First, contact the above and below to understand the words.

Review requirements:

Can accurately understand the meaning of words in the text.

Reading review tips:

Because of the ambiguity and flexibility of words (usage and part of speech can be changed temporarily), some words are often difficult to understand without specific language environment. Therefore, we must pay attention to guiding students to "look forward and look back" in review. Here are some good ways to understand words.

1. Understand words by combination.

A word is usually composed of several words or several words. We only need to understand the meaning of the word separately and then combine it. For example, "loyalty" means loyalty, "courage" means courage, and "loyalty" can be interpreted as loyalty and courage. Another example is the word "difficulties and obstacles", which means "difficulties and obstacles", which can be understood as difficulties and dangers. When understanding words with combination method, it should be noted that when explaining the meaning or meaning of words separately, it must be very accurate, otherwise it will be wrong to understand them together. For example, the word "let go" in "I can't put it down" should be "let go". If it is wrongly interpreted as "explanation", it will be puzzling to understand the meaning of the word together.

2. Use lexical changes to understand words.

Chinese vocabulary is very rich, and some words can be replaced by words with similar meanings; Some words can be compared and understood with words with opposite meanings. For example, "Dragonflies have big eyes and complex structures." The "complex" in this sentence can be replaced by "not simple".

3. Understand the words in context.

When reading, look back and forth, find out the relevant words, sentences or paragraphs in the text, and explain the words or sentences to be explained. For example, there is a word "overjoyed" in the text of Seven Diamonds, which is related to the content described above: the little girl looks for water everywhere for her sick mother, but she can't find water anywhere. She was so tired that she fell asleep on the grass. When she woke up, she found that the jar was full of clear water. It is not difficult for you to understand that "being overjoyed" means being particularly happy when encountering unexpected things.

4. Deliberating and trying to figure out in the specific language environment-grasping the change.

When some words are actually used, their meanings have changed. For these expressive words, only by guiding students to analyze and ponder the language environment in teaching can we grasp the changes. For example, "he borrowed a magazine and read it greedily." The original meaning of "greed" is insatiable, which has no meaning in the sentence. Guide students to think about what the sentence says, and then think about the meaning of "greed", so that students can understand the meaning of "greed" here.

5. Synonymy method. When students come across a word they don't understand, tell them to find a synonym for this word, such as the word "beautiful", which is a synonym for good-looking and beautiful. Wait a minute.

2, idiom review guidance

In order to highlight the importance of idioms, idioms are regarded as a separate part. Idioms are the essence of Chinese, and they are concise and incisive fixed phrases or short sentences that people have used for a long time. Idioms in Chinese are often composed of four words, which generally have their origins. Many idioms have a vivid, interesting and philosophical story, such as a glass bow and a snake shadow, which are seamless and blockbuster. Therefore, learning idioms can not only accumulate vocabulary, but also enhance reading comprehension, understand history and broaden knowledge. In addition, if it can be used properly, it will make the language more concise and vivid and improve our writing level.

Teaching suggestion

1, according to the textbook, recall and guide students to sort out idioms learned in primary schools, and cultivate students' learning ability in the process.

2. In the form of Chinese activity class, exchange common idioms in extracurricular study, so as to guide students to pay attention to reading accumulation and apply what they have learned.

3. Design some favorite idiom exercises for students to enhance their interest in practice, such as idiom quiz, idioms solitaire, idiom couplets and other game exercises.

2. You can use the blackboard newspaper and learning garden in the classroom to create an idiom learning column, and students can edit and sort out the manuscripts, so that students can truly become the masters of learning.

3. How to understand sentences

First, understand the meaning of the sentence.

Review requirements:

Understand the meaning and function of sentences in the language environment.

Review tips:

Understanding the meaning of a sentence mainly refers to understanding the deep meaning of the sentence, understanding the rhetorical method of the sentence, analyzing the function of the sentence and explaining the author's intention.

The main methods are:

1, grasp the key words to understand the meaning of the sentence.

The key words that obviously play a key role in a sentence are keywords. The key does not depend on whether they are new words or not, but on their position in the specific language environment. The key words are "deduction", "scrutiny" and "deletion".

2. Understand the meaning of the sentence in the context.

A sentence has its fixed syntactic meaning, but once it is attached to specific language activities, it will have vivid situational meaning and can appropriately express rich ideological content. Therefore, to understand the meaning of a sentence, we should look forward and backward, which is not only a common method to understand the meaning of a sentence, but also the most basic principle to understand a sentence. Specifically, it is understood by contacting the center of the article, the author's intention, the character, the significance of the event and the characteristics of the scenery.

Cultivate middle school students' ability to understand sentences

Understanding sentences is the basis of understanding texts. Middle school students have learned some methods in this field, but they often can't use them flexibly after learning them. Their independent understanding ability needs to be further improved, and sometimes they don't know where to start when they encounter a sentence. In teaching, I pay attention to students' cognitive rules, give guidance on learning methods in a down-to-earth manner, and effectively improve students' ability to understand sentences. Here are some of my practices.

First, to teach basic methods, to understand the meaning of a sentence, we must first understand the meaning of a sentence. Students should first find this sentence in the text and read it out. This is the most basic method. Simple sentences will be understood after reading them. But some sentences are hard to understand once you read them. I generally use the following methods to guide students to understand sentences in teaching.

First, read and think in context. Some sentences are difficult to understand by themselves, but they are easy to understand if they are related to the context. For example, in "Apricot is ripe", there is a sentence in the article: "I don't know if grandma laughs at me for being stupid or Xinger." Does this sentence mean that Grandma "laughs at my stupidity" or "laughs at Xinger even more"? Read it in context. Grandma was very happy to see Xinger, knowing that there were countless Xinger, so let me count them. Grandma laughs at my stupidity and Xinger here, but at the end of the day, she laughs at Xinger. Therefore, reading sentences and reading them in context until you understand the meaning is the most basic way to understand sentences.

Second, understand through demonstration actions. Some sentences have one or several continuous actions. Teachers can read sentences and do actions to help students understand. For example, in the text "You are the first to arrive again", this sentence goes like this: "This reader spilled snow on his clothes …" When reading aloud, the teacher only needs to add an action demonstration, and the students will understand the meaning of this sentence. There are many such sentences in the third grade text, so the teacher should let the students demonstrate more and the meaning of the sentences will be known.

Third, guide students to imagine and understand. Some sentences in this paper, such as writing scenes, can generally be understood by imagination and connecting with scenes seen in life, movies and TV. For example, there is a saying in "New Movie": "The emerald leaves are interlaced with each other, and the golden sunshine falls on yourself through the gap between the green leaves." As long as students are guided to imagine the plot in life, they will feel immersive, and the understanding of sentences is certainly not a problem. Students can also think of similar scenes in movies and TV, and draw a wonderful picture in their minds immediately, thus naturally entering the artistic conception expressed in the sentence.

Fourth, use text illustrations to understand. Many sentences in the text are illustrated with pictures and texts, so make full use of pictures to understand. For example, in the lesson of "Fishing for Iron Cattle", students can't understand how to do it when they read the sentences ordered by monk Huai Bing. Just read the illustrations carefully and then read the sentences, and the meaning will be understood. Teachers should also try their best to provide students with visual teaching AIDS such as pictures, slides and projections, so as to help students break through the key points and difficulties in understanding and turn the difficult into the easy.

Fifth, guide the understanding of keywords to understand. Students don't understand the meaning of a sentence, often because there are words and phrases in the sentence that they don't understand. Sometimes there are no new words in a sentence, but because the extended meaning of the word is used in the sentence or the word has its specific meaning in a specific language environment. At this time, understanding the word becomes the key to correctly understanding the sentence. Then, we should start with keywords, and sometimes even "chew words" underground. For example, in "When the Bomb Explodes", Mao Zedong said: "The plane has usurped the role of the owner, which is disgusting!" In this sentence, "stealing the limelight of the guests" is a key word. First of all, who is the "guest" here and who is the "master" here? Then, talk about the meaning of this sentence in context. In this way, through the understanding, analysis and re-understanding of the word "usurping the role of the master", the correct understanding of this sentence is finally achieved. Therefore, the understanding of words, especially keywords, is often the "golden key" to understand a sentence.

Second, strengthen individual training in combination with the arrangement of teaching materials. For the method of learning to understand the meaning of sentences appearing in textbooks, teachers should first be aware of it, pay attention to the connection before and after, and carry out targeted individual intensive training. In the third grade, we can understand sentences mainly by reading sentences, dialogue in context, learning to ask questions, understanding the function of punctuation, answering before speaking, learning figurative sentences, thinking about the relationship between sentences and analyzing sentence structure. Then, the guidance of these learning methods must be implemented. Although some methods have been used, once you learn them, you should focus on training and standardize them step by step. For example, the method of learning figurative sentences. There are a lot of figurative sentences in the texts of senior one, senior two and senior three. Students can generally judge whether this sentence is a figurative sentence, and they also know that the article is well written with figurative sentences. How to learn figurative sentences? The teacher can give a metaphorical sentence: "Litchi forests are everywhere, and countless red fruits hang in a thick green, like jumping sparks and rubies." First of all, students judge that this is a figurative sentence. Then, ask, "What are the countless red fruits in the sentence?" Finally, let's talk about "What does analogy explain?" The teacher summed up the learning metaphor sentence according to these three steps-this is a metaphor sentence; What to compare with in the sentence; What is analogical explanation? Encourage students to use this method for dialogue and understanding when learning figurative sentences or reading figurative sentences in extracurricular reading.

Third, encourage the accumulation and application of comprehensive training.

Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "The purpose of teaching is not to teach." The purpose of teaching students to understand the meaning of sentences is to let them understand the meaning of sentences themselves. In order to encourage students to accumulate various methods and use them flexibly, I use the method of comprehensive training to arouse students' enthusiasm and understand the meaning of a sentence in various ways. For example, there is a saying in "Butterfly Kingdom": "Every day when the sun comes out, you can see countless colorful butterflies dancing between trees and flowers, beside rocks and streams, covering all the green grass and wild flowers at the bottom of the valley, just like a fairy scattering dense flowers from the air." According to the requirements after class, students can understand the meaning of the sentence by understanding the words with horizontal lines and wavy lines in the sentence, which means that butterflies are many and beautiful. Then, I asked the students to understand in other ways that they had learned before. This is hilarious. Some adopt the method of learning figurative sentences, some grasp key words, some understand through imagination, some do actions, and their thinking suddenly becomes active, thus completing the learning task in a relaxed and warm atmosphere. Of course, comprehensive exercises can also be designed as games, so that students can review and summarize what they have learned during the game, so as to "review the old and learn new things". Students all know that there are many ways to understand a sentence, and sometimes there are several ways to understand a sentence, depending on whether your method is vivid and effective. If one method doesn't work, try another. Sometimes you have to combine several methods to understand the meaning of a sentence. Understanding the meaning of sentences is a teaching activity closely combined with text teaching. In the teaching process, we should pay attention to cultivating students' ability to think hard and use flexibly, so as to improve students' thinking ability and understanding ability, and strengthen the flexible and comprehensive application and mastery of what they have learned. Teaching method is to let students "learn the law in class", internalize it into their own abilities, achieve flexible use outside class, and extend classroom teaching to outside class. Above, some of my practices definitely have many imperfections, and I will continue to improve and supplement them in future practice and research.

4. A good way to make sentences

Sentence is the basic unit of language use, which consists of words or phrases and can express a complete meaning, such as telling someone something, asking a question, asking or stopping, and expressing some feelings. It should end with a period, a question mark or an exclamation point. There are several ways to make sentences.

1. Explain on the basis of understanding the meaning of words. If you use "tribute" to make a sentence, you can make it like this: "I stand in the square to pay tribute to the revolutionary martyrs monument." Because "paying tribute" means looking up with respect.

2. Making sentences with adjectives can describe people's actions, manners or shapes. For example, make a sentence with "silence": "The classroom is silent, no one laughs and frolics anymore, no one walks around at will, and even the atmosphere is afraid to go out." This makes "silence" concrete.

3. Some adjectives can be combined with a pair of antonyms or commendatory and derogatory words, and strong contrast can play a better expression role. For example, use "glory" to make a sentence: "It is shameful to talk about hygiene and glory." Comparing "honor" and "shame", it is emphasized that hygiene is a virtue.

4. Using analogy words to make sentences, with the help of association and imagination, can make sentences vivid. If you use "as if" to make a sentence: "It's particularly cold today, and the wind blows on your face like a knife."

5. When making sentences with related words, we must pay attention to the reasonable collocation of words. This requires us to distinguish and remember several kinds of related words in our daily study.

6. First expand the words to be made into phrases, and then complete the sentences. If you use "add" to make sentences, you can first form "add equipment", "increase confidence" or "increase strength", so it is much more convenient to make sentences.

5. How to write specific sentences?

To concretize a sentence is to add some words that have been properly modified or supplemented before and after the main components of the sentence to make the meaning of the sentence clearer and more vivid.

Kingfisher skimmed the lake.

The clever kingfisher skimmed the sparkling lake.

After adding some modifiers, the second sentence is much more specific. It tells us "what kind of kingfisher" and what kind of "passing lake". If the second sentence is revised: "A clever kingfisher glides gently across the sparkling lake." The meaning expressed is more specific. But it should be noted that writing a specific sentence is not many words. You can only modify the modified ones according to the needs of expression, and don't gild the lily, so as not to cause repetition and cumbersome.

(1) We are happy.

We jumped for joy.

The second sentence adds "jump up", which describes the result and degree of "happiness" in detail and strengthens the appeal of expression.

There are many ways to practice writing specific sentences. There are three basic methods I learned in primary school Chinese class:

1. Add attribute.

: Exodus The flag is flying in the air.

"The team flag is flying in the blue sky." The words in brackets are called attributes. After adding these attributes, we know what kind of team flag it is and what kind of air it flies in. The meaning expressed is more clear and specific.

2. Add adverbials.

My brother came running. How did my brother come?

My brother (staggers) came running.

We call the words in brackets adverbials. Write an adverbial about my brother running. The sentence is very specific.

3. add something.

Example: The plane flew (). How was the flight?

The plane flies high and fast.

The words in brackets are complements. With the complement, how to fly a plane is written in detail.

These are three basic ways to practice writing specific sentences. As long as you master their laws, you can use them freely in practice.

6. It is no longer difficult to reorganize confused sentences.

Parallelism is an important form of Chinese practice in primary schools, which must be mastered well. Learning to arrange sentences can not only improve our thinking ability, but also improve our writing ability. So, how to learn to arrange sentences? We can proceed as follows.

First of all, in the order of things.

When sorting out some messy sentences, we should carefully analyze the relationship between them. Common out-of-order sentences often describe a complete thing or a specific activity process. Then, we can arrange things in the order of development.

He thought, who lost this? It's really unsanitary.

He saw a mass of white things on the ground.

Suddenly, he saw some pupils cleaning the playground and trying to do good deeds.

After class, Sean is playing on the playground.

He hurriedly looked back and picked up the blank sheet of paper he had just seen.

() thinking, he walked away casually.

() Looking closer, it turned out to be a mass of waste paper.

From this passage, we can see that Sean saw a mass of waste paper on the playground. After ideological struggle, he finally picked up the mass of waste paper, with distinct layers. When arranging, we can arrange things in the order of development as 4, 2, 6, 1, 7, 5, 3.

Second, in chronological order

For some chaotic sentences, we can find out the words that express the concept of time, such as morning, morning, noon and afternoon, and then arrange the sentences in chronological order.

Professor Hua is a famous self-taught mathematician.

At the age of 20, he got typhoid fever and lay there for half a year. After illness, one leg was disabled, but he was not discouraged and continued to attack the Science Castle.

() He began to teach himself mathematics at the age of 14, and insisted on teaching himself 10 hours every day without interruption.

() 1932, 22-year-old Hua went to work in Tsinghua University at the invitation of Xiong qinglai, head of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University.

() From the age of 19, Hua began to write mathematical papers.

During his stay in Tsinghua, he read more math books and began to learn foreign languages. Thanks to hard work, he made rapid progress. At the age of 25, Hua became a famous mathematician.

When arranging this passage, we can grasp the age words "14 years old", "19 years old", "20 years old", "22 years old" and "25 years old", that is, put the sentences in chronological order and the problem will be solved. The correct arrangement should be: 1, 4.

Third, according to the order of first general description and then sub-description.

There is such an exercise:

() There are many subtropical trees here, such as eucalyptus, coconut, olive and sycamore.

() In early summer, the fragrance of eucalyptus leaves is floating all over the streets and yards.

Many trees are planted in every yard of this town.

() The phoenix tree is in full bloom, so lively that the town seems to be shrouded in red clouds.

According to the characteristics of this passage, the sentence "Many trees are planted in every yard of the town" is the central sentence, and the other three sentences are all around this sentence. Obviously, we can arrange sentences in the order of total first and then points. The order is: 2, 3, 1, 4.

Fourth, according to spatial order.

The so-called space channel is to express different contents through the transfer of places. Pay great attention to the arrangement and don't confuse it with other methods.

As soon as I heard the familiar cry, I guessed that it must have laid eggs.

I'm glad to hold the egg in my hand. It's still hot.

() stepping into the door, sure enough, there is a double yellow egg like a goose egg lying in the chicken nest.

() One afternoon, when I came home from a study group, I heard my old hen clucking in the room from a distance.

In this article, we can grasp "outside" and "inside" and arrange sentences in the order of 2, 4, 3, 1.

7. Modify the "Four Steps" of Ill Sentences

Zhangjiagang Hexing Primary School Xia Chunhua

Modifying sick sentences is an effective way for students to practice sentence patterns, and it is also a necessary measure to train students' composition. Some students sighed when they saw this kind of exercise. In fact, there are also tricks to modify sick sentences, that is, the four-step process of "reading first, finding second, correcting third and checking fourth".

First reading. Read the sick sentence softly several times to understand the meaning of this sentence. Modifying a sick sentence often can't change the meaning of the sentence, so the first step is very important. For example, "we must develop a good preview atmosphere." The original intention of this sentence is "to form a good habit of previewing", not "to form a good atmosphere of respecting the old and loving the young"

Second, find. Find the reason. Only by understanding the original meaning of the sentence can we find out the cause and prescribe the right medicine. The reasons can be summarized as follows: improper collocation, incomplete or redundant components, chaotic structure, unclear meaning and illogical.

Three changes. If we find the reason, we should have an operation. The modification methods include "addition, deletion, adjustment and replacement". In actual modification, appropriate methods should be adopted according to different reasons. There is only one principle: under the premise of not changing the original intention, correct the sick sentence in the simplest way.

Four checks. Math exercises have checking computations, and Chinese exercises can sometimes use "checking computations" to check their answers. When you correct this ill sentence, you should read the answer sentence lightly several times to see if you have eradicated the root cause and are satisfied.

Only by effectively adopting the four steps of "first reading, second checking, third correcting and fourth checking" can we easily overcome the fortress of "modifying sick sentences".

8. Practice reviewing

When it comes to the composition test, I think the most important thing is to examine the meaning of the question. The first is to see the requirements of the topic clearly and understand the topic. Because this is an important beginning for students to finish this composition, you must read it several times and don't rush to write it. On the basis of reviewing the questions, combined with your usual observation and accumulation, think carefully and choose the content that you are most interested in and have the most writing. Speak methodically when writing. Think about what to write first, then what to write. Or recall the scene at that time, sort out what happened, and then write. After writing, compare your own writing with the facts to see if there is any discrepancy. If it doesn't match, adjust it. When writing, we should also pay attention to how to connect the previous sentence with each sentence, so that the previous sentence is smooth and coherent.

After writing, students must form the good habit of checking carefully. You can read it silently for several times to see if there are any typos, missing words, correct punctuation, proper words and fluent sentences in your article, and correct them if you find any problems. If you have time, read your revised article again to minimize problems.

* Look at the picture composition: In short, we should do the following. (1) Observe carefully and make clear the meaning. (2) Try to think clearly about your inner connection. In other words, we should observe and think about how things happened, how they developed, and what was the result? (3) Expand the imagination and expand the content of the picture. Students often ask, "What should I think about combining pictures and meanings?" I think I can relate to my real life and imagine the actions, language and manners of the characters in the picture. For example, we think about what the character in the picture will do and what he may do; On the character's expression, associate what he is thinking and what his mood is; Imagine what these characters will say in their manners and actions. Sometimes we can melt ourselves into the picture and imagine ourselves as characters in the picture. I think that feeling will be more profound, and it will make the characters move from "silence" to "sound".

* Write a personal note: the requirement is to reflect a certain characteristic of a person through one thing. I want to talk about how to write memorabilia in view of the problems in students' exercises. (1) materials should be novel and typical. A person may have done a lot of things to write, but what can truly represent his own characteristics and spiritual quality and give people a refreshing feeling is worth writing. (2) The selected materials should be authentic. Be sure to choose those things that you can't forget for a long time among people you know, and then carefully recall the whole process of the whole event at that time. (3) Grasp the characteristics and write the characters' language, movements, demeanor and appearance. I think with the foundation of truth, it is not difficult to do this. When writing, you can always think about the character's language, movements, demeanor and appearance description to serve the characteristics of this person. Generally speaking, writing personal notes should not only pay attention to the detailed description of the characters themselves, but also pay attention to the description of the process of things; Only by grasping the characteristics of the characters and typifying the events can we write well.

* Imagination: In the golden childhood of students, they are full of imagination and fantasy about life and future. How to treat "thinking"? It is necessary to guide students to use their brains and think extensively; Think from multiple angles, from here to there; Contact with real life and think with emotion.

It is very important to master writing methods, but I want to improve my writing level step by step in the review stage, and pay attention to observation and accumulation. Rodin, an outstanding French sculptor, once said, "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not the lack of beauty, but the lack of discovery. " Therefore, we should guide students to observe life carefully, be good at capturing the material of life, and be a person with conscience in life. Pay attention to the details of those things, observe places that others have not noticed, things that have not been noticed before and new things. When observing, you should not only use your eyes, but also feel with your heart and touch with your hands. Then record what you have captured in a few words and build a material book, so that when you practice writing, you have something to write. Sometimes, you can also guide students to remember life essays and cherish their unique opinions, which is also accumulating materials.

Secondly, the accumulation of language will make students' articles more vivid and concrete, which is the so-called meaning of "writing like a god". Usually, we can read more books. Reading is the best way to absorb language, which makes us learn language imperceptibly in middle school. Refining, comparing, understanding, remembering and appreciating good words and paragraphs will be more conducive to our use of language. Sometimes we can guide students to find out a paragraph that the teacher's comments are not vivid enough and revise it repeatedly, and think about which words are more accurate or which words are added, which will be more vivid.

Furthermore, during this period, we can read selected compositions and appreciate excellent works, especially the comments on the compositions after reading the articles. This is a good reference, not only to appreciate the incisive language, ingenious conception and precise structure of the article, but also to realize why we write like this and what are the benefits.

In addition, we often say: "the article is never tired of revision" and "the good article is revised". Especially the composition review, this is a rare opportunity to practice. You can take the usual exercise as the content and carry out exhibition and reflection activities during the review period. This kind of exhibition activity is based on study groups. Each student takes out his best composition, reads it to everyone or circulates it to everyone, and then comments on it by himself and peers, and talks about what is good and what needs to be improved. Finally, each group selects two students to communicate with the whole class. After the activity, the students corrected it by themselves. Students can also post and display their best compositions, and then conduct group evaluation and class communication. In the process of mutual evaluation, we should guide students to know themselves correctly, pay more attention to the advantages of classmates' compositions, and learn to put forward suggestions for improvement in words acceptable to others. Self-correcting composition can be simply summarized as four steps: 1. Read the whole article. 2. Read the multi-thinking structure carefully. 3. Choose words carefully and change words. 4. Read aloud to refine your taste. As long as students carefully revise their compositions according to these four steps, they will certainly be able to correct good articles. You might as well try!