Basic introduction Chinese name: mbth, Biruni: Biruni Nationality: Tajik birthplace: Zizmu, Uzbekistan today Date of birth: September 5, 973 BC Date of death: 1048 12 13 Occupation: scientist, historian, philosopher Belief: Introduction, characteristics, life and life of Islamic Shiites. Biruni (biruni, julian calendar, September 5, 973 ~1February 048+13) is a famous scientist, historian and philosopher in Central Asia. His real name is Abu Lehani Mohammed bin Ahmed biruni. Born in the suburb of Babylonia, Varamoz, it is the famous biruni. It is said that biruni was born into an Iranian noble family. Shia teachings that believe in Islam. When I was young, I went to Jules to study with famous scholars such as Abu nasr Mansour. The astrological features of biruni and biruni on stamps are that he has extensive reading, extensive contact with scholars, profound knowledge and creativity, and has deep attainments in history, geography, astronomy, mathematics, medicine and so on. He is also familiar with Greek and Eastern religious philosophy, Islamic classics and teachings of various sects, and is proficient in Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Hebrew, Syrian and Sanskrit. I used to work in Mosha Palace in Hualazi, engaged in the research and writing of the history of eastern countries. 10 17 after Sultan Mahmud Shah of ghazni dynasty conquered hualamozi country, biruni was called into ghazni palace and was sheltered and respected by Mahmoud. After that, he conquered India with Mahmoud and stayed there for many years, traveling around and mastering Sanskrit. After returning to Ghazni from India, he engaged in astronomical research and writing in the court of Sultan masudi. 1048 12 died in ghazni. Achievements biruni has been engaged in multidisciplinary research all his life, and his writings are rich. Ancient Ruins (Chronicle of Oriental Nationalities), written in about 1000, records the history, region, culture and religion of the Orientals, focusing on the calendars and times of ancient nationalities. In the preface of the book, it is pointed out that wisdom can only play its role if it is completely free from tradition, political influence and subjective will. Written in 1030, The Record of India records India's physical geography, history, places of interest, religious beliefs, philosophy, literature, astronomy, legal system, tax system, customs and habits, especially systematically expounds the basic viewpoints of Buddhist philosophy, makes a comparative study with Greek philosophy and other religious philosophies, and points out the influence of Buddhist philosophy on Islamic Sufi thought. 1037 wrote Principles of Astronomy and Astrology in Masudi, which was a summary of astronomical research at that time. It combines astronomy and geography, puts forward the theory that the earth rotates around the earth axis, infers that the earth moves around the sun, and accurately measures the latitude and longitude of the earth. Introduction to astrology is a question and answer about basic knowledge such as mathematics, geometry, astronomy and astrology. He is also the author of pharmacy, mineralogy and physics. He explained the gushing of spring water with the principle of hydrostatics, explained the geological phenomenon with the principle of physics, and pointed out that the Indian Valley was once a basin. He also introduced selected translations of Euclid's and Ptolemy's works on mathematical astronomy to India. Philosophically, biruni followed ibn sina, respected reason and knowledge, advocated the theory of double truth, and had simple materialism. He believes that what happens in the creation and domination of nature by matter itself belongs to matter, which is constantly evolving and changing the shape of specific objects. Nature is the standard to judge whether people know correctly or not, and spiritual ability (soul, thinking, etc. ) is a characteristic of the body. Philosophy is the highest rational knowledge, and religion is the moral code that binds people's thoughts and behaviors, aiming at promoting good and stopping evil. Religion and science are two. Biruni was praised by later scholars as an "encyclopedic scholar" and an "envoy of various cultural exchanges", enjoying a high reputation in the history of Iranian science and culture. A crater on the moon was named after him.