Indirect teaching: refers to a form of teaching guidance for children by teachers. Teachers don't tell children the educational requirements directly, but through appropriate intermediaries in the environment, for example, using games, role models, phenomena or events that children care about. To achieve educational goals in a roundabout way. In this way, teachers have changed from lecturers to observers, collaborators, game partners, creators of activity environment and providers of materials in children's activities, and the educational influence is not directly exerted by teachers but realized through intermediaries.

Direct teaching: refers to the teacher's direct delivery of educational content to children according to the educational purpose.

Communication: the transmission and reception of information between people. Communication is a mutual activity, which requires mutual understanding and acceptance of each other's views and behaviors. Communication ability is one of the ability requirements of preschool teachers.

Nearest development zone: one is the current level of students, and the other is the possible development level of students, that is, the potential gained through teaching. The difference between them is the nearest development zone.

The principle of development suitability: It means that the curriculum content should not only conform to the existing development level of children, but also promote their further development, that is, the difficulty level is within the "nearest development zone" of children.

The principle of comprehensiveness: it means that in curriculum design and educational activities, the balanced development of children's body and mind must be the highest goal, around a certain theme or aspect, based on children's direct experience and real life, and in line with children's abilities, interests and needs, so as to promote children's multi-level, multi-angle and multi-scientific development in curriculum activities as much as possible.

Enlightenment principle: Enlightenment principle refers to the basic and introductory education for children in early childhood education, which lays a preliminary foundation for their future study and development. The essence of preschool education is enlightenment education.

Principles of kindergarten education:

1. Respect children's personal dignity and legitimate rights and interests. 2. The principle of promoting children's all-round development. 3. Pay attention to the principle of individual differences. 4. The principle of making full use of educational resources of children, families and society. 5. The principle of combining education with protection. 6. The principle of taking games as the basic activity. 7. The principle of educational activity and diversity of activities. 8. The principle of giving full play to the overall educational function of one-day activities: 1. The principle of combining science with ideology-teaching direction II. Enthusiasm principle-bilateral activities. Developmental principle-teaching progress. Intuition principle-teaching means 5. Activity principle-teaching form: (1) understanding principle; (2) Directivity principle; (3) scientific principles; (4) Respect principle; (5) the principle of coordination; (6) the principle of pertinence: (7) the principle of intuition; (8) Artistic principle.

Discovery learning: children discover things they didn't know before through hands-on operation, personal practice and communication with others, thus gaining various direct experiences, understandings and ways of thinking.

Accepted learning: refers to the learning mode in which learners acquire knowledge, skills and concepts mainly through the oral guidance of teachers.

Discovery teaching method: refers to a teaching method in which students explore and discover the concepts, theorems, formulas and solutions of things by themselves through their own active thinking activities according to the materials and questions provided by teachers.

Learning objective: 1. Emotional goal 2. Ability goal 3. Short-term goal of knowledge goal: Short-term goal refers to the teaching content, teaching requirements, main educational activities and expected purposes of children's development in the near future. It is generally formulated by teachers in the educational activities of daily life.

Mid-term goal: under the guidance of the general goal of kindergarten education, different requirements are put forward for children of different ages.

Kindergarten teaching goal: refers to the expected results of child care and education.

The basic elements of educational activities: educators, educatees, educational materials and educational contents. Children's development refers to the process of regular quantitative and qualitative changes in children's body and mind. Physical development and psychological development are inseparable and influence each other.

Children's view: refers to people's fundamental views and attitudes towards children. It mainly involves the status and rights of children, the significance of childhood, the characteristics and abilities of children, and the characteristics and reasons of children's growth and development. The concept of education is people's fundamental view on the role of education in children's development.

Modern children's view: modern people's understanding of children. Children are equal, independent and developed individuals with adults. Society should guarantee their survival and development, respect their personal dignity and rights, respect their development characteristics and laws, respect their ability and personality, and create opportunities for them to participate in society.

Short answer (modern society's view of children:) (1) Children are people in a society, and they should have basic human rights. (2) Children are developing people. They cannot be equated with adults, nor can they impose the style of adults on children, let alone let children develop naturally and freely. (3) Childhood is not only to prepare for adulthood, it has its own value, and children should enjoy a happy childhood. (4) Children are subjective people, and they constantly construct their own spiritual world with various rich activities. (5) Every healthy child has great development potential. (6) Children's talent development has a decreasing law, and the earlier they develop, the more they develop. (7) Children are active by nature, they instinctively like and need to explore and learn, and their cognitive structure and knowledge treasure house are self-constructed in the process of interaction with the objective environment. (8) It is the right of every child to achieve all-round development and full development. Its innate physiological inheritance fully endows the conditions for realizing all-round development, and only all-round development can fully develop. (9) Children's learning forms are various, such as imitation learning, communicative learning, game learning, inquiry learning, operation learning, reading learning, etc. Adults should respect children's various forms of learning and create corresponding learning conditions for children.

Children's rights: Every child has the right to birth, name, nationality, survival, development, study, play, entertainment, rest and education, which should be recognized, respected and protected by adults.