When I was a primary school information teacher in Nanchuan Primary School, the biggest problem I encountered was that some students were not focused in class, which would directly affect their learning effect. The information education curriculum in primary schools is very attractive to most students, but with the deepening of the curriculum, there will be some courses that students are not interested in, which will make students lose their concentration and have poor learning effect. In addition, what makes me think is what kind of teaching objectives should be achieved in primary school information technology courses. Is it the most important goal for students to master more commands and operations in class? We think not. It is to let students improve their quality through classroom learning. Stimulate students' interest in using computers, let them study actively and with interest, and let them receive emotional education in many aspects, such as aesthetics, environment, cooperation and patriotism. Let students have enough activity space to improve their knowledge, skills, abilities and emotions in an all-round way. So we consider the classroom teaching of information technology in primary schools from the following aspects. In the actual teaching process, I made a detailed observation of individual students and tried several methods to try to understand the reasons for their inattention.
In my daily teaching, I often encounter such a situation. Some students concentrate on their studies without any interference. However, some students often talk casually and make small moves; Some classes seem serious, but in fact they are absent-minded. So much so that I asked him to answer his rude awakening question; Some students are always fidgeting when doing homework, attending classes and reading books. When other students are doing their homework, there will always be some "play" episodes. Their homework is very casual. They play while doing it. Resulting in long operation time and many errors. In view of this phenomenon, I specially observed several students: Hu, female, Class 1, Grade 3, cheerful personality and good academic performance. I was very interested in information at first, and made rapid progress, especially in animation typesetting. But later, with the deepening of the course, some courses made students feel dull and unable to concentrate, and often answered irrelevant questions when I asked questions. As a result, the student's academic performance in information class plummeted. Why are students not paying attention? I also communicated with the parents of this student. Students have good family conditions. Since she took the information class, her parents bought her a computer for studying, but later this computer became a special tool for her to watch cartoons. There was a student named Hu Zhicheng in my previous class. This student has a very strange personality. He was careless in class, but when I taught him alone, he was very attentive and learned well. Later, I carefully observed the performance of this classmate and found that he was easily influenced by things outside, even if someone outside the classroom talked or walked, it would affect him. This happens not only to this student, but also to others. After observing several other students, we know that the reason is that the latter has psychological problems of attention, poor quality of attention and even psychological obstacles of attention. Attention is the ability to reflect and pay attention to the psychological activities of something within a certain period of time. Attention is the fundamental means for human beings to consciously and actively acquire information and learn knowledge and skills. According to my observation of several classmates, I summed up several manifestations of inattention: First, it is difficult to keep concentration when studying, doing things or playing, and it is easy to be distracted by external influences; If you can't hear it for a few minutes in class, you will be distracted and don't know what the class is about; When doing homework, you can't concentrate on playing while doing it. The working efficiency is extremely low. If there is movement, you will be distracted, and you can't finish it without your parents. Writing homework often appears missing words, typos, typos, typos; When reading, there are many typos and lost words; During the exam, I read the wrong question and lost it. Secondly, I am often unwilling to do things that require continuous brain use; Often lose homework, lose stationery, forget things, study carelessly and make careless mistakes.
Second, the causes of primary school students' inattention analysis
(1) External factors mainly include the following situations:
1. Poor surroundings can easily lead to students' inattention.
For example, someone talking and walking in the aisle, someone being late or some students talking casually in the classroom will attract students' unintentional attention and affect their study. At home, when students are studying, parents watching TV or playing cards and doing other things in the room will affect students' attention.
2. Educational methods have a great influence on primary school students.
The attention characteristics of primary school students have obvious personal emotions, which first develop from unintentional attention to intentional attention, and then gradually develop to intentional attention, and pay attention to it. If teachers' teaching methods are dull, teaching materials are not handled properly, and criticism methods are improper, students will be biased against the subject and thus unable to concentrate. I once came into contact with a student named Zhang Jiahao, who often made small gestures and was absent-minded in class. When the teacher criticized him, he looked embarrassed and very nervous. After talking to him several times, I realized that his parents were impatient at home. Whenever he makes a mistake at home, his parents will basically punish him and even beat and scold him. As a result, the student is also nervous and restless in the face of the teacher's education.
I am not interested in the courses I have studied.
For example, children are not interested in the content of the teacher's lecture, and their minds are always thinking about what to pack, which is likely to distract their attention. Pupils are generally interested in things they have never touched before, so when I gave them the first computer lesson, the whole class basically showed strong interest. However, with the advancement of the course, some students' curiosity gradually shifted or disappeared. Huang Jie, which I taught, is a typical example. His family is in the countryside, and he has never been exposed to computers before attending computer classes. In his first computer course, he was very active and eager for knowledge, but as the course continued, his curiosity and interest in the subject gradually faded, and his classroom performance became less and less active.
4. Parents inadvertently guide.
German children's education scholars recently published a research report, which shows that parents are dominant in the process of educating children. Most children will imitate their parents' words and deeds.
(2) In addition to the above external factors, there are internal factors:
1. Lack of understanding of the purpose and significance of learning.
I made a survey of 40 students in our class. Only 65,438+00% students know that learning is to learn more knowledge, 60% students can only vaguely answer that learning is to increase knowledge, and the remaining few students don't know why they study. Some even think that it is because parents have to go to work and there is no one at home to accompany them, while others think that they will be criticized by their parents for not studying. Among them, 80% of the students are not clear about their recent learning goals, what they want to learn, how much they want to learn, when and what tasks they have, and lack the initiative to learn. This seriously affects the development of students' intentional attention, and it is more difficult to cultivate students' unintentional attention after learning.
2. Afraid of learning difficulties, no perseverance and perseverance.
Students are weak-willed and afraid of difficulties. They think that learning is hard work, they can't learn well, and they lose confidence in learning. When encountering difficulties in learning, they often refuse to think, even flinch, and turn their attention to things that have nothing to do with learning, which leads to distraction in learning. Through several years of teaching practice, I deeply realize that students who are afraid of difficulties in their studies and are unwilling to think more about solving difficult problems will often regress later, even if they get good grades at first. Because learning is a persistent process.
3. Poor self-discipline.
Primary school students are easily influenced by the surrounding environment because of their poor self-discipline and anti-interference ability, and they are often half-hearted and inattentive. No matter who walks or talks, he always listens, looks and interrupts, so it is difficult to concentrate on his studies. On the surface, it looks serious, but in fact it's desertion. In the long run, it will lead to inattention, and wrong questions and missing questions will often appear in homework. This is what we usually call carelessness.
4. The study pressure is great, and you are too tired.
Some parents enroll students in a large number of interest classes in order to let their children learn more, which leads to students' fatigue and weariness of learning. Some students exercise too much and lack sleep, and their brains can't get enough rest, which leads to distraction in class. According to the survey of several classes I teach, nearly half of the students have attended cram schools or interest classes outside, and many students will go to various interest classes immediately after school in the afternoon, such as taekwondo training classes, art classes, dance classes and so on. Some students plan to attend cram schools at weekends to strengthen their subject knowledge. This has added a lot of burden to children, causing both physical and psychological pressure to children. Children don't get enough rest, so that they can't concentrate in class and even sleep at their desks.
Third, some countermeasures to improve primary school students' concentration:
After understanding the factors that cause students' inattention, we should find effective countermeasures. The most important thing for students is how to cultivate their attention, which is indeed a noble quality. A person's success is inseparable from his concentration on his studies and career. So, how can we knock on this "door of the soul" and carry out fruitful teaching activities? For most students' attention problems, we can cultivate them from the following aspects:
(A) the correct guidance, stimulate students' subjective initiative in learning, adjust the level of ambition.
Defining the purpose and task can make students have the need to achieve the purpose, and then generate the learning motivation to meet the needs, which is an important condition to stabilize students' attention. The clearer the purpose of students' study, the stronger the stability of intentional attention, and the more conducive to concentration. On the other hand, students' lack of good learning motivation is bound to make it difficult for them to have high concentration, stable and happy mood and excellent will quality in the learning process, which will bring certain difficulties to complete the learning task. Therefore, we must always consciously guide students to exercise their intentional attention. At present, there are single and passive problems in classroom learning in primary schools to some extent. Under the guidance of the new curriculum standard concept, we should abandon the traditional teacher-centered, classroom-centered, book-centered learning model and advocate diversified learning methods. To provide students with "autonomous classroom", that is, to learn in the form of "asking questions → discussing questions → solving problems", and to promote the development of students' cognitive ability and personality quality by means of cooperation and interaction between teachers and students, multi-directional information exchange and various sensory coordination activities. Classroom not only gives students time to practice and master basic content and skills, but also gives students the opportunity to apply what they have learned.
1. Use short stories to understand the importance of attention.
People who have made achievements in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, are often absorbed in their studies or majors, and even obsessed with it. For example, Chen Jingrun, a mathematician who once took off a jewel in the crown of Goldbach's conjecture mathematics, tried to solve the problem sleepless nights. Once I bumped into a tree while reading, but I thought I bumped into someone and apologized again and again. In the usual teaching, I often use morning meetings and class meetings to tell students such stories, and at the same time let students collect stories about great people's concentration in learning at all times and at all times. In the "Talk about Heaven and Earth" class, a story-telling contest was held. Let students be infected and edified by vivid stories, let students realize the important role of attention training in their own growth, understand the weight of attention to learning, and remember to always pay attention to cultivating their enthusiasm, initiative and concentration consciousness.
2. Help students set learning goals and stimulate their inner potential.
In teaching, teachers should guide students to carry out effective training. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of your attention quality. Through the questionnaire survey, I think I have done better and what are the shortcomings. According to your own advantages and disadvantages, make a short-term study goal or write a word to motivate yourself, and put it in the corner of the table where it is easy to see, so as to motivate yourself and establish self-confidence. A student in my former class often deserted in class. Later, through my communication, he wrote this sentence: "study hard in class and have fun after class." The students who changed students later made great progress. In addition, teachers should help students set up correct learning goals, give them more encouragement, help students build up self-confidence, eliminate interference and overcome difficulties, so as to achieve the expected goals.
(B) improve teaching methods, cultivate interest in learning, improve attention.
We need to find out what is most likely to attract the attention of primary school students. Junior students have a low level of understanding and are limited by age, so they are easy to accept and understand intuitive things. Therefore, we should organize teaching materials according to the age of primary school students and use diversified teaching methods to attract students' attention. Attention and interest are twin sisters. With strong interest, an exciting center can be formed on the cerebral cortex, and attention can be highly concentrated. Interest is closely related to success, and the influence and function of interest on success cannot be underestimated, which has been fully confirmed by a large number of facts. Interest is the best teacher in learning. If you are not attentive in class, you are often not interested in learning content. Therefore, teachers should choose appropriate teaching methods according to students' learning situation and the characteristics of teaching content, strive for vivid images, stimulate students' interest in learning, and make students learn knowledge from "knowing" to "being good" until they enter the realm of "enjoying". On the basis of students' strong interest in direct learning, we should seize the opportunity to cultivate indirect learning interest, so that students can have a positive learning attitude and maintain the stability of classroom attention. In the usual teaching, we should strive to do the following:
1. Let students be interested in our class, cultivate their interest in learning and improve their attention.
We should seize curiosity to arouse students' interest. Curiosity is the nature of students, especially primary school students. If teachers can grasp students' curiosity, skillfully set suspense and ask questions that students are interested in, they can arouse students' interest in learning and introduce students' attention to classroom learning. Grasp the difficulty of the course. The difficulty of the course should be adapted to the level of students. If the degree is too difficult, students will be tired of learning, and the worse their grades, the lower their interest in learning, forming a vicious circle. The degree is too relaxed, the conversation is tasteless, and there is no interest in learning. Grasping the difficulty and appropriateness of teaching materials is the first step to improve students' interest in learning. According to the students' learning level and the difficulty of the course, vivid teaching plans are designed to fully tap the interest points in subject knowledge.
2. The course should be innovative and the classroom teaching should be vivid.
The introduction of courses should be novel, creative and constantly changing. Such as a story from a scientist, a joke, an action, an experiment, a social phenomenon, etc. A good beginning is half the battle, and the introduction of new courses should be constantly changing and innovative, so that students have a desire to be curious and explore the classroom content. The teaching process should be vivid, relaxed, climax and trough, so that students can walk well step by step with questions and curiosity.
3. Find a suitable teaching method.
Students' level, subjects and teaching contents are the basis for choosing teaching methods. To improve students' interest in learning, we must integrate all factors and choose the best teaching method. Courses with strong theory may have better teaching methods, and courses with strong operation may have better demonstration methods. Sometimes, a class may need to integrate several different teaching methods. Appropriate teaching methods can stimulate students' interest in learning and play a multiplier role.
4. Find out the difficulties in students' study in time and help them solve them.
Because of the differences in students' understanding ability and acceptance ability, it is inevitable that they will encounter different difficulties in their study. In this way, the interest in learning will drop sharply, and there will be many difficulties, even weariness of learning, and it is difficult to concentrate. I teach a little girl in Class One, Grade Three. Her parents have been working outside the home since childhood, and she has been living with her grandparents. Because grandparents pay more attention to children's material life and give little guidance to her study and thoughts, so that this student usually works alone at home and school, does not communicate with other students, only focuses on what he wants to do, and even plays with building blocks in computer class, completely ignoring the teacher's reminders and corrections. After knowing her specific situation, I often take the initiative to find her to play games after class. At first, she was a little reluctant to accept my participation. After several contacts, she gradually got used to it and took the initiative to chat with me. After a period of guidance and education, she gradually became able to communicate with others and realized what she should do in class. After class, I often carry out appropriate counseling or interactive teaching activities among students according to their different situations and learning levels to solve the difficulties they encounter in their studies.
(3) Cultivate students' self-discipline and develop good attention habits.
In teaching, I found that students' attention ability can be cultivated through training, but it needs their own willpower to maintain it. Teach students how to cultivate good attention habits through some short stories. Ji Chang, for example, was an expert in archery in ancient times. In order to practice archery, he first practiced without blinking, lying on his back under his wife's loom, and then didn't blink even if the awl pricked his eyes. Later, I developed my eyesight. I tied a louse with a yak hair and hung it on the window, facing south, staring at it. Within ten days, the lice seem to be getting bigger. Three years later, it was as big as a wheel. Finally, I achieved the goal of archery. Teachers should clearly tell students that attention can be cultivated as long as they are trained carefully, but in learning, they should use the power of will to overcome the interference from themselves and the outside world and stop all activities unrelated to learning. "If you can't see it, your mind won't be confused." Throw everything except what needs your attention in an invisible place, so that the information introduced into your brain will be relatively concentrated, and your attention will naturally focus on where you should pay attention. Therefore, in the process of cultivating intentional attention, teachers should set aside a little time every day to carry out psychological training of will, guide students to start from small things in daily study and life, and set aside a little time every day to keep a diary or practice words or recite routines, without interruption under special circumstances. Sometimes you can design some small exercises, such as deliberately asking students to finish reading and homework tasks in a noisy environment within a specified time. This can effectively enhance the self-control ability of anti-interference and adjust your attention with willpower.
In addition, cultivating students' self-discipline ability is an effective way to prevent and correct students' attention to psychological problems. We know that no matter how effective heteronomy is, its function is only temporary and its foundation is not solid. Only by giving full play to students' consciousness and cultivating their self-discipline ability can we get twice the result with half the effort. The cultivation of self-discipline ability is an arduous, complex and long-term work. Teachers should help students establish firm confidence and stimulate everyone's desire for self-education. For example, when you are distracted, learn to tell yourself loudly in your heart: "Hold on for a few more minutes, and I will make progress." In the daily study of classes, we should vigorously develop a good collective education atmosphere in which backwardness becomes advanced, advanced and then advanced, enhance students' awareness of independent self-education, and cultivate every student into a self-education subject who is brave in correcting and positive. At ordinary times, teachers should educate students to be strict with themselves, concentrate their thoughts on the teaching content in class, take the initiative to answer teachers' questions, and ask teachers in time if they have questions or don't understand. In any case, don't talk casually in class, don't make small moves and don't read extracurricular books. As long as you concentrate on your studies, your attention will be highly concentrated and not easily dispersed. If you make progress, you must stick to it and never give up halfway until you form a good habit of concentration. In order to make students form a good habit of paying attention, I often design some small exercises: for example, in the course of layout design of electronic newspaper, I deliberately make several mistakes, so that students can find the wrong place in one minute; Concentrate on who can find the most problems in one minute. ...
(d) Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, have a proper rest, and don't let students feel that learning is a burden.
Fatigue is the enemy of inattention. If the study burden is too heavy, the time is too long, or the mood is too tense, it is easy to get tired. After study fatigue appeared, students' attention ability and intellectual activity level declined, so they felt powerless and unable to concentrate in class. Therefore, once you feel tired, you should pay attention to proper rest, such as taking a walk outdoors during recess to relax mentally. Don't take 10 minutes to read or do your homework. Usually, we should actively participate in cultural and sports activities, which can not only delight our body and mind, but also eliminate fatigue; At the same time, we should ensure adequate sleep. Energetic is the basic guarantee for students to concentrate.
Fourth, strengthen counseling for students with psychological barriers.
For students who have attracted attention to psychological disorders, psychological counseling must be implemented in a targeted manner. The methods need to vary from person to person, from time to place to things.
1. Incentive method
Psychologists' experiments show that a person can only play 20%-30% of his ability, and if fully stimulated, he can play 80%-90%. We use this method in psychological counseling to help students who are concerned about psychological barriers have certain confidence in themselves. There are goal motivation, spirit motivation, example motivation and teacher behavior motivation in the operation. Step by step from the near future to the medium and long term. Low starting point, easy to achieve, emotional communication and encouragement as a means, emotional. At the beginning of each semester, I will set semester goals for students of different levels. According to the students' classroom performance and mastery of knowledge last semester, I will divide the students into three groups: A, B and C, and then assign them corresponding learning goals respectively, so as to make continuous progress on the basis of the previous ones. Students who successfully achieve their goals will be rewarded at the end of the semester, and the group with the most obvious progress and the most advanced students will also receive group honors and awards. After three semesters of practice, this method has really inspired some students to study hard and achieved certain results.
2. Guidance method
Congenital defects can be made up by acquired learning. For students with poor attention quality, some intensive training measures may have the effect of haste makes waste. We can use the guidance method to subtly correct the attention disorder. We should pay attention to two points in the specific operation: First, the emotional guidance method. Students with attention deficit are psychologically fragile and hope to be understood by teachers. If teachers can show them more respect, care, understanding and consideration, their emotional expectations will be met. Hearts communicate easily. The second is the evaluation guidance method. Students with attention deficit disorder are not as good as other students in their studies. Teachers should not blindly deny their other advantages and specialties. Only by evaluating them correctly and realistically can they play a positive role in promoting students' mental health. Otherwise, it will only have a negative effect. We have several ways to try to change our behavior. ① reinforcement: cultivate good behaviors and eliminate bad behaviors by positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is positive reinforcement. Students always strive for progress. If they find that students with attention deficit disorder have made a little progress, they will give appropriate encouragement and praise to affirm and consolidate their progress. (2) Hint: It means to convey some information to students in an implicit, indirect or inconspicuous way without adopting a confrontational attitude. Change some bad habits of students through subtle influence. After students perceive the information, they respond to it in psychology and behavior, resulting in the same result as the suggestor expected.
Fifth, the ways for parents to cultivate their children's attention.
Parental education is undoubtedly very important for students, and many habits of students are related to parental education. First of all, parents should pay more attention to their usual behavior and have patience and love. Parents should change their attitude, that is, treat their children's inattention as a psychological problem, rather than a defect in character and will. Secondly, parents should provide their children with a quiet learning environment. For example, there should be as few pictures or photos as possible in children's rooms, and less stimuli unrelated to study should be presented to children, because children are easily attracted by irrelevant stimuli. When children do their homework, parents should close the curtains of the house and don't turn on the TV or radio to avoid disturbing the children. Parents should not talk to each other when children are studying, because what they say to adults will be remembered in their hearts, but they can't remember the homework in front of them at all.
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Finally, we need to clearly realize that the cultivation of students' attention is not a day or two, and the above countermeasures are only partially not used by all students. We should adopt different methods according to the actual situation. In the process of cultivating children's good attention quality, it may bring a lot of trouble and distress to teachers and parents, but we can't give up. Our education should aim at "all for children, all for children" and treat every student, no matter what defects he has. As teachers, we should give them infinite care and help, and let them grow up healthily and happily. I believe that with our joint efforts, children will certainly learn useful things and achieve something.