Second, his contribution to mankind is enormous-theoretical physicist, founder of the theory of relativity, founder of modern physics. 192 1 won the nobel prize in physics, and 1999 was selected as the "great man of the century" by time magazine of the United States.
Third, the specific contributions over the years-1891year (12 years old), self-taught Euclidean geometry, felt passionate love, and began to self-teach advanced mathematics. Einstein began to doubt Euclid's hypothesis.
1892 (13 years old), began to read Kant's works.
1895 (16 years old), taught himself calculus.
1900 (2 1 year) Einstein graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland in August; 65438+completed in February
Einstein as a teenager
The paper "Inference of Capillary Phenomenon" was published in the Journal of Physics in Leipzig the following year and was incorporated into Swiss nationality.
190 1 year (22 years old) published the quantum theory in March, put forward the light quantum hypothesis, and solved the photoelectric effect problem. In April, he submitted his paper "A New Method for Determining Molecular Size" to the University of Zurich, and received his doctorate. In May, he finished the paper "On Electrodynamics of Moving Objects", and put forward the principle of special relativity independently and completely, which initiated a new era of physics. ) on March 2 1 day, he obtained Swiss nationality. From May to July this year, I finished my thesis on the thermodynamic theory of potential difference.
1April, 906 (at the age of 27) was promoted to the second-class technician of the Patent Office. 165438+ finished the paper on specific heat of solid in October.
Einstein in Life (8 photos)
This is the first paper on solid state quantum theory.
19 10 years (3 1 year) 10 months, and finished the paper on critical opalescence.
19 12 (33 years old) put forward the photochemical equivalence law. 19 15 (36 years old) 1 1 month, put forward the complete form of general relativity gravity equation, and successfully explained the motion of mercury at perihelion.
[Name] Albert Einstein (Jewish theoretical physicist)
19 16 In March (at the age of 37), I finished my final thesis, Fundamentals of General Relativity. In May, the hypothesis that the universe is finite and unbounded was put forward.
In August, he completed the quantum theory of radiation, summarized the development of quantum theory and put forward the theory of stimulated radiation.
192 1 year (42 years old), Einstein won the nobel prize in physics for his research on photoelectric effect, which promoted the development of quantum mechanics.
1922 (43 years old) 65438+ 10 completed the first unified field theory paper.
1923 (44 years old) discovered Compton effect, which solved the long-standing contradiction in the concept of photon.
In February 65438, it was first speculated that the quantum effect might come from the overconstrained field equation of general relativity.
Non-Euclidean Geometry and Physics was published in 1925 (46 years old).
1926 spring (47 years old), he and Heisenberg discussed the philosophical problems about quantum mechanics. Accept the gold medal of the Royal Astronomer. Was admitted as an academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.
1927 (aged 48) signed the anti-fascist declaration drafted by Barbiser in February. Participated in the international anti-imperialist alliance and was elected honorary chairman.
10 In June, he attended the 5th Solvay Physics Seminar in Brussels and started a heated debate with Copenhagen School on the interpretation of quantum mechanics. Newtonian mechanics and its influence on the development of theoretical physics.
1928 (49 years old) 1 elected as the director of the "German Human Rights League" (formerly known as the "New Motherland League" in Germany). In spring, due to overwork and poor health, I went to Davos to recuperate and give lectures to convalescent youth. Published "Basic Concepts of Physics to Recent Changes".
In April, Helen Ducas began to serve as Einstein's lifelong private secretary.
1929 (50 years old) published the unified field theory in February.
Einstein's first wife, mileva.
March, 50th birthday, hiding in the suburbs to avoid birthday celebrations. I visited the Belgian royal family for the first time, forged a friendship with Queen Elizabeth, and corresponded with the Queen of Belgium until my death.
On June 28th, he won the Planck Medal.
After September, he argued with the French mathematician Adama about war and peace and insisted on unconditionally opposing all wars.
1930 (5 1 year old) was dissatisfied with the inaction of the League of Nations in improving international relations and offered to resign. In May, he signed the World Disarmament Statement of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.
In July, I argued with Tagore about the objectivity of truth.
65438+February11-1931March 4th, Einstein visited the United States for the second time, mainly giving a speech at California Institute of Technology.
65438+February 65438+March, Mayor Walker presented Einstein with the golden key of new york City.
[Name] Albert Einstein (Jewish theoretical physicist)
65438+February 19-20, visited Cuba. He has published articles such as My World View, Religion and Science.
From 65438 to 0936 (at the age of 57), he began to study the movement of general relativity in cooperation with Neifield and Hoffman.
On February 20th, 65438, his wife Elsa died.
Published Physics and Reality and On Education.
1937 (58 years old) participated in the compilation of the popular booklet Evolution of Physics written by infield from March to September.
In March, we supported China's "Seven Gentlemen".
In June, I cooperated with infield and Hoffman to complete the paper "Gravity Equation and Motion Problem", and deduced the motion equation from the field equation of general relativity.
1938 (59 years old) co-wrote a paper entitled "Popularization of Kalucha's Electrical Theory" with Bergman.
In September, I wrote to the descendants after 5000 years, expressing my dissatisfaction with the present situation of capitalist society.
1August 2, 939 (60 years old), under the impetus of szilard, he wrote to President Roosevelt, suggesting that the United States should pay close attention to atomic energy research and prevent the Germans from mastering the atomic bomb first.
My sister Maya came to America from Europe and lived in Einstein's house for a long time. In May, 1940 and 15 published Investigation on the Basis of Theoretical Physics.
On May 22nd, I called Roosevelt to oppose the neutral policy of the United States.
65438+1 October1obtained American citizenship.
194 1 year (62 years old) published articles on science and religion.
1942 (63 years old) 10 warmly praised the achievements of the Soviet Union in various aspects at the gathering of Jewish aid to the Soviet Union.
1943 (64 years old) joined the US Admiralty in May as a scientific consultant.
1944 (65 years old) In order to support the anti-fascist war, 1905 special relativity manuscript was auctioned for 6 million US dollars. A review of Russell's epistemology.
In February 65438, he discussed atomic weapons and post-war peace with Stern and Bohr, followed Bohr's advice and remained silent for the time being.
1March 945 (66 years old), discussing the dangers of atomic armament with szilard, and writing to introduce szilard to meet Roosevelt, failed.
Retired from the Institute of Advanced Studies in April (in fact, I still continue to work as usual). After September, he made a series of remarks about atomic war and world government.
1946 (67 years old) initiated the organization of the "Special Committee of Atomic Scientists" in May as its chairman. In May, he received an honorary doctorate from Lincoln University. Write a long "self-report" and review the road of scientific exploration in my life.
My sister Maya was paralyzed by a stroke in May. She reads to her every night.
In June+10, 5438, he wrote an open letter to the United Nations General Assembly, urging the establishment of a world government.
1947 (68 years old) continued to make a lot of remarks about world government.
In September, an open letter was published, suggesting that the United Nations be reorganized into a world government.
From April to June, 1948 (69 years old) cooperated with the astronomer Sharp Linli to fully oppose the United States' preparations for launching a "preventive war" against the Soviet Union.
Protest against the United States for general military training.
Published in quantum mechanics and reality.
His ex-wife mileva died in Zurich.
A laparotomy was performed from June to February in 5438, and a large aneurysm was found in the abdominal aorta.
1949 (70 years old) 65438+ 10/3, Einstein was discharged from the hospital.
In June+10, 5438, he wrote "Answers to Criticism" in the collection Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist to counter the criticism of Copenhagen School.
Why Socialism was published in May.
165438+ 10 "Special Committee of Atomic Scientists" ceased its activities.
1950 (7 1 year) delivered a televised speech on February 13, opposing the American-made hydrogen bomb.
In April, he published an article on the theory of generalized gravity.
The Collection of Old People was published.
Signed and sealed the will on March 65438, 2008. Dr. Nathan was appointed as the sole executor. The legacy is held by Dr Nathan and Ducas. The final storage place of letters and manuscripts is Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Among other things, the violin was presented to his grandson bernhard Caesar.
195 1 year (72 years old) published articles and letters in succession, pointing out that the American policy of expanding troops and preparing for war is a serious obstacle to world peace.
In June, my sister Maya died after a long period of paralysis.
In September, the Special Committee of Atomic Energy Scientists was dissolved.
1952 (at the age of 73) published Relativity and Space Problems and Introduction of Some Basic Views. 165438+ 10 After the death of Israeli President weismann in October, the Israeli government asked him to be the second president, but he was rejected.
1April 3, 953 (at the age of 74), he wrote Ode to the Olympia Academy to his old friends in Bern to remember his youth.
/kloc-In May of 0/6, he wrote a letter to the persecuted teacher, Flawn Glass, calling on American intellectuals to rise up against fascist persecution, which caused great repercussions at home. In order to read Born's retirement, he published a paper on the explanation of quantum mechanics, which caused a heated debate between them.
The Preface to the Concept of Space was published.
1March 954 (at the age of 75), on his 75th birthday, he called on the American people to fight the fascist forces through the "Special Committee on Civil Liberties".
In March, he was publicly denounced by US Senator McCarthy as "the enemy of the United States".
A statement was issued in May to protest the political persecution in Oppenheimer.
Qiu stayed in bed for several days because of hemolytic anemia.
165438+1October 18, published a statement in a reporter's magazine, preferring to be a craftsman or peddler in the United States rather than a scientist.
Complete asymmetric relativity.
1955 (76 years old) communicated with Russell to discuss the peace declaration from February to April, and signed the declaration on April 1 1.
In March, I wrote a "self-report clip", recalling the road of learning and scientific exploration in my youth.
On March 15, my best friend Besso passed away.
On April 3, Cohen and I talked about the history of science and other issues.
On April 5, he refuted American fascism and branded him a "subversive".
On April 13, he developed severe abdominal pain while drafting a TV speech, and was later diagnosed as arterial bleeding.
I was admitted to Princeton Hospital on April 15.
On April 8th, 65438+ 1: 25 died in the hospital.