A Dream of Red Mansions, the titles mentioned in this article include The Story of the Stone, The Record of Love Monks, The Mirror of the Moon and Twelve Women in Jinling. In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong, Chen Jia (1784), The Dreamer's Preface was officially named A Dream of Red Mansions. Before that, this book was usually named The Story of the Stone, and then A Dream of Red Mansions replaced The Story of the Stone as a popular title. Written in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (JOE, 1754), it is regarded as the most accomplished classical novel of China, the pinnacle of China's novel creation, and the first of the "four classical novels" of China's classical novels. Its influence transcends the times and national boundaries, and it is a bright pearl in the history of world literature, and even a subject with the theme of studying A Dream of Red Mansions has emerged in modern times.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the question of "Who is the author of A Dream of Red Mansions" once caused a controversy in China academic circles, which continues to this day. Generally speaking, it can be divided into two theories: first, A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin; Second, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions is another person.
As for A Dream of Red Mansions itself, in the first chapter, it is said that the real author of this story has been unable to be verified, and Cao Xueqin copied it several times, examined it several times and added and deleted it several times. Generally speaking, it is a mainstream view that Cao Xueqin is the author of this book.
A Dream of Red Mansions was originally circulated in the form of a manuscript. 1792, Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E said in Cheng Yi's Introduction to A Dream of Red Mansions: "It was copied 80 times by bibliophiles and circulated for 30 years before it was written." It can be seen that the spread of A Dream of Red Mansions in society began at 1763 or 1764, that is, shortly after Cao Xueqin's death, the book spread in society. Some of the manuscripts named the book "The Story of the Stone". It is generally believed that the first eighty chapters of The Story of the Stone or A Dream of Red Mansions were written by Cao Xueqin, but these eighty chapters did not form a complete book. So many people in later generations continue to write a dream of red mansions. Among them, the most widely circulated version is the 120 version compiled and published by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E in 1792, commonly known as Cheng Yiben.
The manuscripts of A Dream of Red Mansions that have been handed down to this day are:
Jiaxuben: The title is Notes on Zhi Yanzhai's Re-evaluation of Strange Stones, 1-8, 13- 16, 25-28, *** 16, which is divided into four volumes. For the first time, there is a sentence that other books don't have: The Story of the Stone is still in use when reading and commenting on Zhi Yanzhai and Xu Jia. Hence the name. JOE, 1754. This book has more than 1000 comments and is called "Fat Criticism".
Mao Yi edition: A book entitled "Re-evaluation of the Stone Story by Hongyan Zhai" contains1-20,31-40,55 (the second half), 56,57,58,59 (the first half) and 6 1-63. On the directory page of Volume 3 1-40, there are six words "Mao Yidong Ding Yueben", so it is called the bazaar book. Trade fairs, 1759.
Geng Chenben: "Re-evaluation of Zhi Yanzhai's The Story of the Stone". Deposit 78, 1-80, losses 64 and 67. Pack it into eight volumes. 10 back to the book. The last four volumes of the directory page have the words "Chen Geng Qiuyue finalized", hence the name. Chen Geng, 1760.
Wangfuben: The famous stone story was found in a Mongolian palace in the Qing Dynasty, hence the name. 120 times.
Qi Xu Ben (Shi Yinben, a native of Nanjing, Shanghai): A famous stone story, named after the life sequence of Qi. 80 times
Yang Ben: Also known as Dream Draft, 120. It was once collected by Yang, hence the name.
Shu: A Dream of Red Mansions. Save 1-40 times. There is a Shu sequence 1789, hence the name.
Russian Collection: The Oriental Institute in Petersburg, Russia. Seven or eight times, five or six times missing. There is no common title. Except for a few times, they are all called stone stories. In more than one place, it is wrong in this text, but this one is correct. The best example is the second sentence of Daiyu's eyebrows, which was originally written like this: a pair of watery eyes. And the first sentence "two curved eyebrows" are an excellent pair. It's very inferior. This sentence should be the original pen of Xueqin. You can make copies.
The Preface to Dreams (Chen Jiaben): A Dream of Red Mansions has the Preface to Dreams. 80 times
Zheng Cangben: 23, 24 times. It was once collected by Zheng Zhenduo, hence its name.
The above-mentioned copywriting, also known as fat copywriting, has the comments of Zhi Yanzhai. All these manuscripts have been photocopied and published (except Shanghai and Nanjing). Later, a printed version of movable type appeared:
Cheng Jiaben (1791):1791printed movable type published by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, 120 times.
Cheng Yiben (1792): 1792 Cheng Weiyuan, movable type printed edition published by Gao E, 120 times. Cheng Jiaben has been revised many times.
The relationship between books
The relationship between these books is an interesting research topic. According to one critic, these books are all from the same manuscript handed down by Cao Xueqin. The differences between manuscripts are formed by copying, and there are not many manuscripts handed down from generation to generation in Qin Xue. He used * * * statistical tables in different languages and other arguments to prove that all manuscripts are manuscripts (including the bazaar edition and Chen Geng edition). Therefore, the study of version relationship should be based on "meeting" rather than "book". Sometimes, we have to go deep into time.
Chapter 40 follow-up book.
The manuscript of A Dream of Red Mansions was lost after 80 chapters. Some people think that the last forty chapters were written by Gao E entrusted by Cheng Weiyuan. The general view is that the sequel is far less valuable in literature than Cao Xueqin's first eighty chapters and Cao Xueqin's purpose, but it generally retains the story structure of the original work and has made great contributions to the wide spread of A Dream of Red Mansions. Some people think that the last 40 chapters are made by others, and the height is just sorting out people.
Main character relationship table
A Dream of Red Mansions has written dozens of lifelike characters, but as for the characters appearing in the book, there are no fewer than hundreds, which is the highest in the world. Many characters in the book are impressive.
Main character
Jia Baoyu-generally regarded as the hero of A Dream of Red Mansions, the plot in the book is mainly centered on him, and the story is written from his past life, which is almost a story of enlightenment in his life. When commenting on Jia Baoyu, Zhi Yanzhai used the word "sentimentality", referring to Jia Baoyu's profound humanistic thought, which can give his feelings to people, things and things without feelings.
Lin Daiyu-generally regarded as the heroine of A Dream of Red Mansions, with Jia Baoyu as the foil, is a typical soul image in China classical literature. Zhi Yanzhai evaluated Lin Daiyu with the word "love", which means that Lin Daiyu can give her feelings to the people she loves.
Xue Baochai-
Shi Xiangyun
Wang Xifeng-generally regarded as the most vivid figure in A Dream of Red Mansions, has a strong secular flavor.
Liwan
Jia Yuanchun
jia yingchun
Jia Tanchun
jia xichun
Qin Keqing is the only one of the twelve women in Jinling written by Cao Xueqin. The fifth one appeared and the thirteenth one died. At the same time, Zhi Yanzhai's comments deleted the original part of "Yin Funeral Tianxiang Building".
Miaoyu
Jiamu
Granny Liu
Attack people
Qingwen
nightingale
Lovebirds
Acoustic transmitter
The Minor Character
You Erjie, You Sanjie, Xiaohong, Jia Yun, Neil, Qin Zhong, Liu Xianglian, Xue Pan, Jia She, Jia Zheng, Jia Zhen, Jia Lian, Xiang Ling, Si Qi, Jinchuan, Yuchuan, Fangguan, Jia Huan, Aunt Zhao, Yan Ming, Mrs Xing and Mrs Wang.
theme
Because this masterpiece is composed of several major axes interspersed with many short stories, there is no unified view on the theme of A Dream of Red Mansions, but the most important thing is the love triangle of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai. Some people think that this masterpiece is about the corruption of aristocratic life in feudal times. There are many thoughts about Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism in the book, which are full of myths and reflect the political ethics and social life at that time.
Adapting movies, television and other performances
The TV series A Dream of Red Mansions was first broadcast on China CCTV.
Yue Opera A Dream of Red Mansions
Huangmei Opera: A Dream of Red Mansions
Kunqu Opera: A Dream of Red Mansions
Movie: Yule in the Red Chamber (Beijing Opera)
TV series: A Dream of Red Mansions is produced by Taiwan Province Huashi TV Company and broadcast on19961to 1997 1; The script is not adapted from the most popular novel version, but its characteristics.
Modern Dance: A Dream of Red Mansions Cloud Gate Dance Collection was choreographed and directed by Lin Huaimin on 1983 and performed in the spring of 2005. The biggest difference from other performances is that the role of twelve golden hairpin is not emphasized in the modern dance of Dream of Red Mansions, but the dancers' costumes allow the audience to imagine freely, and the scenery and lighting on the stage alternate with the seasons, showing the course of the Grand View Garden from prosperity to decline.