20 1 1 Anhui junior high school graduation examination paper * * * Three major questions 16, out of 60 points, the examination time of chemical physics *** 120 minutes. Possible relative atomic masses: H- 1, C- 12, N- 14, O- 16, Cl-35.5. 1. This question contains 10 small questions, each with 2 points and * * * 20 points. Only one of the four alternative answers to each question meets the meaning of the question. Please fill in the answer number of your choice in the brackets after the question. 1. Among the following changes in the kitchen, the physical changes are: a. rotten apples; b. squeezed juice; c. moldy bread; d. rusty kitchen knives; 2. It is reported that the "shrimp washing powder" used for washing lobsters contains sodium citrate and sodium sulfite [Na2SO3], which may be harmful to human health. The valence state of S element in Na2SO3 is A.-2 B.+2 C.+4 D.+63. The following are pollution-free green foods rich in vitamins that consumers rely on: A. Hu Aixiang brand japonica rice B. Wanjiang brand vegetables C. Wuwei dried salted duck D. Three treasures of Chaohu Lake: white shrimp, crab and whitebait 4. 50000.0000000000005 The following statements about clenbuterol are correct: A. Clenbuterol belongs to organic substances B. Clenbuterol contains 3 1. The following statement about water is wrong: A. Water pollution has nothing to do with human activities. B.the water in nature is not pure water. Water molecules maintain the chemical properties of water. The available fresh water resources on the earth are limited. 7. The following measures are inconsistent with the concept of "energy saving, environmental protection and low carbon" of the World Expo. A. Sunlight is collected and rainwater is stored in the "Sunshine Valley". It can provide lighting electricity and domestic water for the Expo site. B. Large areas of ecological plants are planted on the east and west walls of the theme pavilion to absorb carbon dioxide. C. Coal is used for power generation to ensure sufficient power supply. D new energy technologies are widely used in transportation, buildings and living facilities to reduce the use of fossil fuels. 8.205438+0 1. 1.00, blood lead of some children in Huaining County. The figure shows the information about lead. The following statements are incorrect: a. There are 82 protons in the lead core; B. Compared with the original mass of 207.2C, lead is toxic and children can't use pencils; Lead can react with dilute sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen. 9. Wuhu Iron Painting is a wonderful flower in China Arts and Crafts Garden. It is made of steel through forging, welding, pickling and painting. The following statements about iron paintings are incorrect: a. Iron paintings should be hung in a dry environment; B. The rust on the materials used can be washed off with dilute hydrochloric acid; C, painting the finished iron painting, which is beautiful and rust-proof; D. The main material used ── low carbon steel, which has good forging and rolling properties, does not belong to ferroalloy (10). The solubility curves of several substances are shown on the right. Then the following statements are correct: a. ammonium chloride has the greatest solubility; B the solubility of sodium sulfate increases with the increase of temperature; C the mass fraction of solute in saturated solution of sodium sulfate is 50% at 40℃; D. When the saturated solution at 40℃ is cooled to 20℃, sodium sulfate precipitates out at most; 2. This question includes 5 questions with a score of ***34. 1 1.(6 points) The picture on the right shows the liquid carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Please answer the following questions. (1) Among the substances marked in the diagram, those belonging to metallic materials are (only one type), and those belonging to organic materials are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (only one type). (2) Pressurize liquid carbon dioxide in a small steel cylinder, and then put out the fire. Its principle is _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _. (3) The function of painting on the cylinder platform is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (4) Methods that can be used to compare the metal activities of iron and copper. 12.(7 points) A chemical interest group used excessive force when scrubbing test tubes. Causes the bottom of the test tube to be penetrated, leaving a round hole. Inspired by the teacher. The interest group turns waste into treasure, rolls fine copper wire into small balls and puts them at the bottom of the test tube, with a catheter with a single-hole rubber plug and a beaker, to assemble a gas-making device in the laboratory, as shown in the right picture. (1) If the device is used to generate carbon dioxide, Block A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Chemical equation: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; If hydrogen is generated by such a device, Chemical equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2) Before preparing gas, the air tightness of the device must be checked. Write down your method of checking the air tightness of the equipment: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 13.(7 points) Zhongan Online 2011February 15 reported that Chuzhou, Anhui Province is relying on timely resources to build and cultivate a silicon industry of 100 billion yuan. The main component is silicon dioxide, which is the raw material of glass industry and ceramic industry, and also the flux of metallurgical industry. The structure of (1) silica is similar to that of diamond, and it is composed of (filled with "molecules", "atoms" or "ions"). Silica belongs to (filled with acid, alkali, salt or oxide). (2) reagent bottle with sodium hydroxide solution cannot use glass stopper, because at room temperature, NaOH reacts slowly with SiO2 in glass stopper to generate Na2SiO3 and H2O. Na _ 2 SiO _ 3 makes the bottle mouth and bottle stopper stick together, so the chemical equation of the reaction is. (3) Silicon is an indispensable material for solar cells and computer chips. The schematic diagram of the process flow for producing high-purity silicon is as follows: ① The reaction for preparing crude silicon is: SiO2+2C Si+2CO↑, and the basic type of reaction is ② The whole preparation process must be water-free and oxygen-free. If O2 is mixed in the process of reducing SiHCl3 with H2, the possible consequences are as follows. (3) In order to achieve the purpose of green chemistry and resource conservation, the substance A needs to be recycled, and the chemical formula of A is 14. (7 points) The following is the relevant experimental data of a research group exploring some factors affecting the reaction rate. Experimental serial number H2O2 solution concentration %H2O2 solution volume /mL temperature ℃MnO2 dosage /g oxygen collection volume /mL reaction time/s151200.1416.75 ②1515. From the experiment and comparison, we can know that the relationship between chemical reaction rate and temperature is as follows: (2) The essence of chemical reaction is the result of the contact and collision of microscopic particles, and the chemical reaction rate is related to the probability of microscopic particles. Try to explain from the microscopic point of view that the greater the concentration of reactants, the faster the chemical reaction rate. (2 points) (3) Use a certain amount of 15% hydrogen peroxide solution to generate oxygen. In order to reduce the reaction rate, a proper amount of water can be added for dilution to produce the total weight of oxygen (select "decrease" or "unchanged" or "increase"). 15.(7 points) In chemistry class, classmate A quickly put the burning sodium into a gas cylinder filled with CO2, where the sodium continued to burn, and cooled after the reaction, with black particles attached to the bottom of the bottle and white material attached to the bottle wall. Ask questions: What are black particles and white material? Guess A thinks that the black particles are, and white material may be Na2O or; Student B also thinks that white material is sodium hydroxide. A classmate immediately thought that B classmate's guess was wrong, because. According to the data, sodium oxide is a white powder, which dissolves in water to generate sodium hydroxide: Na2O+H2O = 2NaOH. A student made an experimental study on white materials. Experimental scheme: practical operation: experimental phenomenon conclusion scheme 1: take a small amount of samples in a test tube, add a proper amount of water, shake until all samples are dissolved in water, and add colorless phenolphthalein test solution to make it become red white material. Scheme 2: ① Take a small amount of samples in a test tube, add a proper amount of water, shake until all samples are dissolved in water, and add excessive CaCl2 _ 2 solution to produce white precipitate. White material: ② Let it stand for a while, take the supernatant from the test tube and add colorless phenolphthalein dropwise. The chemical equation of sodium burning in carbon dioxide is. What conclusions can you draw from the above exploration? Please write two. 4 points will be awarded for this small question, but the total score of the whole paper will not exceed 60 points. 3. This question ***6 points 16. (6 points) The rocket launching the communication satellite uses hydrazine (N2H4) as fuel and nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) as combustion improver, so the product will not pollute the atmosphere. The chemical equation of (1) reaction is 2n2h4+n2o4 = 3+4h2o. Please fill in the chemical formula on the horizontal line and complete the chemical equation. (2) Please calculate the mass of N2O4 required for complete combustion of 9.6gN2H4, refer to the answer 1. This big question contains 10 small questions, each with 2 points and * * * 20 points. The question number 123456789 10 answers BCBADACCDD II. This big problem includes five small problems. ***34 points 1 1. (6 points) (1 minute per space) (1) copper (or iron or steel) plastic (or paint) (2) cooling and air isolation (3) rust prevention (all other reasonable answers are given points) (4) insert iron sheet into copper sulfate solution (all other reasonable answers are given points) (/kloc-0 Close the water stop clip (or block the catheter with your fingers), insert the bottom-hole test tube into the water, and observe whether the liquid level in the test tube rises slowly (or immerse the bottom-hole part of the test tube into the water, and then hold the test tube with your hands. Observe whether there are bubbles at the bottom) (feasible score of the scheme) 13. (7 points) (1) Atomic oxide (2)2NaOH+ SiO2 = Na2SiO3+H2O(3) Replacement reaction silicon oxidation can't get high purity silicon. The explosion occurred in HCl 14. (7 points) (1) reactant concentration (or concentration) ③ The higher the temperature, the faster the chemical reaction rate (2) The greater the reactant concentration, the more particles contained in the reactant per unit volume, and the greater the probability of collision between particles. The faster the chemical reaction rate, (3) keep 15 unchanged. (7 points) Assuming that there is no hydrogen in carbon [C] Na2CO3 or Na2O, Na2CO3 reactant (or violating the law of conservation of mass, the answer is reasonable). Experimental exploration and reflection on Na2CO3 The alkalinity of Na2CO3 solution will also make phenolphthalein turn red, and it is concluded that 4Na+3CO2CO2CO3+C reward is not necessary for combustion. CO2 can support combustion under certain conditions; When sodium metal is on fire, CO2 cannot be used to extinguish it; The reaction between metal sodium and CO2 belongs to displacement reaction. As long as it is reasonable) 16. (1) N2 (1) (2) Solution: Let the mass of combustion-supporting substance N2O4 be X2N2H4+N2O4 = = 3N2+4H2O6492 (1) 9.6kg x (65438+).