In the senior high school entrance examination, I usually recite 4 poems and 2 articles, paying special attention to reciting famous sentences in the content. Remember and correct the typos in your previous dictation.
2. To understand and appreciate ancient poems, we should focus on the ancient poems and songs appearing in the reading items of each textbook, and pay attention to the accumulation of common sense of ancient culture and literature, especially the notes in the textbook; We should have a good understanding of the appreciation guidance and practice in Click on the Content, and have an accurate understanding of the poem, its main content and writing intention, and the author's thoughts and feelings. For some famous works, you should also know the author's name, life age and title.
4. Master the meaning of common notional words in classical Chinese and the usage of six function words. Generally speaking, the special usages of ancient Chinese are: polysemy, Tong Jia, flexible use of parts of speech, and different meanings in ancient and modern times.
Therefore, we should pay special attention to such words in the text, and we must understand and master the usage of 150 real words and 6 function words in the clicked content, especially the meanings appearing in junior high school textbooks. 5. Sentence translation should be sensitive to "special sentence patterns".
Such as ellipsis, pay attention to add the omitted subject and object; Such as judgmental sentences, inverted sentences (preposition object, adverbial post), passive sentences, rhetorical questions and so on. In translation, the meaning of key notional words and the usage of function words should be implemented, and the tone and sentence pattern of the translation must be consistent with the original.
6. In the classical Chinese reading after class, you don't have to be nervous when you encounter words you can't understand or unexpected. Contact the context, combine the plot of the story (article), understand (guess) its meaning, bring the words into the article to understand, and remember that translation is inseparable from the article. If there are comments under the selected text, be sure to make full use of the prompt function of the comments.
7. Pay attention to the induction and generalization of the main contents of the selected text in the reading of the paragraphs in class. If you are within your own review and control, you can of course answer questions by memory; If your review is not in place or your memory is unclear, you should carefully read the selected articles to collect and process information, and then make a reasonable and brief statement. After reading classical Chinese, we should pay attention to the understanding of the truth contained in the article or the induction and refinement of the personality characteristics of the characters in the article.
From the form of examination, the common examination methods are mainly single reading, and some arrange comparative reading or link reading between paragraphs and poems. The article is selected by combining in-class and out-of-class methods.
Judging from the examination questions in recent years, famous articles such as Zou Ji satirize adjustable education, Yueyang Tower, Drunk Pavilion and so on have a high selection rate. The requirement for reading classical Chinese in Curriculum Standard is: "Reading simple classical Chinese, you can understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books."
The selection of classical Chinese reading materials for senior high school entrance examination must be "easy", and the understanding of "easy" should be: most words in the text belong to common content words and function words. Even if there are a few rare words or uncommon allusions in the selected text, notes will be arranged to reduce the difficulty, so that candidates can "jump and pick the fruit" on the basis of learning classical Chinese in junior high school. Question analysis and problem-solving strategies: The common test sites and questions in classical Chinese prose are nothing more than word explanation, sentence breaking, sentence translation, induction of meaning, writing analysis, evaluation of characters and works, etc.
Here are some suggestions for reviewing and solving problems: 1. Explain the meaning of words accurately. Pay attention to the use of annotations, the knowledge of real words and function words accumulated at ordinary times, use extended association and association to group words, and confirm the meaning of words in contextual language environment.
2. Translate sentences correctly and smoothly. To translate sentences, first, the content should be correct and in line with the meaning of the text; Secondly, the translated sentences should be expressed accurately, appropriately and fluently.
3. Summarize the meaning. Often through the way of filling in the blanks and answering questions, the level of the article, the characteristics of the scenery and the main points of the content (for example, Wuhan Volume 10: What are the main aspects of Nian Gengyao's good use of troops? Please summarize it briefly.
Jilin Volume 15: Please summarize the anecdote of Fan Zhongyan's reading in this article in concise language), the personality characteristics and emotional attitude of the characters, the significance of the works, the reading experience and so on. This is the most frequently examined point besides word interpretation and sentence translation.
When answering, you must pay attention to it. On the basis of reading the full text, you should be good at grasping the nuances, screening important information and summarizing the main points. At the same time, we should scrutinize the accuracy of the answer language, and strive to be impartial, impartial and to the point. 4. Contrast reading.
This is a common question type in recent years. Commonly used is the comparison of two materials, and the relevant points of the materials generally lie in the subject matter, theme, characters, techniques, social significance and so on.
Some of them are mainly essays in class, with links to extracurricular related materials (for example, Zou Ji in Changzhou, Jiangsu satirizes Qi Wang Chabr, Zou Ji is the same as Hou Shi, and Huangshi in Hubei and Zhuge Liang's family affairs); Have a plenty of landscape travel notes (Three Gorges and Liuzhou Zhushu in Guangxi); Some articles written by the same author in different scenic spots (such as Yuan Hongdao's Travel Notes of Man Jing and Hubei Qianjiang Tiger Hill); Some use two materials related to the theme (for example, Shandong Binzhou, Yan Zi's "Advising Gong Jing", and Fujian Xiamen use two materials to reward the lotus). Comparative reading is just a form. There is a complementary or mutually reinforcing relationship between two or more materials. Some are propositions from the * * * aspects of the two articles, and some are separate propositions. The topic is irrelevant, and there is no comparability between materials. The latter is only a supplement to the former in content or quantity.
The test center is basically the same as the single test. 5. Expand the migration.
In order to make the past serve the present and apply what they have learned, propositions often examine the evaluation of prose themes and characters' thoughts and feelings, and ask candidates to talk about some opinions in connection with reality. To solve this kind of problem, we should be good at reading the excellent ideological quality of characters from ancient historical materials, reading the precious humanistic spirit from events, and evaluating its social significance with a developmental eye. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the limitations of the times, make proper choices and discard them reasonably.
6. Writing analysis. Including language taste, rhetoric appreciation, structural analysis, article style interpretation and so on.
When answering questions, try to use the texts you have learned and the training questions Lenovo has done to draw inferences and seek answers. Reading Classical Chinese (1) Read the following and answer the questions.
"Zuiweng Pavilion" is surrounded by mountains. There are peaks, forests and valleys in its southwest.
2. I want to ask the best answer to the problem of reading classical Chinese in junior high school and the basic knowledge that should be mastered.
It is best to read the article in a hurry. It is very important to seize the time to show the quality in the examination room. I suggest reading the questions behind the ancient prose twice first, both subjectively and objectively, and then reading the article. This is more targeted. It is also better to see the topic clearly. For example, what people ask for is probably (no). . . . And candidates are easy to make friends with. . . . should be
It should be noted that I have been there before and read function words when reading ancient Chinese, because the investigation of function words is the key project of classical Chinese. Secondly, I don't want to see a large area of stage fright in ancient Chinese. Don't worry, everyone is taking the same test. Ancient Chinese exams are generally outside the textbook, and no one has studied them. Don't be pressured to relax and keep a clear head.
Wish you success! help me
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3. The investigation of classical Chinese answering skills in junior middle school should belong to "easy" in terms of "difficulty".
Usually examine the following aspects:
1. Can correctly understand the meaning of words in classical Chinese.
2. Be able to correctly translate classical Chinese sentences into modern Chinese.
3. Be able to understand and summarize the main contents of the article.
4. Be able to grasp the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the article and improve the taste of appreciation.
Just recite the in-class part in a targeted way.
Extracurricular problem solving methods are as follows:
Four steps to solve the problem of reading classical Chinese after class
Reading classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination is bound to get extra-curricular language materials. What should I do if I have never read a paragraph or an article and have no reference books to look up? Many people feel helpless when answering such questions. Summarize the four steps to solve the problem for your reference only.
first step
Quickly browse the topic
The extracurricular reading questions of classical Chinese have a characteristic: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text, while others suggest the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing the topics helps students to understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving the extracurricular classical Chinese reading essay, we should first quickly browse the topics after the essay.
Second step
Analyze the topic carefully
Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese after class will lead to problems. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to and carefully analyze paragraph titles. Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese. For example, in an exam, I took an extracurricular reading essay in classical Chinese. The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph, and we can know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, a careful analysis of the title of a paragraph can help us quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese.
Third step
Read the full text quickly with comments
When reading a passage of classical Chinese after class, some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately. Therefore, teachers should remind students not to ignore these notes, but to read the full text quickly with them. In addition, it should be noted that teachers should remind students not to stop and think hard when they encounter obstacles in the process of reading the full text, but to continue reading. In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article.
Fourth step
Answer the question with "the right medicine"
There are three types of reading problems in extracurricular classical Chinese, namely, word interpretation, sentence translation and content understanding. Different problems are solved in different ways:
(1) Word explanation questions. Most of these topics examine the phenomenon of polysemy of notional words in classical Chinese, which are basically learned by students in classical Chinese in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese that we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer.
(2) Sentence translation questions. Translated sentences should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation). When translating sentences, we should pay attention to the following problems: first, proper nouns such as year number, person name, place name, official name, object name, book title and country name should be kept as they are, and no translation is needed. For example, in the spring of four years (year number), Teng (name) was appointed to guard Baling County (place name). In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted to Baling County Order. Second, words that have no practical meaning in the sentence should be deleted. For example, "Chen Shengshen is from Yangcheng" and "this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... ) is different from that in modern Chinese, so we should make appropriate adjustments in translation. For example, "Sorry, you don't like it!" "Your mental deficiency is too serious. Fourthly, if the translated sentence is ellipsis, the omitted elements should be supplemented. For example: "Uncle Naidan said' Chen' (ellipsis)." They wrote the word "Chen" on the silk with vermilion.
(3) Content comprehension questions. There are three ways to solve this kind of problem: one is to quote the original sentence to answer; Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer; Third, organize written answers in your own words. Among the three methods, the accuracy of the first and second methods is generally higher.
4. Junior high school classical Chinese answering skills Original Publishing House: images of ancient poetry
The study of classical Chinese should be "easy" in terms of difficulty. Generally, the following aspects are investigated: 1. Can correctly understand the meaning of classical Chinese words. 2. Be able to correctly translate classical Chinese sentences into modern Chinese. 3. Be able to understand and summarize the main contents of the article. 4. Be able to grasp the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the article and improve the taste of appreciation. Just recite the in-class part in a targeted way. Extracurricular problem-solving methods are as follows: four steps to solve problems in extracurricular reading of classical Chinese: reading classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination will inevitably get extracurricular language materials. What should I do if I have never read a paragraph or an article and have no reference books to look up? Many students feel helpless when answering such questions. According to my own teaching practice, I summarized four steps to solve problems for students' reference only. The first step is to browse the topic quickly. There is a characteristic in the extracurricular reading questions of classical Chinese: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text, while others suggest the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing the topics helps students to understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving the extracurricular classical Chinese reading essay, we should first quickly browse the topics after the essay. The second step is to analyze the topic carefully. Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese paragraphs after class will give you questions. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to and carefully analyze paragraph titles. Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese. For example, in an exam, I took an extracurricular reading essay in classical Chinese. The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph, and we can know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, a careful analysis of the title of a paragraph can help us quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese. The third step is to read the full-text extracurricular classical Chinese with notes, and generally annotate some difficult classical Chinese words. These notes help students to accurately understand the main idea of classical Chinese.
5. junior high school Chinese reading answering skills I am a Chinese teacher. Trust me, take it. I hope it helps you. 1. Descriptive questioning method: Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Or: Can a sentence in the article be described as another sentence? Why? Answer: No.
Because this word is vivid and concrete (vivid and accurate), it is written as+object+effect, and it becomes+bad effect after being changed. Or: no, because this word has stronger feelings than another word (or this word is more suitable for the personality characteristics of the object than another word).
Ex.: There are dense forests in the mountains, in which springs are hidden. Sometimes, the spring water flashes across a bright lake in the sparse forest, and looking forward, it is no longer available. That half-exposed charming attitude reminds me that my beloved daughter often walks around my knees at home.
Every time I reach out, she will run away and raise her smiling face to tease me; When I pretended to be indifferent, she ran quietly close to my waist. What a naughty boy! (Excerpted from Xie Daguang's Dinghushan Listening to Springs) Q: "What a naughty child", why not say "What a lovely child"? Answer: Because "good" is more emotional than "true", "naughty" is more suitable for a daughter's personality characteristics than "cute".
Structural question: Can the order of two or three words be reversed? Why? Answer: No, because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from the superficial to the deep, from the surface to the inside, from the phenomenon to the essence) (2) the words correspond to the above one by one (3) these words are progressive and interlocking, expressing ... Example: "Remember: people who want to take advantage often can't take advantage!" The father pointed to the poached egg in the bowl and warned his son ... "Remember, people who want to take advantage may suffer!" The father pointed to the egg and taught his son, "Don't want to take advantage, life won't make him suffer!" " "The father said meaningfully to his son.
(Excerpted from poached eggs) Q: Can the order of the words "exhortation", "lesson" and "meaningful" be reversed? Why? A: No, because these three words are progressive and express the love of the father for his son.
Rhetorical question: What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What are the advantages of writing like this in expression? Answer: confirm rhetorical devices+the function of rhetoric itself+combine sentence context 1. Metaphor personification: vivid writing+object+characteristics. 2. parallelism: imposing manner, strengthening tone, and doing it in one go; Spread out layer by layer, gradually expand and strengthen the theme; Emphasis+object+feature 3. Contrast: emphasize ... highlight ... 6. emphasize. Repeat: emphasize+strengthen the tone. For example, this legend about bosom friends more than two thousand years ago has been deeply cherished in the hearts of countless Chinese descendants, and sometimes it makes a subtle sound, which makes people chew happily; Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly.
Enthusiasm and longing are full of lofty friendship, what a pure and sacred sentiment. (Excerpted from the national volume "Talking about Friends" in 2002) Q: How do you understand this passage? "Sometimes it makes a subtle sound and chews the aftertaste happily; Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly? A: Rhetorical devices such as metaphor and analogy are used here to vividly express the aesthetic feeling and stimulating effect brought by The Legend of Companion.
Question about the layout of the article: Question method: What is the function of a sentence (paragraph) in the article? Answer: 1. Foreword: the opening point; Take care of the problem; The full text of the general manager; Render the atmosphere and pave the way; Set suspense as the auxiliary bedding behind. 2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; Echoing the previous article.
3. At the end of the article: point out the center; Sublimate feelings and deepen the theme; Take care of the beginning and have a rigorous structure; Make the finishing point; The lines are full of meaning. I'm afraid of my father. He really hit me.
Seeing his eyes wide open, he approached step by step, but he dared not hide. He tensed his muscles and waited, so he patted him and his head buzzed ... (from Han Yu's Fear between Father and Son) Q: Please analyze the role of the first natural paragraph (that is, the above paragraph) in the work. Answer: (1) as a foil to write my father's love for "I" below; (2) To pave the way for writing father's fear of "I" at the end of the article; (3) Take care of the topic of "fear between father and son".
Third, the question about expression: artistic questioning method: What are the benefits, effects and functions of writing this article? Answer mode: method+content+effect (or function) answer example: the trend of generations of Chinese descendants traveling to the sea has its own distinct background, color and connotation, which cannot be generalized, but it is a silhouette of the ups and downs of the times and the splashing of waves in the mighty progress of history. The cohesion of national centripetal force does not depend on geographical distance.
Our first generation of overseas Chinese put up with hardships and sent them abroad to have children, but they have been looking forward to China for generations and never forget the feelings of Sangzi. They all gave generously when the motherland needed it. Hong Kong Island, from ordinary residents to owners, gentlemen, gentlemen and celebrities of Hanyuan, enthusiastically donated money to the mainland, sharing weal and woe and showing solidarity and friendship. This is a touching example.
Q: The fourth paragraph of this article (that is, the above) describes the trend of generations of descendants of the Yellow Emperor traveling far and wide, praising them for their love for Mori Zi and their generosity, which is closely related to the motherland. Please combine the complex and analyze the function and benefits of this writing.
A: Raising the local complex to the height of national cohesion has enriched and deepened the meaning of the local complex. It specifically shows that the local complex will not be diluted because of the long time (history) and the barrier of space (geography).
It not only takes care of the beginning, but also deepens the theme of this article. Personal question: What are the advantages of this personal writing? Or: Why change this person? Answer mode: first person: cordial, natural and true, suitable for psychological description; The second person said: it is convenient for emotional communication, lyrical and anthropomorphic; The third person: it is objective and calm, not limited by time and space, and easy to describe and discuss.
For example, fantasy is fantasy after all, and closure cannot be closed. How many ghosts of Princess Fan, wearing rings.
6. Methods and skills of reading classical Chinese in junior high school If your classical Chinese foundation is poor, first of all, you should read more extracurricular classical Chinese and try to translate it yourself. If you can't, you can discuss it with the teacher (don't be embarrassed, the teacher welcomes your questions). Then, you should buy a workbook about classical Chinese. Do an article every day. If not, you can ask people around you. Never copy the answer, because it won't work. This may not be effective at first, but we must stick to it. I believe that in a short time, your level of classical Chinese will be improved quickly. Note: If you want to learn classical Chinese well, it depends on your attitude. If you really want to learn it well, just follow the above steps and your grades will definitely improve. Because I was also a student, classical Chinese was very poor at that time. This is the method that the teacher taught me, which is really useful. I hope that after reading my suggestions, your classical Chinese will be improved. To sum it up. When reading classical Chinese, you should always write down disyllabic words, polysemous words and special sentence patterns. When reading classical Chinese, as long as a word has a second pronunciation, a word has a second explanation, and a sentence structure is different from modern Chinese, it is necessary to copy it down in time and summarize it.