Probability, also known as "probability", reflects the probability of random events. Random events refer to events that may or may not occur under the same conditions. For example, it is a random event to randomly select one from a batch of goods with genuine products and defective products, and "what is extracted is genuine products".
Suppose a random phenomenon is tested and observed n times, in which event A appears m times, that is, its frequency is m/n. After a lot of repeated experiments, m/n is often closer to a constant (see Bernoulli's law of large numbers for details). This constant is the probability of the occurrence of event A, which is usually expressed by P(A).
The first person to calculate the probability systematically was cardano in the 6th century/kloc-0. It is recorded in his book LiberdeLudoAleae. The content of probability in the book was translated from Latin by Gould.
Cardano's mathematical works contain many suggestions for gamblers. These suggestions are all written in the essay. However, it was in a series of letters between Pascal and Fermat that a systematic study of probability was first put forward. These communications were originally put forward by Pascal, who wanted to ask Fermat some questions about Chevalier Degmer.
ChevvalierdeMere is a famous writer, an outstanding figure in the court of Louis XIV and an avid gambler. There are two main problems: the problem of rolling dice and the problem of bonus distribution in the competition.
Probability is a numerical value to measure the possibility of accidental events. If the experiment is repeated many times (denoted by X), the accidental event (denoted by A) appears many times (denoted by Y). Take X as the denominator and Y as the numerator to form a numerical value (denoted by P). In many experiments, P is relatively stable at a certain value, and P is called the probability of a certain occurrence.
If the probability of accidental events is determined through long-term observation or a large number of repeated experiments, it is statistical probability or empirical probability.
The discipline that studies the internal laws governing accidental events is called probability theory. It belongs to a branch of mathematics. Probability theory reveals the manifestation of the inherent law contained in accidental phenomena.
Therefore, probability plays an important role in people's understanding of natural and social phenomena. For example, it is necessary to use probability theory to determine how much social products should be deducted before being distributed to personal consumption and how much accumulation should account for in national income.