Zu Chongzhi ZH. * * */wiki/%E7% A5% 96% E6% B2% 96% E4% B9% 8B Zu Chongzhi (429-500), a Wen Yuan native, was a mathematician and astronomer in the Liu and Song Dynasties. Zu Chongzhi's ancestral home is Kuai County, Fanyang County. In order to escape the war, Zu Chongzhi's grandfather, Zuchang, moved from Hebei to Jiangnan. Zuchang was once a "great craftsman" in Liu Song, in charge of civil engineering; Zu Chongzhi's father is also a DPRK official. Zu Chongzhi was born in Jiankang. Generations have been studying astronomical calendars, and Zu Chongzhi has been exposed to astronomical and mathematical knowledge since childhood. Zu Chongzhi gained a reputation as a learned man when he was young. When Emperor Xiaowu of Song heard about it, he sent him to "Hualin Xue Province" for research. 46 1 year, worked in the secretariat of southern Xuzhou, and successively served as a historian and government official in southern Xuzhou to join the army. In 464 AD, he was transferred to Lou County as a county magistrate. During this period, he compiled Da Li Ming and calculated pi. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Zu Chongzhi returned to Jiankang as a servant. After that, he spent a lot of energy studying mechanical manufacturing until the demise of the Song Dynasty. From 494 to 498, he served as a captain of Changshui in the Southern Qi Dynasty and received four salaries. In view of the constant war at that time, he wrote "On Security" and suggested that the imperial court reclaim wasteland, develop agriculture, stabilize people's livelihood and consolidate national defense. Zu Chongzhi died at the age of 72. Zu Chongzhi's major achievements are in mathematics, astronomical calendar and mechanical manufacturing. In addition, it is recorded in history that Zu Chongzhi is proficient in temperament and good at playing chess, and he also wrote the novel "A Record of Different Stories". Zu Chongzhi wrote a lot, but most of them have been lost. Zu Chongzhi's son Zu Xuan is also a mathematician. To commemorate Zu Chongzhi, people named a crater on the back of the moon as "Zu Chongzhi Crater", an asteroid 1888 as "Zu Chongzhi Asteroid" and an urban road in Zhangjiang High-tech Park in Pudong, Shanghai as "Zu Chongzhi Road".

Archimedes picture reference: Mike kong/images/Mathematici/ Archimedes (Archimedes, about 287 BC-2 BC12) is a famous mathematician, mechanic, physicist and inventor in Greece. Born in Syracuse, Sicily, died in the same place. He studied under Euclid's disciples in Alexandria in his early years and made some contributions to the further development of Euclid's mathematics. Later, he kept close contact with scholars in Alexandria, so he was a member of the school. Many of his academic achievements have been preserved through correspondence with scholars in Alexandria. In mathematics, later generations spoke highly of him, calling him "the God of Mathematics" and being recognized as one of the three greatest mathematicians of all time. He left only 10 kinds of monographs, among which On Spheres and Cylinders deduced more than 50 propositions about the area and volume of spheres and cylinders from six definitions and five axioms. In essence, Proposition 4 in the next volume is to solve the problem equivalent to cubic equation x2(a-x)=b2c by geometric method. The measurement of a circle has only three propositions. The perimeter of a regular 96-sided polygon inscribed in a circle is calculated, and the pi is between 3110 and 3 1/7. Proposition ***32 of "On Split Cone Surfaces and Ellipsoids", studies the revolving bodies of several conic curves and the volumes of these solids truncated by planes. The first two lemmas are arithmetic progression's sum formula and the square sum formula of natural numbers. On Spiral contains 28 propositions, discussing the area and tangent drawn by archimedean spiral. Sand counter is the only arithmetic work, which designs a method that can represent any large number. There are 24 propositions in the quadrature of parabolic bow, which can determine the area of the bow surrounded by a parabola and any string. He also designed a "herding problem", which led to a quadratic indefinite equation. In addition, he also found 13 kinds of semi-regular polyhedron, the "Helen formula" in which the triangle area is represented by edges and the drawing method of regular heptagon. In fact, his rigorous method of measuring curves, areas and surfaces gave birth to modern calculus. In other disciplines, he has made great achievements in history with Archimedes buoyancy principle, lever law, finding the center of gravity of plane graphics, manufacturing astronomical instruments and screw pumps. He is regarded as a model that combines skillful calculation skills with strict proof, and closely combines abstract theory with concrete application of engineering technology. He also laid the foundation of mechanics, statics and hydrostatics.

Reference: mikekong/Maths/maths-frame

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss,1April 30, 777-1February 23, 855), was born in Brunswick and died in G? ttingen, a famous German mathematician, physicist, astronomer and geodetic scientist. Gauss is regarded as the most important mathematician and has the reputation of "prince of mathematics". 1792, 15-year-old Gauss entered Brunswick College. There, Gauss began to study advanced mathematics. The general form of binomial theorem, quadratic reciprocity law in number theory, prime number theorem and arithmetic geometric average are discovered. 1795 Gauss entered the University of G? ttingen. 1796, 19-year-old gauss got a very important achievement in the history of mathematics, that is, the theory and method of drawing a regular heptagon ruler. 1855 On the morning of February 23rd, 77-year-old Gauss died in his sleep.