2, don't learn, don't learn from other people's failures and successes, use your own personal experience, such as drunk driving, addicted to sexually transmitted diseases, brainwashed by cults, addicted to drugs.

3. Don't get up and get depressed after failure in life.

In the face of difficult problems, don't think about changing the angle, but stick to it.

1, the human brain always needs to establish a pluralistic thinking model.

You should rely on some thinking frames instead of one to arrange your own direct or indirect lessons, which is called multiple thinking modes. They are composed of models of multiple disciplines (hard science or engineering), which allow you to examine your existing knowledge from different dimensions.

Mathematics: the principle of compound interest, the principle of permutation and combination. We should form the habit of using these quantitative tools in our life, otherwise, "we will give away our great advantages."

Accounting is the basic language of business activities. But we should pay attention to the limitations of accounting, which is rough and simple.

Psychology: See through the characteristics of people whose brains don't work correctly, especially those with cognitive impairment, and avoid being manipulated by others. The psychology of misjudgment should be focused on.

Form the habit of double-regulation analysis, namely rational analysis and subconscious evaluation.

Communication should follow five W principles: who, when, why, what and where.

Engineering: backup system, breaking point theory.

2. Scale advantage

Scale advantage is also manifested in psychological "social identity", and people will be influenced by others subconsciously or consciously.

The scale advantage will also lead to a winner-take-all situation. In turn, it will affect the finer and more professional division of labor within the enterprise. Large-scale also has shortcomings, such as bloated institutions, bureaucracy and inefficiency.

On the contrary, the scale is reduced and the degree of specialization is strengthened.

The way to distinguish is whether this new technology is applied to emerging industries or sunset industries, and the technology update for sunset industries is not worth investing. For example, in the textile industry, continuous technological upgrading will not increase the income of investors, but will only benefit the producers of new equipment.

A good enterprise is to seize the wave of new technologies and industries. For example, the cash register is a good business opportunity. To cultivate your sense of touch and find such an opportunity, in fact, such an opportunity is enough once in a lifetime.

If you want to find such an opportunity, you must be within your own ability circle, or within the ability circle that has been reserved for a long time.

1. What is the essence of stocks?

The essence of stock is actually the betting system of horse racing prize pool (this system is that all bets are deducted from management fees, and the winners divide the prize pool according to their winning amount). Everyone bets, and the odds change according to the betting situation.

In this system, many people just choose their own lucky numbers, while smart people make big bets on horse races where they find pricing problems. If they can't find them, they won't bet and wait patiently for their chance. God will definitely give everyone a chance to bet the wrong price, provided that that person is diligent enough to find this opportunity. Therefore, the basis of becoming a winner is to study hard, study hard and then study hard, work hard and then work hard, wait for the opportunity to appear at any time, and hit it with one blow. However, most people only remember to study hard and work hard, but forget to seize the opportunity. In fact, most of the wealth accumulated by Berkshire is only the result of more than a dozen opportunities.

The most classic example above is the change of FedEx assessment method from hourly wage system to pricing system. The efficiency is greatly improved.

2. The method of finding stocks with lower price than value: Geiger detector.

The specific method is to calculate the value of the whole enterprise, refer to the concept of net assets, and then multiply the stock price by the total number of shares. If the product is one-third of the net assets, then the stock is undervalued and of low value. But be careful not to be confused by the current accounting statements.

This method comes from Benjamin Graham. He put forward the concept of "Mr. Market".

Munger has improved on Graham's foundation, and is no longer limited to Geiger detector. He tends to use this method to find high-quality enterprises (taking advantage of their inertial growth for a long enough period) and take this as his goal. The former is just one of the tools to achieve this goal. The first content of Munger's promotion is to pay attention to those companies with high-quality enterprise potential as soon as possible. This is the best opportunity, but it is not easy to grasp. The second is to track the enterprises in which high-quality and even great managers are fully involved, such as Jack Welch. Third, pay attention to the enterprise itself. If an enterprise has its own moat, it can increase profits only by raising prices, but it has not done so yet, which shows that this company has great potential.

1, Munger emphasizes not to get caught up in ideology, which will make you confused and deviate from your reason.

2. For a company like Disney, the emergence of new media happens to be a rising tide. Disney's movies will be made into dvd and other forms, thus opening up a brand-new market. Real companies will have a wide moat. Hold shares in such a company and the world will take you forward.

3, a person must know what he knows and what he doesn't know, which is the foundation of life.

4. When persuading others, it is effective to stand from the other side's point of view and proceed from the other side's interests.

5. If the new product may involve litigation and easily become the focus of society, it will inevitably lead to losing the case, so such products and enterprises should invest cautiously. Like a football helmet

If we go back to 1884 and give you $2 million and a new company called Coca-Cola, how can we build it into a company with a market value of $2 trillion after 150? You can think in the following ways.

1. The first idea is that the best way to simplify tasks is to solve big problems with obvious answers first.

Build a global brand and occupy the global market.

2. The second point is that only mathematics can reveal the true face of science.

Calculate the possibility by mathematical method. For example, after 150 years, the global population, profit rate and market share are expected to reach 1/4 of the total water intake of the world population. We should also consider the changes in purchasing power brought about by economic development and the cost reduction brought about by technological progress.

3. Third, it is not enough to think positively, but to think negatively.

Reverse thinking can be an eye-opener, for example, aiming at the "rational person hypothesis" (everyone is rational), in fact, people are irrational in many consumption scenarios.

Fourth, the best and most practical wisdom is basic academic wisdom, but it needs interdisciplinary thinking.

Supported by psychology, that is to say, this business is to create and maintain conditioned reflex. In fact, there is still a long way to go to further integrate psychology with various disciplines.

Create social identity, trademark, taste identity, appearance identity and patent formula through brand.

5. The fifth is the real big effect, such as lollapalooza effect, which usually appears under the combined action of several factors. For example, the appearance of airplanes.

A global market and a leading position in an industry need to integrate many factors: conditioned reflex, social identity and commodity feeling.

1. Need interdisciplinary skills?

Undoubtedly, major issues involve many disciplines. Having interdisciplinary skills means having more tools than just a hammer.

2. Is there enough interdisciplinary knowledge in education?

People of insight in education have realized and gradually practiced interdisciplinary education.

3. What kind of interdisciplinary education is feasible and the best?

The best practice of interdisciplinary education for pilot trainers is to train through six factors:

A, enough knowledge, so as to be able to cope with various problems in flight;

B, the purpose of learning knowledge is not to test, but to apply this knowledge to solve complex problems intertwined with various situations;

C, flexible use of positive thinking and reverse thinking, and can distinguish application scenarios;

D, receive interdisciplinary training to reduce deviation. In order to reduce the deviation, strict repetitive training will be carried out until proficiency;

Develop the habit of checking the list;

F, regular simulation training without being unfamiliar for a long time.

In fact, elite education is to repeat this process. If you want to gain the wisdom of the universe, this is a necessary process, and there is no shortcut.

4. What progress has elite universities made in interdisciplinary education?

The innovation encouraged by elite universities is actually the result of interdisciplinary education. The specific way is to learn from the knowledge of other disciplines, such as economics, and learn from the "tragedy of public goods" in biology to find the "invisible foot".

5. What educational practices can accelerate the progress of interdisciplinary education?

However, this simple borrowing doctrine will be copied mechanically, eaten alive, misunderstood and the scope of application is wrong. Therefore, the further method is:

A, learn some basic skills through compulsory courses, such as psychology and accounting.

B, we should consciously cultivate opportunities for interdisciplinary practice and avoid forgetting caused by simple theory or simple memory. For example, a classic question: how do two old ladies who don't care about the world treat their shoe factory? The correct answer is not to hire professionals to manage strongly, but to sell the shoe factory as soon as possible. This is to get rid of the management concept and solve the problem psychologically.

C, more use the most realistic events in magazines to analyze, rather than ancient history.

D, try to avoid being influenced by ideology, and being too radical leads to prejudice.

E, soft science should adopt the spirit of hard science (mathematical physical and chemical engineering). For example, biology draws lessons from the research methods of basic science and achieves faster development.

The incentive mechanism in soft science is full of utilitarianism, but as samuel johnson said: If the truth runs counter to one's own interests, it is difficult for one to accept the truth.

1, too closed economics leads to hammer syndrome, and economists overemphasize some quantifiable factors.

2. Do not use the most basic total attribution method in hard science.

We should not only learn other subjects, but also label them, just like a neatly classified file. This will weaken the ability to further deepen integration.

3. Physical jealousy Physical jealousy

Soft science should consider human factors, and it is impossible to aspire to an unattainable precision. As Einstein said: Everything should be as simple as possible, but not too simple.

4. Too much emphasis on macroeconomics.

More attention should be paid to microeconomics.

The key to success through microeconomics is to maximize or minimize one or two factors and think positively or negatively when encountering problems.

5. There is too little comprehensive knowledge of economics, even too little knowledge in economics.

6. Extreme ignorance of psychology and its negative effects.

Many problems that are difficult to solve in economics can actually be easily solved by psychology.

7. Lack of higher-level attention to the consequences caused by actions and the consequences caused by such consequences. People are easy to get quick success and instant benefit. For example, US-China trade benefits American enterprises, but the consequence is the rapid rise of China, which is a "public product tragedy" for many American politicians.

8. Economics does not pay enough attention to mathematical principles. For example, the "fishing for grey gold" in the field of financial investment has led to a large amount of consumption, but people don't know it.

9. Not paying enough attention to virtue effect and evil effect. The former, such as double-entry bookkeeping, cashier and guilt, and the latter, such as pure fairness and selfishness, are both double-edged swords.

1, don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you.

2. It is a moral responsibility to acquire wisdom. Continuous learning, lifelong learning.

3. Learn all subjects, turn them into a part of your thinking habit, and then keep practicing.

Sometimes, complex problems can be solved more easily by using reverse thinking.

5. Stay away from ideological brainwashing, which will turn your brain into cabbage. How to stay awake, Munger said:

6. Jealousy, hatred and self-pity are disastrous mental states.

7. Eliminate the preference for self-service, don't think that what is good for yourself is good for society, and tolerate the self-service shown by others in their actions.

8. Stay away from abnormal incentive mechanisms, such as competing for working hours. There are also abnormal working relationships, such as working under a leader you despise. Of course, the premise is your talent and determination.

9. Be objective and fair, and remember to keep evidence that is unfavorable to your point of view to remind yourself. Accustomed to using lists to avoid mistakes.

10, avoid becoming a "Planck driver" of knowledge, just parroting and showing off knowledge.

1 1, treat suffering as a university, and you will be invincible after graduation. The famous saying made up by the note taker, please sign it: Cloud.

12, the best system should be as efficient as the operating room.