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Second, cloze

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fill (up) a vacancy

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Fourth, sentence pattern transformation.

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This part of the extended materials mainly examines the knowledge points of the verb ing form:

The verb v-ing (V -ing) includes gerund and present participle in traditional grammar. The verb -ing has the characteristics of both verbs and nouns, adjectives and adverbs, so it can be used as subject, predicative, attributive, object, object complement and adverbial in a sentence.

As an attribute, a single participle is placed before the modified noun. The participle phrase is placed after the attribute, and there is a logical subject-predicate relationship between the noun and the present participle. This is one of the ways to distinguish present participle from gerund.

When some present participles are used as attributes, they no longer express actions, but change from participles to adjective parts of speech, such as interesting stories and a wonderful game. These can also belong to the present participle as attributive, but they cannot be converted into corresponding attributive clauses, but they can have three levels of changes (the highest level of the original comparative degree) and can be modified by adverbs such as extraordinary.