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Reveal the secret! The national college entrance examination is a piece of paper. Why are the admission scores of the same university different in different places?
2018-03-1012: 28 source: high school students study.
Original title: Secret! College entrance examinations are all national papers.
Why are the admission scores of the same university different in different places?
With the openness of college enrollment information, many candidates and parents have also found such a phenomenon:
Although the same set of national papers is used, the admission scores of the same university in several provinces vary greatly!
The number of candidates in this province is several times that of neighboring provinces, but the number of 985/2 1 1 university admissions in the two provinces is the same!
We should know that as the top of the pyramid of higher education, 985 colleges and universities are all directly under the Ministry of Education or the central ministries and commissions, and they are all "supported" by the central government. It seems that these universities are "born" and should recruit candidates from all over the world in the fairest way-
For example, the national unified examination paper.
For example, the score line is unified nationwide, and at least the provinces with the same test paper are unified.
For example, the enrollment plans of subordinate universities (985 and part 2 1 1) are allocated according to the population proportion of each province.
But why not do it? Why is there a phenomenon of "admission in different provinces, different points in the same school, and the same volume"?
Today, learning brother will disclose information according to 20 17, and rely on "big data" to give you a hidden secret! In order to explain the problem simply and directly, Xue Ge selected nine provinces that use the national 1 volume for key analysis.
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985 and 2 1 1 universities are basically a batch of students. Passing the exam is the "admission ticket" for candidates to participate in key universities. Therefore, to compare the difficulty and fairness of the college entrance examination in the same province, we must first compare the level of one line in each province.
9 provinces (Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Anhui, Fujian) used the national I volume in the 20 17 college entrance examination. There are two lines of comparison in 9 provinces of arts and sciences, as shown in the following table:
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Through comparison, it is found that the highest level of a line of arts and sciences is in Hunan Province, and the lowest level is in Fujian Province. Among them, the first line of science in Hunan is 64 points higher than that in Fujian, and the liberal arts is 59 points higher. The second line of arts and sciences is still the highest in Hunan province, the second line of science is 98 points higher than that of Hebei, and the second line of Hunan liberal arts actually dumped Fujian with 105!
As the main candidates, Henan and Guangdong provinces performed normally. Guangdong's first-line arts and sciences ranks fourth among the nine provinces, and Henan's first-line arts and sciences ranks seventh, which is generally difficult. (Candidates are not necessarily difficult to save in the college entrance examination! )
Then, why do you use the national 1 volume, but the gap between the nine provinces and one line is so big? Here are four questions for your analysis.
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In people's inherent impression, it seems that the more candidates there are in a province, the greater the difficulty of the college entrance examination in that province and the higher the natural score. But the actual data tells us that this is not the case! The number of candidates for arts and sciences in the following table is the number and total number of candidates for arts and sciences in each province calculated according to the table published by the provincial entrance examination institutions. Fujian and Jiangxi have not yet found open information bit by bit, so the data is temporarily lacking.
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Note: The number of applicants for the college entrance examination announced in various places is more than this figure. Because the number of college entrance examination applicants includes the number of non-ordinary college entrance examination applicants such as individual enrollment in higher vocational colleges and individual enrollment in sports specialties. The data in this table only refers to the number of candidates who have participated in all the cultural courses of the general college entrance examination and achieved effective results, so it is more accurate!
Looking at the number of candidates in each province and comparing the scores of each province, Guangdong and Henan have the largest number of candidates, but the scores are far from the highest. There seems to be no correspondence between the number of candidates and the score line. "There are many candidates in our province, and the score line is so high!" This pathetic argument can stop!
There is no direct relationship between the number of candidates and the score of a book. The number of special group "repeat students" among the candidates directly affects the trend of the score line. For example, coastal provinces have good employment conditions and fewer repeat students; However, there are many repeat students in the central provinces, such as Mao Tan Factory Middle School in Anhui and Hengshui Middle School in Hebei. After intensive training in Senior Four, there are naturally many candidates with high scores. Under their pull, a line will rise.
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One-copy rate is related to the number of candidates, one-copy score and the level of candidates, and its influence is gradually increasing, among which the level of candidates is the decisive factor. Look at the table below first:
Statistics on Pass Rate of Volume 1 in Some Provinces of China
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Note: The actual number of applicants and the number of online applicants in the above table are based on the statistical data published by various provinces. Data of Fujian and Jiangxi are temporarily missing.
Observing the above table, we can find that one line in Hebei is not the lowest, the number of candidates is not the least, and the pass rate of one line is the highest; There are a large number of candidates in Guangdong, but one line is not the highest and the crossing rate is the lowest. Among them, the decisive factor is the candidate's performance.
Take Hebei and Guangdong as examples: Hebei has long used the national 1 volume, and the high school teaching model represented by Hengzhong has a broad foundation in the province, which is more suitable for the current college entrance examination requirements. Guangdong is the second year to use the national volume, which is still in the running-in period. In addition, the overall investment and effort of Guangdong candidates in reviewing and preparing for exams may not be comparable to that of Hebei candidates.
If we only say that students in Hebei can bear hardships, Henan will definitely not want to. However, the college entrance examination is not just suffering. The average score and pass rate of college entrance examination in a province are closely related to the basic education level of the whole province! The score line is not high, and the pass rate of one book is not high, which shows that the overall level of basic education needs to be improved.
If the passing rate of a book cannot explain the gap between Henan candidates and Hebei candidates, the comparison of the following scores may be more direct-
20 17 college entrance examination Hebei Henan 985 university (science)
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It can be clearly seen from the above table that among the 37 985 colleges and universities, Hebei's science promotion line is higher than Henan's. The biggest gap is Shanghai Jiaotong University, and the shift line in Hebei is 28 points higher than that in Henan! Henan has 260,000 more candidates than Hebei, so the competition should be more intense. But the fact is, whether it is the score line or the crossing rate, Henan is "completely defeated" in Hebei.
I wonder how Henan candidates feel after reading this comparison. Still complaining about the low admission rate and high scores? Or study hard and spell the score first? !
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It is estimated that some people still want to say: Anyway, Henan and Hebei candidates are suffering, but who is more bitter! Why is the score line in Fujian so low? Not only are there fewer candidates, but there are many enrollment plans! If the enrollment plans of key universities are allocated according to the proportion of population, Henan and Hebei will certainly be much better!
Is the enrollment plan of key universities welfare? Can it be distributed in proportion to the population? If you think so, you can only say that you broke in Tucson!
The number of enrollment plans of colleges and universities participating in a batch of enrollment in each province is mainly divided into two parts: one part is the number of enrollment plans of 985/21kloc-0/colleges and universities (mainly subordinate colleges and universities) in the traditional sense; Second, the number of enrollment plans of provincial colleges and universities allowed to participate in a batch of enrollment in this province.
The number of annual enrollment plans of colleges and universities affiliated to each province needs to be put on record for examination and approval, and will be increased or decreased according to the actual situation, but the increase or decrease will not be too great. Especially in a strong school like 985 University, the number of enrollment plans has not changed much every year.
However, in a batch of enrollment plans, provincial colleges and universities are quite "willful" and it is not easy to increase enrollment plans at will. After all, they have to accept the macro-control of the state, but the phenomenon of "randomly" adjusting batches is widespread. For example, there is only one university (2 1 1) located in the provincial capital. This year, this university has adjusted its professional enrollment plan from two or three to one. So is another powerful university in the province. In this way, a batch of enrollment plans in the province has increased substantially, and it is logical to lower the score line. In recent years, the admission rate of Fujian Province has been increasing, because more and more colleges and universities have entered Fujian to enroll students in batches, and the number of students enrolled has also been increasing.
However, these adjustments and supplements can't change the current enrollment pattern of 985 University and its subordinate universities 2 1 1 in various provinces. This enrollment model depends on two major factors, people and money.
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Whether it is Tsinghua Peking University, 985/2 1 1, or the other two universities, they are essentially schools that teach and educate people. "A big university is called a master and a mansion". First-class universities must have first-class teachers. Besides, there must be top students.
Without good students, no matter how awesome the school is, it is also a tree without roots and water without sources. This is true in Hengzhong, and so is Peking University. In fact, the better the university, the stronger the desire for good students. The annual enrollment war staged by Peking University Tsinghua is the best proof-
20 17 Tsinghua Peking university top scholars admission summary.
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Other 985 universities judge students by individual standards and overall standards. Personal standards are candidates' personal performance and ranking in the province. 2000 or 3000 in each province, personal standards are no problem. The overall standard is a university's overall judgment on the students from a certain province. This judgment comes from the following two aspects:
First, short-term (this year) the province's score line and a rate. It doesn't matter if they are both tall, at least one of them must be tall.
The second is the long-term (four years or even decades) admission of students from the province in the university performance, graduation employment and so on.
The overall judgment on the quality of students in a province is the main "person" who affects the enrollment plan of key universities. Unfortunately, this "person" refers to quality rather than quantity.
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The distribution of enrollment plans of key universities is also inseparable from the word "money".
The operation of universities is a very realistic problem. Whether it is the original supply of commodity grain and non-staple food, or the current teaching and research funds, land, infrastructure and talent treatment, without realistic financial support, everything is a castle in the air. Therefore, the source of university funds dominates the allocation of enrollment plans to a greater extent, rather than the population ratio and the number of candidates in each province!
At present, all kinds of universities in China can be roughly divided into the following three categories according to the sources of funds:
The first category, Tsinghua and Peking University, are the top two universities in China. All the funds are allocated by the Ministry of Education from the central government, but the Beijing Municipal Government also provides various support and guarantees. Therefore, apart from taking proper care of Beijing's contribution, most other places have unified or even quota allocation for national candidates, which is conditional and should be done. At present, these two universities have taken too much care of Beijing's enrollment quota, which is the part that should be reformed most and can be reformed most.
The second category, the vast majority of key universities, including the vast majority of 985 and the vast majority of 2 1 1 institutions. Although theoretically they should be "subordinate universities" directly under the Ministry of Education, they have been localized.
In this kind of university, the funds mainly come from three aspects: budget allocation, scientific research project funds, tuition fees and miscellaneous fees. There is nothing to discuss about tuition and fees, but the first two items are quite localized. The central government accounts for 40% and local governments account for 60%.
With such localized funding sources, it is not surprising that more and more key universities tend to provide nearly half or even more of the local enrollment places in exchange for strong local support.
The third category is local provincial universities. Almost all the funds come from local sources. It is not surprising that they mainly enroll students in this province.
Many provinces are dissatisfied with the enrollment plans of key universities, because almost all nominally state-owned universities are localized. There are no real national universities except Tsinghua and Peking University, while Tsinghua and Peking University just take care of Beijing. In this case, it is impossible to change the localization of enrollment quota allocation without rearranging hundreds of billions of higher education funds into the investment of the central government and making "subordinate universities" truly "subordinate".
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Every year in the college entrance examination, the media in some big provinces always repeat such a "sad" story:
"Our children are the most bitter, our one-book exam is the highest, and our admission rate is the lowest ..." It seems that the people all over the country owe these candidates from other provinces a fair. However, everyone is emotional by this irrational logic, but never pays attention to the truth.
The scores, online rate and filing scores of the above statistics tell us with real figures that a big province for candidates is not necessarily a strong province for education!
China's top higher education resources, represented by 985 University, shoulder the heavy responsibility of cultivating key talents for the country and society. The college entrance examination in 985 university is to select materials for the country first. Talents who really meet the requirements need strong basic education as a support, not just students studying hard and teachers teaching hard. This will be more fully demonstrated in the new college entrance examination reform!
Three generations of gentlemen. Education investment can't be immediate, it needs the efforts of several generations or even generations! In order to fundamentally change the backward situation of education, it is not enough to rely solely on the strong demands of so-called educational equity in some big provinces.
For today's high school students, regardless of the scores and enrollment plans of their own provinces, the first thing to do is to take a good college entrance examination! Only by working hard can we enter the platform of fair PK with young people all over the country, and it is too late to say how good we are!