Introduction is usually the first paragraph or sentence at the beginning of news, which briefly reveals the core content of news. Lead writing requirements: an overview of "making a statement makes it important", journalists have always attached importance to lead writing.
Although "there is no fixed method for writing", the news lead has its certain structural form after all, and the lead writing also has certain rules to follow. How to write a good lead? This paper summarizes 20 writing methods for reference only.
[7] How to make a good news lead "catch the ear" and "attract attention", with the shortest words, will undoubtedly have a direct and immediate effect. On August 1945, President Truman announced Japan's unconditional surrender.
When the Associated Press grabbed this explosive news, the lead was crisp and neat: "Japan surrendered!" This short and fateful clue was recognized as the "best clue" by the press at that time. [8] Set the suspense method to set "suspense" in the news lead. Don't say it directly yet, it will arouse the reader's appetite and "force" you to continue reading.
On June 25th, 1978, People's Daily published a report with the lead: "The National Finance and Trade Conference reported that the employees of the Bedding Group of Shanghai Garment Import and Export Corporation' saved' two mandarin ducks, which saved a lot of foreign exchange." Why "save" Yuanyang? What kind of mandarin duck was "saved"? How to save foreign exchange? There's nothing in the introduction. If you want to know, you must read on.
Play hard to get, let go first, then hold on. This kind of leader will be "punched". 1982101October14th, the Associated Press published an article satirizing the American economy. The headline reads: "Just a few hours before President Ronald Reagan announced to the whole country that' America is on the road to economic recovery', his son Prescott Reagan received unemployment benefits here."
Obviously, these two sentences are "contradictory". But readers are smart enough to know that even the president's son is accepting benefits. Who can believe that the American economy is beginning to improve? The method of turning static into dynamic An event news written by static narrative method is often dull, boring and boring, but if written by dynamic expression method, the lead will be novel, interesting and lively, and the reported news will be spiritual and fascinating.
1974, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang were unearthed in Xi 'an, which aroused strong concern at home and abroad. When the replica of Terracotta Warriors was on tour in Brussels, the Belgian capital, Rona Dobson, a reporter from the Tribune International Herald Tribune, sent a message with surprising words: "An China army has arrived in Brussels.
The mighty soldiers wore tight armor, followed by military bands and cavalry, and the most striking thing was their figure. The personification rhetoric skillfully uses personification rhetoric to write the lead, so that the lead and the reported object will have a "human touch" and give people a sense of intimacy.
1 993165438+1October1,Hangzhou Daily founded the first afternoon edition newspaper in the history of China. On the same day, Xinmin Evening News sent a message, and the lead wrote: "For the first time in the history of China news, a distinctive voice sounded:' Hi, good afternoon!'" Hangzhou Daily officially launched the first afternoon edition newspaper in China today. "
Newspapers are paper and never talk, but the author anthropomorphically wrote a voice: "Hi, good afternoon!" " "It's like a long-lost friend running towards you with open arms. How kind! Numbers are boring, but they are the most convincing. Using the main characters in the news, or the people concerned by readers, skillfully to answer readers' questions can improve the value of news and leave an unforgettable impression on readers.
Usually people say that the United Nations has many meetings and documents, but I'm afraid no one can tell exactly how many documents the United Nations has. A telegram sent by AFP at the United Nations 1982 answered this question very clearly: "If all the documents printed by the United Nations in new york and Geneva last year are arranged end to end, the total length will reach 270,000 kilometers."
At the beginning of the sketch news, if we can first describe the people and places in the "five elements" and outline a picture so that readers can feel at home, see the people and hear their voices, then the readability of this news will be greatly enhanced. On August 2nd, 1983, Guangming Daily sent a character message with a beautiful lead: "In a blink of an eye, he has been fighting on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for 27 spring and autumn.
The original hair was covered with moss, and now it has been infected with the frost and snow in Qilian Mountain; Wrinkles on the face are like traces carved by wind and sand. This is a deep impression that senior geologist Hu Xiannong left on reporters at the symposium of representatives of scientific and technological workers in minority areas. "
Clever use of background method If the background materials are skillfully used in the lead, the lead will have "face" and will be "radiant". 1994 10 6 19, People's Daily published a story about keeping snakes in Yongzhou written by the author. The introduction was taken with background materials: "Liu Zongyuan, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the famous snake catcher when he was demoted to Yongzhou, Hunan Province as Sima, which made him a" wild snake in Yongzhou ".
1000 years have passed, and a new generation of Yongzhou snake catchers, who risked their lives to catch snakes as a tax credit, quietly started a snake-raising craze. It has become a new thing for rural families in Yongzhou to compete for snake farms. If the method of famous poems and sentences avoids fancy suspicion, it is not only far-reaching in artistic conception, but also literary and artistic, which can greatly enhance the appeal of news to the audience.
1987 65438+1October 9, Hunan Daily published the news of "Breakthrough Progress in Tourism in Our Province", and the lead was quite literary: "The Wuling scenery of' Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Nobody knows her' once appeared, it deeply attracted many tourists at home and abroad." The expression of cadence to the reported object can be diversified, or suppressed first and then promoted, or promoted first and then suppressed, and it is thought-provoking.
On March 28th, 1979, the Associated Press published a manuscript about Renqiu Oilfield in Hebei Province, China, with the lead saying: "Here, the fuel on the ground is extremely scarce.
2. What is the introduction of the article? The article introduction is a news term in traditional media, which generally refers to the first sentence or paragraph of news. Its purpose is to present the best part of the full text with the simplest and shortest sentences. Nowadays, in the new media era, I have also made the form and function of the lead more diversified.
The introduction of the article is like the beginning of a story. It is interesting, vivid, vivid and full, which makes people fondle it and attracts the audience. Therefore, when writing the lead, we can make full use of different expressions-metaphor, personification, line drawing and so on. Make the lead easier to understand and remember, and let the audience accept news information on the basis of their interest in the lead.
Introduction-is the beginning of news, highlighting the most important, fresh or characteristic facts, prompting the main idea of news, and attracting readers to read the full text with short sentences.
Generally speaking, the first paragraph or sentence prompts the main idea of the news and attracts the audience with concise sentences, which is the lead. But there are also compound leading sounds, that is, leading sound variants synthesized by two or more natural paragraphs.
Extended data:
Writing principles of article introduction
The main function of 1. lead is to "dig a hole".
If you don't write a lead, then you should write the first paragraph of the article according to the lead. The lead should leave a "pit" to arouse the audience's reading interest.
2. The lead must be concise, short and pithy
The lead must be concise and to the point. It can be big or big, light or light, but it must be short, precise and clean. The best grammatical structure of lead writing is to write according to "subject, predicate and object", and try not to use complicated sentences.
The protagonist must be lively and charming
As mentioned above, the main function of the lead is to "dig a hole" to arouse readers' interest in reading, if it is difficult to arouse interest. That requires the author to add points with gorgeous literary talent and wonderful language, such as quoting ancient poems and finding a hot spot to "hitchhike". If the lead is poorly written, readers may not click on your article at all.
4. Leaders must be innovative, not dogmatic.
In the introduction, we should have a unique perspective and innovative expression. As mentioned above, it can be light, as long as the facts of the article are integrated with the views to be conveyed, it will be ok.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Introduction
3. Writing an introduction, how to write a paper, there are two, one is the introduction of a phrase+the other is the topic of the text;
Your first one. What's the difference between the first phrase that exists or doesn't exist? Quotations teach you where to start writing and what to write, and give you a limited scope. So, the reference of the article that can't be written ran away!
Your quotation should be in line with the proposal. Just give your guide words and guide the writing direction. It may give you some examples, but you don't use them, such as the text entitled "Love". Lead: The love you may feel in this world, such as maternal love, fatherly love, teacher's love and friend's love. . . Please combine your personal experience, "love", and write an article. . . . . . . . .
You can also write what you think is the essence of love.
It still depends on what kind of article you want to write. In fact, the introduction means an introduction. Introduce your text through the introduction! !
4. What is the clue? Refining the idea lead is the key link and the first step to grasp and control the whole news.
News text usually consists of lead, subject and ending, and lead is the core link in the whole news. Usually, before, during and after the interview, reporters are always thinking about a question: what is the core content of news and how to express it properly.
Once this kind of thinking is shaped and put into words, the first part to be implemented is often the beginning of the news-introduction. After the introduction is completed, the drafting of news headlines and the writing of news texts will be smoother.
The news read by network news editors often has ready-made leads. However, this cannot replace editing your own thinking, selection and refining process.
Editors first need to understand and grasp the content of news, and compare the lead they see with the lead they intend to write in their hearts. Refining the idea lead is the key link and the first step to grasp and control the whole news.
When reading the manuscript, the editor is examining and thinking about the main points of the news, the logic of expression and the words used. If the editor finds that a manuscript has reached a good level in content and expression, then the report can pass and enter the process of publishing and broadcasting.
If the editor finds that the manuscript, especially the introduction, is not ideal, and the supplementary materials are basically available, it needs to be revised by himself. The revision of the lead is a complicated work.
Although the introduction is at the beginning of the news report, its formation is often the result of generalization and refinement after taking all the materials and contents into account. Editors' efforts and ability to summarize and refine need to be accumulated for a long time; Only with the support of keen choice and the ability to capture news can we write a good lead and a good news report.
In essence, the writing of news leads emphasizes going straight to the topic, but this does not mean that all leads can only be the same "going straight to the topic" mode. Therefore, there are some changes in lead.
In traditional paper media, the writing of news leads can be divided into the following categories: direct narration. This kind of lead directly summarizes the most important and fresh facts in the news, and it is the most typical "straight to the point" style.
Render. This kind of introduction first makes a general statement, creates a background, and then enters the report of the latest dynamic facts.
Similar to the lead of rendering, there are some questions, stories, comparisons and so on. Most of them start with different ways of "outside", "inside", "outside" and "inside", and then tell the most fresh and important news.
The success or failure of this practice needs to be judged according to the specific situation. It is difficult to grasp the proper boundary of this kind of lead, and editors can gradually understand it by reading a lot of lead and news.
Ask questions. This lead-in form is to ask questions or puzzles first, so as to attract the attention and interest of the audience and arouse their desire to continue reading the following.
The following example begins with a question: "Can an airplane fly over the Arc de Triomphe, which is only14.62m wide in the center of Paris? The heroes in Paris are doing their experiments. " In this example, the reader first reads the suspense of an unknown result, and it is quite difficult to guess who is the "Paris hero" in the introduction.
Therefore, readers can only find the answer by reading on. The advantage of questioning mode is that it has suspense, but the disadvantage is that it is a bit circuitous.
It is worth reminding that once the curve is too big, "suspense" can't catch people, and the result may be counterproductive. Quote.
Direct speech is one of the common styles in traditional media. Use it more carefully in the network environment.
A few points are particularly worth mentioning. First of all, the quotation used must be strictly quoted direct quotation, and the indirect quotation of the report is equivalent to adaptation, which does not belong to the issue discussed here.
Secondly, the use of quotations should try to choose the "touch the bottom" and "the finishing touch", which can play a role of gold, otherwise the use of quotations will give people a clumsy impression. Thirdly, the quotation used should make it easy for the audience to interpret its language meaning and not make people feel puzzled.
Modifying a lead sometimes means rewriting the lead. When rewriting leads, you can consider all the above types of leads.
What type or style of lead is not the most critical, the most fundamental thing is to arrange it according to the actual situation of news materials. In the process of conception and rewriting, novice editors with little experience can start with writing a straightforward narrative lead, write the lead straight first, and then modify it, so as to accumulate experience and improve their communication and expression ability in work.
There are some experiences for reference when reviewing and editing news leads: 1. It is necessary to grasp and highlight the most important content, not to distinguish between primary and secondary, and to stuff a bunch of information into the lead; 2. The wording should be direct and accurate, and should not be abstract and vague, dragging its feet; 3. Emphasize the content, results, status quo, significance and characteristics, and don't dwell on the process or minor details; 4. Pay attention to the reliability of information sources, check the content information as much as possible, and don't easily approve or deny bizarre or seemingly reasonable content; 5. Be critical, and don't accept the contents and conclusions provided in news articles without analysis; 6. Make things and problems clear, and don't throw content or information that you don't understand or have little to do with the target audience to readers; 7. Pay attention to objective balance and don't make subjective evaluation directly; 8. Pay attention to the expression of audit language, and don't make mistakes in common sense, logic or terminology. 9. The leads should be shorter and shorter.
How to use details in the lead? 1. Material selection and structural details. With the development of news media, the competition is becoming more and more fierce.
How do different media win the same event? The angle of material selection and the structure of the article are a key point. Su Shi said that when looking at Lushan Mountain, "the peaks and mountains are horizontal, and the distance is different", there are often many angles to look at a thing. As the beginning of news, a newspaper can win the competition if it has a unique angle to attract readers.
Traditional news writing takes the inverted pyramid as the essence, emphasizing the most important information in the introduction. But news facts have five "W". Which is the most important and which "W" readers want to know most is the test.
5. How to design your own unique introduction to primary school composition class?
In the years of Chinese teaching, I found that when instructing students to write, we should pay more attention to the design of leads, and strive to create a harmonious and pleasant classroom atmosphere for students through leads, so that students can feel that writing is a pleasant thing, and change "I want to write" into "I want to write", so as to enthusiastically engage in writing practice.
First, conform to the psychology and guide the situation.
Many students are afraid of writing and feel that writing has two dilemmas: first, they don't know anything and the content is difficult; Second, I don't know how to write, so it's hard to express. Indeed, it is not easy to lead primary school students to cross the threshold of composition, and teachers must do everything possible to mobilize the enthusiasm of students in order to be effective. In the first composition instruction class for junior three students, I designed such a lead:
Students, to put it bluntly, writing an article means talking with a pen. Do you think it is difficult to speak with your mouth? (The students said in unison, "It's not difficult!" Then it is not difficult to write down what you want to say with a pen. Besides, writing is easier than speaking! As the saying goes, words spoken out are like spilled water, which cannot be collected. The ingredients are different. It can be revised repeatedly until it is satisfactory. From this perspective, isn't it easier to write than to speak?
Fear of composition is a common psychology of students. Some students feel pressure when they bring up their compositions, and think that they are too difficult. This kind of introduction conforms to students' psychology, guides them according to the situation, instills the idea that "writing is not difficult" and encourages them to dare to write.