Mathematics competitions are generally organized by provincial divisions in accordance with the notice of the Organizing Committee of the National Senior High School Mathematics League, and all schools are unified to the teaching and research sections (or mathematics societies) of local (city) education bureaus to register. China Mathematical Olympics, also known as "National Senior High School Mathematics League", was founded in 198 1. Approved by the Ministry of Education, it is a traditional competition organized by the China Association for Science and Technology and sponsored by the Chinese Mathematical Society. The league is held in September every year, divided into a trial and a second trial.

Every year, about 1200 students across the country win the first prize in the provincial division of the National Senior High School Mathematics League, among which more than 200 students are invited to participate in the annual China Mathematics Olympics (National Middle School Students' Mathematics Winter Camp). The top 60 players with the highest scores in the winter camp formed the China National Training Team that participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad that year.