1, Archimedes Archimedes (287 BC-2 BC12), a great philosopher in ancient Greece, an encyclopedic scientist, mathematician, physicist, mechanic, the founder of static mechanics and hydrostatics, enjoys the reputation of "the father of mechanics". Archimedes, Gauss and Newton are listed as the three greatest mathematicians in the world. Archimedes once said, "Give me a fulcrum and I can pry up the whole earth." Archimedes established the basic principles of statics and hydrostatics. Several methods for finding the center of gravity of geometric figures are given, including the center of gravity of the figure surrounded by parabola and its parallel chords.

2. C.F. Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1April 30, 777-1February 23, 855, at the age of 77), a Jew, is a famous German mathematician, physicist, astronomer and geodesist, and one of the founders of modern mathematics. Gauss is regarded as one of the most important mathematicians in history and is known as the "prince of mathematics". Gauss ranks alongside Archimedes, Newton and Euler as the four greatest mathematicians in the world. He made great achievements in his life, with 1 10 achievements named after his name "Gauss", which is the highest among mathematicians.

3. Sir isaac newton isaac newton (1643 65438+1October 4-65438+March 3 1 0727), chairman of the Royal Society, a famous British physicist, is an encyclopedic "all-rounder" and author of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and Optics. He described gravity and three laws of motion in the paper "Laws of Nature" published by 1687. These descriptions laid the scientific view of the physical world in the next three centuries and became the basis of modern engineering. By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's law of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the movements of ground objects and celestial bodies all follow the same natural law; It provides strong theoretical support for the sun-centered theory and promotes the scientific revolution.

4. leonhard euler leonhard euler (1April 70715 ~1September 783 18) is a Swiss mathematician and natural scientist. 1707 was born in Basel, Switzerland on April 5, and 1783 died in St. Petersburg, Russia on September 8. Euler was born in a priest's family and was influenced by his father since childhood. /kloc entered university of basel at the age of 0/3, graduated from university at the age of 0/5, and obtained a master's degree at the age of 0/6. Euler is one of the most outstanding figures in the field of mathematics in the18th century. He not only made contributions in the field of mathematics, but also pushed the whole mathematics into the field of physics. He is the most prolific mathematician in the history of mathematics, writing more than 800 pages of papers every year on average. He also wrote a large number of textbooks on mechanics, analysis, geometry and variational methods. Introduction to Differential Analysis, Principles of Differential Calculus and Principles of Integral Calculus have all become classic works in the field of mathematics.

5. Euclid Euclid (English: Euclid; Greek: ε υ κ λ ε ι δ η? 330 BC-275 BC), ancient Greece, mathematician. He was active in Alexandria during the period of Ptolemy I Soter (364 BC-283 BC) and was called "the father of geometry". His most famous book, The Elements of Geometry, is the foundation of European mathematics, and puts forward five postulates, Euclidean Geometry, which is widely regarded as the most successful textbook in history. Euclid also wrote some works about perspective, conic curve, spherical geometry and number theory.

6. Jules Henri Poincaré was a French mathematician, celestial mechanic, mathematical physicist and philosopher of science. 1854 was born in Nancy, France on April 29th, and died in Paris on July 29th, 2002. Poincare's research involves many fields, such as number theory, algebra, geometry, topology, celestial mechanics, mathematical physics, theory of multiple complex variables, philosophy of science and so on. He is recognized as the leading mathematician in the last quarter of the19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and he is also the last person who has a comprehensive understanding of mathematics and its applications.

7. Bernhard Riemann Bernhard Riemann (A.D. 1826- 1866) was a famous German mathematician. He made important contributions to mathematical analysis and differential geometry. He initiated Riemann geometry and provided a mathematical basis for Einstein's general theory of relativity. 2065438+In September 2008, Michael Atia announced the proof of Riemann's conjecture, and on September 24th, Michael Atia posted a preprint of his proof of Riemann's hypothesis (conjecture).

8. alan mathison turing Allen Mathison Turing (19 12 June 23rd-1June 7th, 954), a British mathematician and logician, is known as the father of computer science and artificial intelligence. Turing has made a lot of contributions to the development of artificial intelligence, and put forward a test method to judge whether the machine is intelligent, that is, Turing test. Up to now, there has been a test match every year. In addition, the famous Turing machine model put forward by Turing laid the foundation for the logical working mode of modern computers.

9. Evariste Galois Evariste Galois, born on1October 25th, 18 165438, is a French mathematician. Founder of group theory of modern algebra. The problem of solving algebraic equations with roots is completely solved by group theory, and a set of theories about groups and fields is developed, which are called Galois Group and Galois Theory. The significance of his research achievements in mathematics during his lifetime was not recognized by people. All three academic papers submitted to the Academy of Sciences were returned or lost. Later, he turned to politics, supported the * * * and the party, and was arrested twice. 2 1 Died in a duel.

Georg Cantor Georg Cantor (1845.3.3-1918.1.6) is a German mathematician and the founder of set theory. Born in Leningrad, Russia (now St. Petersburg, Russia). My father is a Danish businessman of Jewish descent, and my mother comes from an artistic family. 1856 The whole family moved to Frankfurt, Germany. First in a middle school, then in a pre-university school in Wiesbaden. Cantor has a wide range of hobbies, great personality and lifelong religious belief. His early interest in mathematics was number theory. 1870 began to study trigonometric series, which contributed to the establishment of the greatest mathematical achievements at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century-set theory and super-finite number theory. In addition, he also tried to explore the problems of mathematical philosophy involved in the establishment of new theories. Cantor was the first president of the Berlin Mathematical Society in 0838+0888- 1893, and led the establishment of the German Mathematicians' Federation in 1890.