First, strengthen ideological education and pay attention to calculation errors. Students who don't pay attention to calculation tend to have coping thoughts, and always attribute their mistakes to carelessness. Teachers should strengthen ideological education to make students understand that there are many factors that cause calculation errors, not just carelessness, so that students can pay enough attention to their thoughts. Second, insist on training and cultivate short-term memory ability. Short-term memory is indispensable for oral and written calculations. Some calculation errors are caused by students' short-term memory. Short-term memory plays an important role in primary school students' mathematics learning and the development of mathematics ability. Oral arithmetic is the best way to train students' short-term memory ability. Therefore, in daily teaching, we should strengthen the basic training of oral calculation and gradually achieve proficiency. Third, strengthen operational capacity 1. Strengthen the operational order. Students have fixed thinking, careless examination of questions, and easy to make mistakes in operation order. Students are required not to be afraid of difficulties when encountering complex problems, but to look at the operation numbers and symbols calmly and calmly, and then start calculation after determining the operation order. 2. Strengthen the memory of special values. Students should memorize the commonly used numbers in calculation on the basis of understanding, which can greatly improve the accuracy and speed of calculation. 3. Strengthen the estimation and judgment of operation results. Checking calculation is an important measure to prevent mistakes. There are many checking methods, and it is the simplest one to judge the rationality of the operation result through estimation. It is true that estimation can only see obvious errors and cannot replace calculation and inspection, but the combination of estimation and various inspection methods can check efficiency. 4. Strengthen operational skills. Simple calculation is beneficial to cultivate students' flexibility and agility in thinking and improve their computing ability. To strengthen the calculation skills, students are required to observe the characteristics of numbers, operation symbols and formulas when doing problems, rationally use the operation rules or properties, and consciously carry out simple calculations. Fourthly, it is an effective means to consolidate the known and form a new cognitive structure by carefully designing exercises and breaking the mindset. There are both connections and differences between various calculations in primary school mathematics. Therefore, in the process of calculation teaching, we should design targeted exercises according to the teaching objectives and the actual situation of students. For those topics with similar shapes and easy to make mistakes, we should organize comparative exercises to improve students' comparative identification level. Fifth, pay attention to non-intellectual factors and develop good study habits. Ask students to examine the questions carefully and see every data and operation symbol in the questions clearly. Ask students to read the numbers and operation symbols in the questions clearly, so as to avoid mistakes such as copying wrong numbers and symbols. 2. Writing habits. In the calculation process, the handwriting should be neat and tidy, the format should meet the requirements, and the calculation should be correct and reasonable. It requires neat handwriting, standardized format, correct and fast calculation, and reasonable and flexible methods. 3. The habit of drafting. Urge students to form the habit of making drafts when doing math problems. The draft should be written neatly and vertically for easy inspection. 4. The habit of checking. Most students' inspection is passive, so students should be made aware of the importance of inspection and become students' conscious behavior. We should teach students the methods of checking, such as repeated algorithm, inverse algorithm, estimation method and substitution method, so that students can form the habit of checking and improve the accuracy of calculation. In short, in order to effectively prevent students from making calculation errors and improve their calculation ability, we must attach importance to the analysis and research of students' errors and take targeted prevention, so as to effectively improve students' calculation ability.