1. The habit of previewing in advance Zhang Lei and Ann Xiao Juan are now fifth-grade students in a primary school in Beijing. Zhang Lei is good at math, but not good at English. And a Xiao Juan person, good grades in English, poor grades in math. The class held a learning experience exchange meeting. Zhang Lei and Ann Xiao Juan were selected as representatives and introduced their respective learning experiences. Zhang Lei is shy and difficult to talk with, but his speech still attracts the attention of teachers and classmates. Zhang Lei said: "My learning experience is actually nothing, just reading in advance." The teacher said, "Look ahead? Then please be specific. Why did you look ahead? " Zhang Lei said: "Every weekend, after finishing the homework assigned by the teacher, I will take an hour or so to browse the contents that are not mentioned at the back of the math textbook." Some students couldn't help asking, "The teacher didn't talk about the rest. Can you understand?"? "Zhang Lei said," If you don't understand, you are right! In fact, many problems are incomprehensible. Cross out the questions you don't understand in advance every time, so that you can have a good idea when you listen to the teacher next week. When the teacher tells me questions I don't understand, I will listen carefully. " An Xiaojuan seems to have thought of something and smiled knowingly. Facts have proved that her English learning experience coincides with that of Zhang Lei. She said: "My method of learning English is similar to Zhang Lei's method of learning mathematics. I also read the English texts and exercises to be spoken next week in advance every weekend, find unfamiliar words, and read the unfamiliar texts aloud twice in advance. If the pronunciation is not correct, mark a symbol. " The teacher summed up their experience: preview in advance, know well. Training methods ● Preview can include semester preview, weekly preview and daily preview. Generally speaking, it is aimed at students above grade three or four. ● Pre-study in the semester means that after the new book, children feel particularly fresh and curious about the new book, so parents must guide them. Browse the textbook catalogue (mainly English, mathematics, Chinese). ● Weekly preview requires children to complete independently, which requires special care. Let the children read it, and mark what they don't understand with colored pens. If the weekly preview is particularly detailed, then there is generally no need for daily preview. ● If the weekly preview is rough, or there is no weekly preview, you need to preview every day, generally 20 minutes. 2. The habit of careful observation The following is a fragment from an essay "Little White Dove" written by a pupil named Hu Yongjing: The little white dove has a pair of round little red eyes on both sides of its head, and its light gray eyelids are like a layer of gauze, which is quickly pulled down and lifted up with the blink of an eye. The pigeon's mouth is pale pink, the upper part is long and the lower part is short. Above the mouth are two small flower noses, each with a small hole, which is the nostril. The feathers of little white pigeons are all white. If you look closely, feathers are not the same everywhere. The feathers on the head are thin and short, and they feel slippery. The feathers on the back are thick, layered and neatly arranged. The feathers on my stomach are fluffy and soft, like cotton wool that has just been played. If you touch it, it will be warm! There are long and hard feathers on wings and feathers, which can be opened like folding fans. How beautiful! Where is the winner of this composition fragment? It's words, okay? Writing is certainly good, but this is not the key and fundamental. The most crucial and fundamental point is that this classmate Hu Yongjing has extraordinary observation ability. Extraordinary observation ability is the basis of learning composition, mathematics and other disciplines well. Many parents think that writing is a language problem. In fact, children are usually too careless and not good at observation, which is an important reason for poor writing. Imagine, if this classmate doesn't observe the little white dove carefully in his life, can he write the above article only by some beautiful adjectives? So kung fu is outside of "poetry", and kung fu is observing. Training method: To cultivate the habit of observation, first pay attention to everything in life and everything. When encountering novel things, such as going to the zoo to see animals, traveling to see the scenery and so on. Adults only remind and guide children when they are cheering, excited and full of emotions, and carefully observe the details and examine the details instead of just looking at the overall situation. Observation should start from the aspects of shape, sound, color, taste and quantity. Guide children to compare with neighboring or similar things, such as seeing ducks and comparing them with geese. When eating apricots, let the children talk about the similarities and differences between apricots and peaches. Secondly, classroom learning also needs careful observation. For example, let children make a parallelogram with two identical triangles, and then make a parallelogram with two identical arbitrary triangles. At the same time, let the children think while observing: Can you find out the relationship between the area of parallelogram and the area of triangle? What is the relationship between the height of parallelogram and the height of triangle row? Can the area formula of triangle be deduced from the area formula of parallelogram? In fact, these are all good observation training. The third good habit is the habit of writing diligently. The Chen family is going to travel. The bus has reached the door, but Xiao Bin runs home. Dad asked him what he was doing. Chen said, "I want to bring my notebook!" " After a while, Xiao Bin ran downstairs with a small hardcover notebook. Chen has accumulated five notebooks and many cards, all of which are full of words. Chen has a good habit of writing. You should write while reading. If it is his own book, he will read the words on the side, so-called no pen and ink, no reading; If it is a borrowed book, he will read it in his notebook or extract it. If he goes out to browse, he always carries a small notebook or card in his pocket and records the novel scenery, scenery and his feelings in a few words. Even watching TV and reading newspapers, Chen Ye will never forget to extract some novel words and things. Xiao Bin is a propagandist of the school sports meeting. He has a small notebook in his pocket. In his spare time, he "photographed" some wonderful moments and various reactions of the audience into his notebook. In the composition class, Chen's articles are often the most abundant; Speaking at the class meeting, Xiao Bin's words are the most convincing; Xiao Bin is the best editor of the wall newspaper. Training methods ● When reading your own extracurricular books, let the children have a pen and a book, and let the children write while reading. When writing, you can mark the words he is particularly interested in with line segments or symbols. At the beginning, you can extract it first. Don't extract in large chunks. Instead, we should have a choice and choose the clips that children are particularly interested in. ● After that, you can annotate. In the blank space of your extracurricular book, simply criticize a word, such as "wonderful", "wonderful" and "wrong". Later, you can annotate a complete sentence. Later, you can express your meaning completely in a few sentences. In short, we must do "no pen and ink, no reading". ● When going out, record what you see, hear and feel in time, even if it is very rough and simple. Over time, you will form a habit. ● Develop the habit of keeping a diary and writing essays. It can be very simple at first, a few words, words that can't be used can be pinyin or even symbols, followed by a sentence, and then it can be gradually complicated, written into fragments or even written into a complete article. The key is to cultivate habits. Diaries and essays are still dominated by fragments.