Claudius Ptolemy (about 90- 168) was born in Ptolemy, Egypt. He is a mathematician, astronomer, geographer and astrologer. Claudius Ptolemy is a Greek and Roman citizen who lives in Egypt and writes in Greek. One of his satirical poems was included in Selected Poems of Greece. He lives in Roman Egypt. According to legend, he was born in Ptolemy Hermes in Thebes, Egypt. However, this view was not put forward until14th century, and it was not widely supported.

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Claudius Ptolemy, a geocentric master, was born in Egypt to Greek parents. In A.D. 127, the young Ptolemy was sent to Alexandria to study. There, he read a lot of books and studied astronomy and geodesy. He lived in Alexandria for a long time until 15 1. There are few records about his life in the history books.

Ptolemy believes that geography is a linear description of the whole known area of the earth and everything related to it, that is, drawing graphics and replacing geographical description with place names and survey lists. He used Percy donis's wrong map of the circumference of the earth in the Geographic Guide, and added errors when drawing the eastward extension of land. Imagine the inhabited world as a continuous land mass surrounded by some basins, and show on the map that there is an unknown southern continent south of the Indian Ocean.

It was not until the expedition of British explorer J Cook in the18th century that this mistake was eliminated. In the Geographic Guide, he also proposed two new map projections: conic projection and spherical projection.