Hua

Hua,19101012, a native of Jintan, Jiangsu. His father makes a living by running a grocery store. When he was young, he liked to use his brain. Because he is too absorbed in thinking, he is often nicknamed "Luo nerd" by his peers. After he entered Jintan junior high school, his mathematical talent was discovered by teacher Wang Weike and cultivated as much as possible. After graduating from junior high school, Hua went to Shanghai China Vocational School, but dropped out of school because he couldn't afford the tuition, so he only had a junior high school diploma for life.

After that, I started tenacious self-study and reached 10 hours every day. It took him five years to finish all the math courses in high school and junior college. 1928, he was unfortunately infected with typhoid fever, and he survived under the care of his new wife, but his left leg was disabled. At the age of 20, he caused a sensation in the field of mathematics with a paper and was invited to work by Tsinghua University.

From 193 1, Hua worked and studied in Tsinghua University, and completed all the courses in the Department of Mathematics in one and a half years. He taught himself English, French and German. After publishing three papers in foreign magazines, he was appointed as a teaching assistant. 1In the summer of 936, Hua was sent to Cambridge University in England for further study, and published more than ten papers in two years, which was appreciated by the international mathematics community. From 65438 to 0938, Hua returned from a visit to Britain and served as Professor The National SouthWest Associated University. In a small attic like a cowshed on the outskirts of Kunming, he struggled to write the famous book "The Theory of Prime Number of Stacking Bases". 1March, 946, invited to visit the Soviet Union. After returning home, despite the restrictions of the reactionary authorities, he gave the youth a report on his "visit to the Soviet Union in March" in Kunming. 1946 In September, Hua went to the United States to give lectures at the invitation of Princeton University, and was hired as a tenured professor by the University of Illinois from 1948. Soon, my wife came to America with her three sons to reunite with her.

1949, Hua resolutely gave up her comfortable life and returned to the motherland with her family. 1March, 950, went to Beijing, and later served as the head of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University and the director of the Institute of Mathematics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the 1950s, under the academic atmosphere of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, he wrote a lot, and also discovered and trained mathematics talents such as Wang Yuan and Chen Jingrun. 1956, he set out to build the Institute of Computational Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences. 65438-0958: Vice President of China University of Science and Technology and Head of the Department of Mathematics. From 1960, China began to popularize the overall planning method and optimization method in industrial and agricultural production, covering 27 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, creating huge material wealth and economic benefits. 1978 served as vice president of China Academy of Sciences in March, and joined the Party the following year.

In his later years, despite his advanced age and lack of physical strength, Hua was still fighting in the front line of construction. He was also invited to give lectures in Europe, America and Hong Kong for many times, and was awarded honorary doctorates by Nancy University in France, the University of Illinois in the United States and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was also elected as a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences by a unanimous vote of 1984. 1June 2, 985, died of a heart attack while giving an academic report in Tokyo, Japan, at the age of 74.

Zu Chongzhi (429 ~ 500)

China was a mathematician, astronomer and physicist in the Southern Dynasties. Fan was born in (now Laishui, Hebei Province).

Zu Chongzhi (429-500) had a grandfather named Zuchang, who was an official in charge of royal architecture in Song Dynasty. Zu Chongzhi grew up in such a family and learned a lot from childhood. People all praise him as a knowledgeable young man. He especially likes studying mathematics, and he also likes studying astronomical calendars. He often observes the movements of the sun and planets and makes detailed records.

When Emperor Xiaowu of Song heard of his fame, he sent him to work in a government office specializing in academic research in Hualin Province. He is not interested in being an official, but he can concentrate more on mathematics and astronomy there.

There have been officials who studied astronomy in all previous dynasties in our country. They made calendars according to the results of astronomical research. By the Song Dynasty, the calendar had made great progress, but Zu Chongzhi thought it was not accurate enough. Based on his long-term observation, he created a new calendar called "Daming Calendar" ("Daming" is the title of Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty). The number of days in each tropical year measured by this calendar (that is, the time between winter and sun in two years) is only 50 seconds different from that measured by modern science; It takes less than one second to measure the number of days for the moon to make one revolution, which shows its accuracy.

Euclid, the father of geometry

The geometry we are studying now was founded by the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid (330 BC-275 BC). The Elements of Geometry, written by him in 300 BC, has been regarded as the standard textbook for studying geometry for more than 2,000 years, so Euclid is called the father of geometry.

Born in Athens, Euclid accepted Greek classical mathematics and various scientific cultures and became a famous scholar at the age of 30. At the invitation of the king of Egypt, he stayed in Alexandria to teach and do research.

Mathematics research in ancient Greece has a very long history, and there have been some works on geometry, but all of them discuss a certain aspect and the content is not systematic enough. Euclid collected predecessors' achievements and adopted an unprecedented and unique writing method. First, he put forward definitions, axioms and postulates, then proved a series of theorems from simple to complex, and discussed plane figures and three-dimensional figures, as well as integers, fractions and proportions. , finally completed the masterpiece "Geometry".

After the publication of the original, its manuscript has been circulated for 1800 years. After 1482 was printed and published, it was reprinted about 1000 times, and it was also translated into major languages in the world. /kloc-was introduced to China in the 3rd century and soon lost. The first six volumes were retranslated in 1607, and the last nine volumes were retranslated in 1857.

Euclid was good at solving complex problems with simple methods. He measured the length of the shadow of the pyramid at the moment when the figure of a person was just equal to the height, and solved the big problem of the height of the pyramid that no one could solve at that time. He said: "At this time, the length of the tower shadow is the height of the pyramid."

Euclid was a gentle and honest educator. Euclid was also a rigorous scholar. He opposes opportunism and the pursuit of fame and fortune in his studies, and the style of opportunism and quick success. Although Euclid simplified his geometry, the king (Ptolemy) still didn't understand and wanted to find a shortcut to learn geometry. Euclid said: "In geometry, everyone can only take one road, and there is no paved road for the king." This sentence has become an eternal learning motto. Once, one of his students asked him, what are the benefits of studying geometry? He said humorously to his servant, "Give him three coins because he wants to get real benefits from his study."

Euclid also wrote the known number and division of numbers.

The story of mathematicians-Vedas

Vedas (1540- 1603), French mathematician. When I was young, I studied law, worked as a lawyer, later engaged in political activities, worked as a member of parliament, and deciphered enemy codes for the government during the Spanish War. David is also devoted to mathematical research. He was the first to consciously and systematically use letters to represent known numbers, unknowns and their powers, which brought great progress in algebraic theory research. David discussed various rational transformations of equation roots and found the relationship between equation roots and fractions. David is known as the "father of algebra" in Europe. 1579, David published "Mathematical Laws Applied to Triangle", and also found that this is the first analytical expression of π.

His major works include Introduction to Analysis, Identification and Correction of Equations, Analysis in Five Chapters, Mathematical Laws Applied to Triangle, etc. Because of his outstanding contribution, he became the most outstanding mathematician in France in the16th century.

The story of mathematicians-Yang Hui

Yang Hui was an outstanding mathematician and mathematical educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/3rd century, he was active in Suzhou and Hangzhou with many works.

His famous math books have five kinds and 21 volumes. He has written twelve volumes (126 1 year), two volumes (1262), three volumes (1274) and two volumes (field ratio multiplication and division algorithm).

The focus of Yang Hui's mathematical research and education work is computing technology. He summed up and developed agile algorithms for calculating multiplication and division, and some even made up songs, such as Nine Centralized Decisions. In his Algorithm for Extracting Odds from Ancient Times, he introduced various forms of "vertical and horizontal graphs" and related construction methods. "Overlap" was Yang Hui's research on higher-order arithmetic progression after Shen Kuo's "Gap Product". In Classification, Yang Hui reclassified 246 problems in Nine Chapters of Arithmetic into nine categories according to the order of solving problems from shallow to deep, such as multiplication and division, division rate, coincidence rate, exchange, quadratic decline, overlapping product, surplus and deficiency, equation, Pythagorean and so on.

He attaches great importance to the popularization and development of mathematics education. Under the background of algorithm reform, Yang Hui's Learning Plan for Beginners is an important document in the history of Chinese mathematics education.

The story of mathematicians-Pythagoras

Pythagoras (about 580 -500 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He founded a secret society of politics, religion and mathematics-Pythagoras School in Crotone, southern Italy. They attach great importance to mathematics and try to explain everything with mathematics. Pythagoras himself is famous for discovering Pythagoras theorem (called Pythagoras theorem in the west). In fact, Babylonians and China knew this theorem for a long time, but the earliest proof can be attributed to Pythagoras school.

The school also found that if it is odd, it constitutes three sides of a right triangle, which is actually what we call Pythagoras number. This school divides natural numbers into several categories: odd number, even number, perfect number (that is, the number equal to the sum of all factors including 1 but excluding itself), relative number, triangular number (1, 3, 6, 10 ...) and square number (1, 4).

They also discovered five regular polyhedrons, which made many contributions to astronomy and music theory. His thoughts and theories have a great influence on Greek culture.

Pythagoras (about 580 -500 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He founded a secret society of politics, religion and mathematics-Pythagoras School in Crotone, southern Italy. They attach great importance to mathematics and try to explain everything with mathematics. Pythagoras himself is famous for discovering Pythagoras theorem (called Pythagoras theorem in the west). In fact, Babylonians and China knew this theorem for a long time, but the earliest proof can be attributed to Pythagoras school.

The school also found that if it is odd, it constitutes three sides of a right triangle, which is actually what we call Pythagoras number. This school divides natural numbers into several categories: odd number, even number, perfect number (that is, the number equal to the sum of all its factors including 1 but excluding itself), relative number, triangular number (1, 3, 6, 10 ...) and square number (1, 4).

They also discovered five regular polyhedrons, which made many contributions to astronomy and music theory. His thoughts and theories have a great influence on Greek culture.

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Stories of famous mathematical figures

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