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Nine Chapters Arithmetic is a mathematical monograph written by Zhang Cang and Geng Shouchang in ancient China. It is the most important book in the Ten Books of Calculations, which was written around the first century. Its author can no longer be examined. It is generally believed that it has gradually become the final version after several generations of supplement and modification. Zhang Cang and Geng Shouchang in the Western Han Dynasty had been supplemented and sorted out, and they were generally finalized at that time. The last book was in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest, and most of them were Notes to Nine Chapters written by Wei Yuan, Jing Yuan and Liu Hui in the Three Kingdoms Period (263).
"Nine Chapters Arithmetic" is very rich in content and summarizes the mathematical achievements in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties. At the same time, Nine Chapters Arithmetic has its unique achievements in mathematics. It not only mentioned the problem of score at the earliest, but also recorded the problem of surplus and deficiency at the earliest. Zhang Equation also expounded the negative number and its addition and subtraction algorithm for the first time in the history of world mathematics. It is a comprehensive historical work and the most concise and effective applied mathematics in the world at that time. Its appearance marks the formation of a complete system of ancient mathematics in China.
In April, 2020, it was included in the junior middle school part of the "Reading Guidance Catalogue for Primary and Secondary School Students (2020 Edition)" of the Basic Education Curriculum and Textbook Development Center of the Ministry of Education.