Textbooks are the basis of teachers' lectures and students' learning. I don't mean reading textbooks before class, reviewing and doing problems, but reading textbooks at all stages and links of learning. Read before class, think before class, read after class, turn over when reviewing, and read when doing problems. So specifically, how to read junior high school textbooks?

Magical use of textbook catalogue

When reading junior high school textbooks, the key method is to grasp the goal and read the textbooks well. The textbook has hundreds of pages and hundreds of thousands of words. How can we absorb such a large amount of information? Obviously, we can't distribute energy equally, but should concentrate on grasping key information. What is the most critical and important information in the textbook? It's a catalog. Here's how to use the table of contents to read textbooks:

One is memory, that is, open the catalogue to see if you can remember the contents of each chapter in the order of the catalogue, and recall concepts, properties, laws, formulas, quantitative relations and problem-solving methods. In the process of memory, you can write down the knowledge points on the draft paper to deepen your impression. When you can't remember, just open the book and read the relevant content.

Second, after reviewing their memories independently, students can tell each other about the basic knowledge, the key contents of each chapter, the connections and differences between knowledge, and inspire, supplement and improve each other. The speaker was moved, but the audience went over it again.

The third is to write and memorize the contents of the catalogue to see if you remember the main contents of the textbook and write it down according to the knowledge of the catalogue. Note: When writing, you don't have to memorize several titles in the table of contents mechanically, you can add your own induction and creation, and the basic content will be fine.

The fourth is expansion. The so-called expansion is to compile a supplementary catalogue. Because the textbook catalogue only lists the name of each lesson, it is a rough catalogue. You might as well copy down the subtitles of each lesson and make up a supplementary catalogue.

Intensive reading of textbook content

Textbooks are the basis of students' study and examination. The contents of the exam are all in the textbook. No matter how the topic changes, it can't run out of the scope of the textbook. When reading textbooks, we must do the following:

1, don't be superficial, just a formality.

Textbooks are not afraid of reading slowly, but they are afraid of trying fast and not asking for answers.

2. Don't be picky about the content of the textbook according to your feelings.

I think this exam is possible. If you don't take it, you won't read it. Every word in the textbook is written by experts, and it must have its use. Read all corners. Only in this way can the knowledge be printed in your mind and put into practice.

Don't think that only liberal arts textbooks should be read, and science textbooks don't have to be read.

Mathematics, physical chemistry, these science textbooks also need to be read carefully. Concepts and formulas should be looked at, as well as examples. After looking at the example, we also read out the idea of solving the problem.

4. When reading textbooks, don't just pay attention to big characters and bold characters.

Whether it is big or small, or notes, quotations, illustrations and tables, this knowledge is also very useful.

Don't be content to read the textbook once or twice, because there is nothing to see.

There is a good saying: read a book a hundred times and you will understand its meaning. That's the truth.

Second, preview.

When I went to middle school, my lessons were difficult and I couldn't do it without previewing. Actually, it's a preview, and sometimes I don't understand. What's more, don't preview? How much benefit can preview bring to our study?

Six benefits of preview

Benefit 1: Preview can cultivate students' self-study ability and independent thinking ability.

Because preview is an independent acceptance of new knowledge, which requires independent reading and thinking. This requires a strong logical thinking ability. When reading textbooks, only through independent thinking can we clear our minds, grasp the main points and solve difficulties. I don't understand some places when I preview, but I will be driven by curiosity when I attend classes, so I will pay special attention. Once you understand, you will be extremely impressed. Sometimes, when previewing, you will find that you have not fully understood what you think you have already understood, which often leads to further thinking and even new problems that you don't understand. This is very effective for deepening learning and improving understanding ability.

Benefit 2: Preview can directly improve learning efficiency.

Preview can also find loopholes in your knowledge, and make up for these loopholes by reviewing old knowledge, so that you can concentrate on learning new knowledge quickly in class. This can not only avoid turning over the books again, but also save valuable class time.

Benefit 3: preview can broaden your horizons.

After previewing, I know what I want to learn, and it is easy to keep up with the teacher's ideas. While keeping up with the teacher's thinking, we should use our brains and ask more why. When a teacher talks about a new concept, think about how it was established. What are the related concepts? When the teacher talks about the theorem, he thinks about how to deduce it, what is the scope of application and so on. Because of the preview, the thinking is alive, the class efficiency is improved, and the homework assigned by the teacher can be successfully completed. In this way, you can have more time at your disposal, and learning will naturally take the initiative.

Benefit 4: Preview can improve the level of note-taking.

Most of what the teacher said was from books. I know what's in the book, nothing, because I previewed it. So you can take notes selectively, draw key points and marks on the textbook with a pen, make a brief outline and spend a lot of time thinking. It's much better than spending all your time taking notes.

Benefit 5: Preview can enhance the memory effect.

In preparation, I think independently about what I can understand and what I can't understand. With the initial impression, plus the teacher's explanation, analysis and further study, the understanding will be more profound. What you understand is easy to remember, especially what you conquered through hard work. In addition, preview also strengthens the connection between old and new knowledge. Making old and new knowledge form a logical knowledge system is also helpful to memory.

Benefit 6: preview can enhance the desire for knowledge.

Preparing for class with questions can arouse curiosity and thirst for knowledge and arouse the enthusiasm of learning. For example, students who have studied physics all know Archimedes principle. If you have a strong thirst for knowledge, you will think deeply and gain more.

Four guarantees of preview

Since preview has so many benefits, what can be done to ensure the effect of preview?

First, there must be power guarantee.

Preview is very different from other learning links, that is, preview must have greater subjective motivation. Other links, such as class and homework, must be done even if there is no motivation, but preview is different. Preview is what you really want to do. Know that it is necessary to do so.

Second, there must be target protection.

Preview what you want to achieve every day, and you must have a bottom in your heart. We advocate a limited goal, that is, don't have a big appetite, don't want to eat fat at one go, and preview the whole book. It's best to spend some time every day reading the new lesson that the teacher will talk about tomorrow. And be sure to make it clear: what you know and what you don't know, mark it well, and it will be clear at a glance the next day. There are many subjects to learn in middle school. If you can't preview all the classes, plan in advance which classes to preview every day, preferably one or two that you find difficult.

Third, there must be time to ensure.

Usually, you must make sure to preview one or two classes every second day. If one chapter has just been written, you'd better take some time to preview the next chapter. There is also the institutionalization of timely preview, that is, doing preview every night and doing nothing else. It's normal to encounter difficulties in preview. First of all, the old knowledge involved in the new content is not clear in my mind, so I often fail in reading. If we don't guarantee time, it's easy for us to stick to it and be squeezed out by other things. As long as we persist in preview, our learning ability will gradually improve, thus forming a virtuous circle, and our learning time will be relatively abundant.

Fourth, there must be ways to guarantee it.

First of all, it varies from subject to subject, and pay attention to summarizing the effective preparation methods of each subject. Secondly, it also varies from person to person. Some teachers give lectures faster, so they can preview in detail. Some teachers are slow in giving lectures and have a rough preview. We should constantly adjust our preview methods according to the preview effect, so as to obtain better preview effect.

Third, attend classes.

Listening to lectures is the core part of students' learning. It is no exaggeration to say that the prime time for students to study is mainly spent in the classroom. Therefore, if you want to learn to study, you must learn to attend classes.

Master the thinking method

How to listen in class, the key is to grasp the teacher's thinking. The teacher's thinking is the essence of a class. Grasping the teacher's thinking is equivalent to grasping the essence of this lesson. This is precisely the weakness of many students. Many students can't learn anything in class, just because they can't grasp the teacher's ideas, so they can't grasp the essence of a class. Students should pay attention to the following points when attending classes:

Some students think that they are not so serious in class after previewing. The advantage of a teacher's lecture lies in knowing what students are easily confused, so as to remind students. If you know what the point is, you should emphasize it in detail. Therefore, students should pay close attention, listen carefully and do what the teacher thinks.

If you don't understand something in class, make a mark first, continue the class, and then ask the teacher or classmates after class. Don't just think about the problems in front and ignore the lectures in the back, which is often not worth the candle.

(3) Pay attention to why the teacher should talk about this, what kind of questions to talk about, how to talk about it, and what is the main point of this question. After such a class, you can get to the point.

(4) Don't just be satisfied with understanding in class, but strive for consolidation in class.

Fourth, record with a pen.

You will learn to take notes in junior high school. Some students think that they have a good memory and don't need to take notes, but when they actually need to use it, they will feel empty. As the saying goes: the lightest ink is better than the strongest memory. Students should never ignore the power of notes.

Seven-step method of note arrangement

Taking notes is to make better use of them. The notes written by students in class are often messy, which makes it difficult for them to use after class. In order to consolidate the learning effect and accumulate review materials, it is necessary to sort out the class notes and make them clear, organized and useful reference materials. Then we have to organize our notes in seven steps.

Step 1: strike while the iron is hot (provide "integration" for notes). Take time after class, compare books and notes, and recall relevant information in time. If you really can't remember, you can borrow your classmates' notes for reference. This is an important prerequisite for sorting out notes and providing integration for notes.

Part II: Make up notes (make notes "complete") Notes made in class often have omissions, jumps, omissions or even symbols replacing words, so as to make timely repairs on the basis of memories and make notes complete.

Step 3: Correct (make your notes "accurate") Review your notes carefully, and correct inaccuracies such as typos and sentences to make your notes accurate.

Step 4: Arrange (make the notes "organized") Arrange the contents of the notes with unified symbols, mark the numbers, arrange the order of the notes, and make the notes organized.

Step 5: classify your notes with words, symbols or pens of different colors. Taking ancient Chinese prose as an example, they are words, writers and works, works analysis, questions and discussions, after-school exercises and so on. Prepare to classify and abstract, and take notes systematically.

Step 6: omit (in order to make the notes "concise") and omit irrelevant notes to make the notes concise.

Step 7: Take notes (enrich the notes). After sorting out your notes, copy the same knowledge in the same book, or copy it in the same part of a note. You can also use cards to sort and extract. In this way, it is very convenient to use both the mid-term and final review and the future senior high school entrance examination review. Take it as needed, the outline is clear, fast and easy to use, which makes the notes informative.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) is repeated.

Students all know the phrase "learn from time to time", which is about the importance of review. Students should not think that they just need to review before the exam. In fact, review should run through every day of our study. Many students don't know how to review. They often scratch their beards and eyebrows to review what they can and some can't. So, in the process of review, what are the good methods?

"wrong topic book" learning method

As the name implies, the "wrong book" is to concentrate the wrong questions in one book. Wrong questions are the precious wealth of students, so we must make good use of the wrong books to save time and effort in review, and the effect is not bad. So how should students establish and use the "wrong question book"?

First, a special notebook should be set up for each subject, and the wrong questions in the subject should be concentrated and classified scientifically. Second, we should be patient and persistent in dealing with the wrong book. We can't fish for three days and dry the net for two days. Organize if you are happy, and leave it alone if you are unhappy.

Third: Don't become a mere formality. The wrong questions are gradually accumulated and need to be reviewed frequently, rather than simply reviewing before the exam. Just doing new questions does not consolidate the wrong ones. Every wrong question must be able to clearly explain the reason, analysis and analogy of the mistake, and it must be reviewed at least three times before it can be let go. Mark it after each review. After making sure there are no problems, make a mark, and you can stop reading the next review.

Test paper utilization method

Examination papers are important materials when we study. Over time, documents piled up like mountains. How to make full use of these papers? There are also some ways for champions to learn:

First, the paper sorting method: sort out all the papers one by one according to the order of discipline and time, make a cover, print a table of contents, write down the places that need attention in the table of contents, and turn them into your own data book.

The second is the way of marking papers: some students think that it takes time to sort out the wrong questions, so they can also make the papers play the role of wrong questions. Mark the wrong questions in the most eye-catching way on the papers you have done, and look at them from time to time. Of course, this requires you to have practice papers in each unit, and you must arrange them well, so you can't lose one.

Sixth, do the problem

Reading textbooks and listening to lectures is to master knowledge, so doing questions is to test knowledge. Junior high school students should face the senior high school entrance examination, do basic questions well, do more intermediate questions, and spare no effort to tackle difficult problems.

The following explains the learning methods of the main subjects in junior high school. Because the characteristics of each course are different, their learning methods are different.

Chinese-How to learn Chinese well in junior high school?

Here are some ways to learn Chinese well:

Card method

In the senior high school entrance examination, the first test content is to examine the basic knowledge, including pronunciation, font, literary common sense and so on. This knowledge is scattered and difficult to remember, so cards can help us a lot. The primary school part "misspelled word cards, easily confused word cards, composition cards, etc." Be introduced. Students can make more kinds of cards with reference to imitation, and record the words, literary common sense or good words and phrases that teachers usually teach or encounter during self-study on the cards for scientific review. This accumulation is very helpful to improve the basic level of ancient Chinese. The card is also very portable and easy for students to review. Of course, students can also accumulate knowledge with loose-leaf books.

Learn Classical Chinese "Fine", "Familiar" and "Practice"

Classical Chinese is difficult for junior high school students to understand. How can we learn classical Chinese well?

First, "essence": make clear the proper nouns such as everyone's name, place name and official name, and make clear the function of each function word-such details will not be difficult to write in classical Chinese.

The second is "familiarity": on the basis of detailed reading, you don't have to recite articles except those you have to recite, but you must be familiar with them and know them as soon as you mention them.

The third is "practice": with "precision" and "familiarity", it depends on the question type. Today's problems can be said to be everywhere Some questions in turn urge you to pay attention to how to be "detailed" and "familiar". If you don't read the questions and practice the papers, you won't be able to do it.

When learning classical Chinese, we should also pay attention to cultivating a sense of language, which is very useful for the questions of classical Chinese, so we should read more books and recite more excellent works of classical Chinese. In addition to studying in class, we should also read some classic classical Chinese works, such as "The View of Ancient Chinese".

How to learn junior high school mathematics well?

Here are some ways to learn math:

Mathematical concept learning method

The definition, theorem, concept, formula and law of mathematics are the framework of mathematical knowledge system, the basis of solving problems and reasoning. To truly understand its essence, generally speaking, we must grasp the following steps:

Step one: find out the ins and outs.

Any new knowledge will never be a tree without roots, it is always developed and summarized on the basis of old knowledge. Therefore, when learning new definitions, theorems, formulas and laws, it is of great significance to understand the ins and outs of knowledge for deepening the understanding of knowledge itself.

Step 2: Deliberating word for word and layer by layer.

Mathematical language is concise, abstract and rigorous. Therefore, when we study definitions, theorems and laws, we must fully and accurately understand their contents, which requires careful scrutiny of their literal expressions one by one. For example, the concept of the opposite number defined in the textbook: "Like 6 and -6, there are only two numbers with different symbols, so we say that one of them is the opposite number of the other." If we remove the sentence "like 6 and -6", our understanding will easily be biased. For example, -(+2) and +(-2) also meet the condition of "only symbols are different". Is it a reciprocal? Obviously not. There are many such descriptive concepts in junior high school mathematics learning. For descriptive concepts, we must grasp the whole concept, and don't leave the described examples out of context, causing misunderstanding or ambiguity.

Step 3: Pay attention to the restrictions.

The restrictive conditions in formulas are an inseparable part of concepts and formulas, but they are often easily ignored by students and should be highly valued in learning. At the same time, analyzing the restrictive conditions can often help us understand the essential characteristics of concepts or formulas more deeply. For example, when we understand the concepts of vertical and parallel, some of our students tend to regard the vertical downward as vertical, and only two straight lines placed horizontally as parallel. This concept was replaced by the influence of life experience, which narrowed the connotation of the concept. It is also an interference of non-essential factors, which should be eliminated consciously as far as possible in learning.

Step 4: Identify by contact and comparison.

In mathematical knowledge, there are many summaries derived from the same basic concepts and methods and their related knowledge or seemingly identical but essentially different knowledge. The main way to learn this kind of knowledge is the practice of "finding contact and grasping contrast". Such as "straight line, ray, line segment", they are both related and different.

Master the example reading method

It is a good way to learn by grasping the examples in the textbook and not relaxing. The specific approach is:

First, reading before class: read the examples carefully, mark the places you don't understand, and listen carefully in class.

Second, pick in class: listen carefully to the teacher's examples and concentrate on "picking" the difficulties.

Third, thinking after class: after listening to the teacher's explanation, reading and thinking after class. Think about why you didn't understand at that time and where the card was.

Fourth, pre-test string: Every time you review before the test, you should not only remember the formulas and concepts, but also review the main examples of each chapter to string together the knowledge.

How to learn junior high school English well?

"Four Ways" to Learn English

The first way to learn English is to read more, do more, recite more and accumulate more. Maybe some students will say, what is this method? However, at present, many students can't learn English well because they have given up this most basic method.

The first is to read more books. In many questions, such as filling in the blanks, a sense of language is usually very important. The best way to improve the sense of language is to read more, and be sure to read aloud, and stimulate the brain from both auditory and visual aspects at the same time, with good results.

The second is to do more, that is, to cultivate the so-called problem consciousness. It is impossible to read and do nothing. When you do a certain amount of questions, you will naturally understand the intention of the questioner and be handy in the exam.

The third is to recite more, that is, to recite more articles and words. Reciting classic articles can not only help you improve your sense of language, do objective questions well, but also help you cope with your composition easily. And you can consolidate words in the process of reciting articles, so you can kill two birds with one stone. Why not? Words are the basis of learning English well. It is not only very difficult to remember new words, but also difficult to understand the usage of words in a specific context. Moreover, each word often has many translation items, and sometimes these translation items are very different. Simple rote memorization is not only confusing, but also inaccurate. Memorizing words in a specific context can improve the speed and accuracy of memory and know how to use them.

Finally, accumulate more. English learning is very slow. Pay more attention to accumulation at ordinary times and try to read and write every day. The effect of accumulated learning in this way is better than that of concentrated learning for a few days or a period of time. In the daily learning process, you will encounter many phrases and words that you didn't know before. These contents should be recorded in the notebook by the students and constantly reviewed and consolidated. After a knowledge point is recorded in a notebook, it often needs to be reviewed four to five times to remember it, and sometimes it even needs to be reviewed several times to remember it.

In addition to normal English classes, students can spend some scattered time learning English every day. For example, before lunch break or before going to bed at night, or take an English notebook with you and take it out when you have time. Over time, students feel that they can recite many English words easily without spending too much time.

Grab a book and attack grammar.

There are two cornerstones in learning English: vocabulary and grammar. Learning vocabulary well, of course, can not be separated from dictionaries and other reference books. To learn grammar well, you should insist on using reference books. This reference book should be an authoritative grammar book, and it should be accompanied by a workbook. After choosing a grammar book, how should I use it in my daily study? The suggestions are as follows:

First, read through. It is very helpful to read through a concise English grammar book or even skim it. Because the grammar knowledge learned in middle school is scattered in six years, "I usually see only a few, but I don't see zero", so it is difficult to form a complete system in my mind. After reading through the grammar books, the scattered knowledge we usually learn can be systematized. This has played a sublimation role in our in-depth understanding of the whole grammatical system of English language.

Second, do the problem. Practice many times from beginning to end according to the assigned workbook, so that you can often find your weak links in grammar. When doing the problem, if you encounter difficulties, you'd better not look at the reference answers at the back, because the easy answers will be easily forgotten.

Third, for future reference. Take your grammar book with you and look it up as often as you look it up in a dictionary. For example, if you can't understand a long sentence, you can look at the relevant chapters in the grammar book and make an analysis and judgment. This requires you to clearly know the content and content of the grammar book and turn it over.

Dictionaries and grammar books are reference books for learning English. They can help us solve problems. They are our silent teachers. Both are indispensable.

How to learn junior high school physics well?

There are two ways to learn physics:

Concept-based learning method

To learn physics well, it is important to have a clear concept. Concepts in physics are very essential and core parts. Students should not think that they can clearly grasp the concepts of physics by reading a book or doing some problems. Whether your understanding of concepts is clear and profound directly affects your understanding of flexible topics. Questions that you can't do or do wrong are often places where the basic concepts are unclear and unfamiliar. The specific way is to remember physical concepts with a small notebook, not necessarily copying textbooks, but combining memory skills. For example:

Balance of two forces: two forces acting on the same thing are equivalent to a straight line.

When an object is subjected to a balancing force, its motion state remains unchanged.

Friction: an object rolls or slides along a surface, and the surface never rubs.

Increasing the roughness of the pressure surface will increase the friction.

Harmful friction should be reduced and sliding should be replaced by lubrication and decompression.

Force arm method: a certain point, two lines, a point-to-point line and a vertical line.

Law of reflection of light: There are many contents in the law of reflection, only two angles of three lines are recorded.

Incident reflection and normal, and incident reflection angle.

The three-line * * surface method is centered, and the two lines are on both sides.

The two angles are equal and orderly, and we can't say it upside down at will.

The law of convex lens imaging: the first focal length is divided into virtual reality and the second focal length is divided into size.

The close-up image of the object becomes larger and the close-up image of the object becomes smaller.

These memory skills can easily help students understand physical concepts and applications.

Problem classification method

Many students reported doing a lot of physics problems, but it was difficult to draw inferences. I won't do the next question with a slight change. This is mainly because: the summary work is not done enough. When studying physics, we should pay attention to the classification of questions, put the same types of questions together, and sum up the rules for solving the same types of questions. Then according to the type, analyze some specific problems and find out the best solution. The classification of questions requires students to be quite familiar with every knowledge point. Many students only stay on the superficial understanding of the topic when classifying it, without analyzing its essence, which is not representative. This will not play a very good guiding role. When doing this work, we should pay attention to: the summarized problems should meet the requirements of the curriculum outline, and we should also pay attention to the order from easy to difficult. The questions should be representative, not too many and too miscellaneous. Proper use of the classification of questions to review will change the traditional review methods, improve your interest in learning, and make physics learning more effective.

In addition, it is suggested that students often read some popular science books after class, which is very helpful for us to learn abstract physics well.

How to learn junior high school chemistry well?

There are two ways to learn chemistry:

Knowledge network method

The characteristics of chemistry are scattered, chaotic and miscellaneous, so we should pay attention to the networking of chemical knowledge. Chemistry is composed of specific knowledge points, which are often closely related to the actual situation. Therefore, it is particularly important to grasp the law and clarify the relationship between knowledge points. After each stage of study, according to the textbooks and notes, pick out the main points and list them in the notebook. Then find connections, draw tables, draw network diagrams, grasp regular things, and form a clear vein in your mind. Find more questions to test your knowledge. If there are still loopholes, they will be added to the network diagram immediately, so that the network diagram will be perfected and become a system. It will be much easier to understand, remember and use knowledge points in chains and networks.

"Four strokes" method to solve problems

1. The big question is usually the last experimental question. A small question is to break down a big question into several small questions according to the conditions given by the question, and find out the way of doing the problem from the relevant knowledge points and exercises.

2. Make a mountain out of a molehill: When making a mountain out of a molehill, don't just settle for the answer. In the process of solving problems, you should think about other knowledge as much as possible, and draw inferences from others to maximize the effect.

3. Don't do puzzles: Usually, puzzles don't account for a large proportion in the test paper. Students are advised not to spend too much time on difficult problems during the exam.

What you can do is right: this is the most basic requirement and the most difficult to do. Usually the reason for making mistakes is that the basic knowledge is not solid or the exam is not in place. When learning, we should accurately master chemical terms, instruments and drug names; The symbols of elements, the writing of letters, the standard method of valence and the solution of calculation problems should be standardized. Only when students develop the good habit of doing problems at ordinary times can they do them correctly in the exam.

The above are some links and learning methods in five courses, which are compulsory subjects in the senior high school entrance examination. I hope I can deeply understand these methods and print them in my mind. Make good use of these methods in your study. In this way, you are sure to get excellent results in the exam.

Finally, we must remember that it is very important to preview before class and review in time after class!

Good luck with your study!