Physical principle

Our city's 20 15 junior high school physics exam, when reviewing before the exam, according to the test content and requirements specified in this description.

First, the examination guiding ideology

The Physical Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education (Revised Edition) formulated by the Ministry of Education (hereinafter referred to as the Physical Curriculum Standard).

1. Physics academic examination should reflect the evaluation concept of curriculum standards, which is conducive to guiding and promoting physics teaching, fully implementing the curriculum objectives set by curriculum standards, improving students' learning methods, and comprehensively and effectively evaluating students' learning status in high school.

2. Physics academic examination should not only pay attention to the evaluation of the results and process of students' learning physics knowledge and skills, but also pay attention to the development of students' thinking ability and problem-solving ability, especially the comprehensive application of what they have learned in specific situations, and also pay attention to the evaluation of students' physical understanding level.

3. The physics academic examination proposition is for all students, so that students with different cognitive characteristics and different development levels can express their learning status, and strive to evaluate students' development through physics learning in junior high school education fairly, objectively, comprehensively and accurately.

Second, the examination content and requirements

(A) the principle of proposition

1. is conducive to implementing the national education policy and promoting quality education in primary and secondary schools. The content of the examination is based on the curriculum standards and embodies the foundation.

2. It is conducive to embodying the essence of nine-year compulsory education, comprehensively improving the quality of education and embodying fairness.

3. It is conducive to promoting the curriculum reform of primary and secondary schools, cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability, reducing students' excessive burden, and promoting students' lively and active learning. Reflect the reality, scientificity and effectiveness of the test questions.

(2) Examination scope

The examination scope of physics subjects is the content standard stipulated in the physics curriculum standard formulated by the Ministry of Education.

(3) Specific content and target requirements

The examination content is divided into three parts: matter, movement and interaction, and energy. The degree of mastery of the content requirements of each part is marked with letters A, B, C and D in "Examination Content and Examination Requirements" according to the content requirements of each part in the curriculum standard, with the following meanings:

Answer: Understand and recognize the contents of the listed knowledge. Can describe the basic characteristics of objects, illustrate them with examples, and identify or identify them in related problems.

B: Know the contents of the listed knowledge. Can master the internal logical connection of knowledge and can be used to analyze and solve simple problems. For example, explain simple physical phenomena, distinguish different concepts and make simple calculations.

C: It is required to complete the experimental operation independently. Will use the instrument correctly and try to adjust and improve the experiment.

D: Experiencing experimental exploration, establishing perceptual knowledge, expressing opinions and feelings, making plans, designing experiments, collecting evidence, analyzing and demonstrating as required, and forming scientific values.

(D) junior high school convergence requirements

There is an obvious gradient in the content and thinking ability of junior and senior high school textbooks. Students' learning methods and habits, mathematics knowledge and problem-solving ability can't meet the requirements of physics teaching in senior high school, and so on ... This will inevitably cause many students not to adapt to high school learning. Therefore, it is very important to guide the knowledge, ability and methods of physics learning in junior and senior high schools.

To do a good job in the connection of junior and senior high school knowledge, we should do the following:

1. Pay attention to the research of teaching materials and teaching methods. Studying teaching difficulties, setting reasonable teaching levels, implementing appropriate teaching methods, lowering "steps", protecting students' enthusiasm for learning physics, and enabling students to establish confidence in learning physics well;

2. Teaching should adhere to the principle of gradual and spiral rise. Knowledge should be gradually expanded and deepened, and ability should be gradually improved;

3. Explain the concepts and laws of physics clearly, so that students can master complete basic knowledge and cultivate physical thinking ability. Ability is gradually cultivated in the process of acquiring and applying knowledge. In the teaching of cohesion, we should first strengthen the teaching of basic concepts and laws, and attach importance to the process of establishing concepts and laws.

4. Pay attention to the establishment of physical concepts and the training of physical methods. Establishing physical model is an important way to cultivate abstract thinking ability and establish image thinking. By explaining the process of establishing physical concepts and laws, students can understand this method of studying physical problems; Cultivate students' ability to establish and apply physical models by applying laws, and realize knowledge transfer;

5. Strengthen the cultivation of students' good study habits. First of all, we should cultivate students' habit and ability of independent thinking; ② Cultivate students' self-study ability and make them have the ability of lifelong learning; ③ Cultivate students' good study habits of previewing before class, reviewing before homework and summarizing in time; ④ Cultivate students' good thinking habits; ⑤ Emphasize scientific memory and oppose rote learning.

(V) Examination form

Closed book and written test. The first question in the test is entitled multiple-choice questions, and the rest are non-multiple-choice questions. The answer must be written on the answer sheet.

Third, the examination paper structure

(A) the problem structure

Examination time: 80 minutes. Full score of the test paper: 70 points.

Basic questions: multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blank questions, drawing questions, experimental questions, inquiry questions and calculation questions.

(B) the content structure

The proportion of each part of the examination content is: mechanics, electricity (magnetism) accounts for about 70%, and others account for about 30%.

(C) the difficulty structure

The proportion of easy questions, medium questions and difficult questions is 5: 3: 2.

The examination contents and requirements refer to the compulsory education physics curriculum standards.

Fourth, examples of questions

Example 1 As shown in the figure, the length of the block is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cm.

Observing the scale in the figure, we can find that the scale value is 1.3mm, and "2cm" is the zero scale line selected during measurement. When reading, you should estimate the scale along "4cm and 9mm" (maybe your estimated value is different), so the length of the object is 4.93cm. ..

Answer 2.93?