control method of forcibly stopping forced behavior with perseverance. When compulsion appears, I will silently say, "There is no need, I have the perseverance to control it!" " Then forcibly stop the compulsive behavior with tenacious will, thus resisting obsessive-compulsive disorder. 3 Substitution method Substitution method is a self-control mode that replaces compulsive ideas, intentions and behaviors with incompatible ideas, intentions and behaviors. When the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder appear, immediately recall or imagine interesting scenes or engage in activities that require high concentration, so that the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder can be eliminated by themselves.
The reason for editing this paragraph
Etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
1. Psychosocial factors, as inducing factors, occasionally have obsessive-compulsive ideas in normal people, but they will not last. Only under the influence of psychological and social factors can we persist, such as changes in working environment, heavy responsibilities, many demands, many difficulties, fear of accidents or family discord, difficulties in sexual life, tension caused by pregnancy and childbirth, coupled with the patient's caution, indecision, indecision, lack of self-confidence and anxiety, thus producing obsessive-compulsive symptoms. 2. Organic factors Clinically, obsessive-compulsive symptoms can be seen in patients with lethargic encephalitis, temporal lobe contusion and epilepsy. However, surgical treatment showed that excision of the white matter at the edge of the caudal nerve bundle was effective in improving obsessive-compulsive symptoms, suggesting that it was related to the function of the above parts. In addition, personality characteristics also play an important role in the pathogenesis. Patients with this disease often have the characteristics of being rigid, orderly and too serious. 3. Genetic factors The disease has a certain familial genetic tendency. As a genetic feature, red blood cell (ABO) blood type is related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It is found that the incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder type A is high and the incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder type O is low. ..
First, observation learning hypothesis.
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
According to the learning theory, observation is a conditioned stimulus that leads to anxiety. Because the initial anxiety induces stimulus connection (unconditional reflex), after observation and thinking, the actual anxiety is obtained. In this way, in fact, individuals have learned a new driving force. Although compulsion can be obtained in different ways, once it is obtained, individuals find that some activities with the concept of compulsion can help reduce anxiety. Whenever anxiety occurs, the individual's anxiety is forced to relieve, which strengthens the individual's compulsion. Moreover, because of this useful method, the internal drive (anxiety) acquired by individuals is successfully driven away, so it gradually stabilizes and becomes a part of learned behavior.
Second, the system family hypothesis.
This hypothesis holds that diseases express the destruction of the system, which exists in interpersonal relationships and the interaction between members forms a certain system. Here, the individual's behavior is caused by the behavior of others, and in turn, he will influence others in a circular way. This is a causal relationship, there is no clear head and tail, and the interaction is mainly based on the principle of "mutual attraction".
Thirdly, Rahman-Hodgson hypothesis.
On the basis of analyzing some previous studies, Rahman & Hodgson proposed that the causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder may include the following four aspects. 1. Genetic factors; 2. Emotional disorder; 3. Social learning; 4. Learn from special experiences. They assume that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a constantly changing and developing behavior pattern. Due to the successive effects of the above aspects in different situations, individuals eventually evolved into obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Fourth, psychoanalytic theory.
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Freud believes that obsessive-compulsive disorder is the further development of pathological obsessive-compulsive personality, and it is the anxiety caused by the inability of defense mechanism to cope with obsessive-compulsive personality, so obsessive-compulsive symptoms are produced. Psychoanalytic school represented by Freud believes that anxiety is the key to understand all obsessive-compulsive disorder. When the ego's lust conflicts with the attacking internal drive, and the superego wants to control and adjust this internal drive, if the ego can't use rational mechanism to adjust their conflict and alleviate the anxiety caused by the conflict, it has to take some measures to avoid anxiety, such as suppression, projection, reverse formation and fixation. If these defense mechanisms are not enough to resist or alleviate these anxieties, compulsive conflicts will occur in order to replace instinctive desires and impulses. Because the instinctive impulse I seek to express is in the subconscious field, it is difficult for the ego to realize the real object of its conflict, so it experiences inexplicable fear and anxiety. Therefore, anxiety is regarded as the most basic core symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder by psychoanalytic theory. When anxiety is transformed into physical symptoms, it shows the transformation symptoms of hysteria; When anxiety is out of consciousness, it shows hysterical symptoms. When anxiety turns to external objects, it shows phobia; When anxiety is isolated, it shows obsessive-compulsive disorder; If you directly experience anxiety, it will be manifested as anxiety. These symptoms can be understood as "compromise formation" or the result of ego trying to integrate self-drive, superego and reality.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conditioned reflex
Pavlov explained the physiological mechanism of this disease with the isolated pathological inert excitation focus in the cerebral cortex. Behavioral psychology believes that not only the normal behavior of human beings is the result of stimulus-reflex, but also the pathological behavioral response is formed through conditioned reflex, which may be the case with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
The classical model of conditioned reflex regards phobia as learned fear response. Watson did an experiment. A little boy named Albert is only nine months old, healthy and fearless. When Albert was not paying attention, they suddenly rang the gong, and the sudden loud noise finally scared little Albert to cry; Not only that, but under the stimulation of Gong, they also taught Albert to have a fear reaction to mice that were not afraid before; After three months of repeated experiments, this fear reaction was even further extended to dogs, rabbits and other animals or fur clothes. The view that operating conditions play a role is that reinforced behavior is easy to maintain. This is most clearly seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder: compulsive etiquette is often an act that can alleviate the compulsive thinking full of fear, so no matter how stupid or unreasonable this behavior is, it continues. For example, patients with symptoms of compulsory physical examination will constantly check whether they have locked the door, folded clothes, turned off the lights and so on. They need to "do" everything in a fixed and ritualized way, and they are troubled by this need. Roper has done research in this field to understand the test response of the subjects. By measuring the subjects before and after the ritual action, we found that their anxiety increased significantly before the verification, but decreased after the verification. This shows that their compulsory verification behavior is strengthening. The compulsive behavior obtained through reinforcement may be "meaningful" or accidental. It seems that one of the symptoms of pilots with hysteria such as diplopia is directly related to the source of anxiety; On the contrary, many symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder are just unpredictable unexpected results.