The reference format of all kinds of foreign language documents is the same as that of Chinese examples, in which the first letters of titles and notional words should be capitalized. The following is the English document reference format I brought to you. I hope you like it.
I. Types of references
The type of reference (i.e. citation) is identified by a single letter, as follows:
[m]- monograph
[C]-Thesis (generally refers to the continuation of the papers published at the meeting, as well as some special papers, such as "xx University Graduate Academic Papers".
Newspaper articles
[J]- Journal articles: Papers published in journals, although sometimes we see them downloaded from the Internet (such as HowNet), are also published in journals, and the electronic journals you see are only their electronic versions.
[D]- Thesis: There is no distinction between master's thesis and doctoral thesis.
[R]- Report: It will usually be in the title. Report on xx*. Writing character model
[s]- standard
[p]- patent
[a]- Articles: rarely used, mainly articles that do not belong to the above types.
[z]- For documents that do not belong to the above types, letters can be used. Z. identification, but this situation is rare. 、
Identification of common electronic files and carrier types:
[db/ol]- Online data (database online)
[DB/MT]- Tape Database (DatabaseonMagnetic)
[M/CD]- monograph
[CP/DK]- Disk software (computer program disk)
[j/ol]- serial online
[EB/OL]- bulletin board system Online
Obviously, the logo is the English abbreviation of resources,/indicating the previous type,/indicating the carrier of the latter resources, such as OL indicating online resources.
Second, the format and examples of references
1. Journal
Format [serial number] author. Title [J] Name of publication, year of publication, volume number and page number (issue number).
for instance
CHOW Yung, Robert, Ren Zhiguo, Yang Shanglei, Li Xingxing. Thinking and Practice of Graduation Design Management under the New Situation [J]. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Teaching, 2003(6): 107- 109.
[2] Xia Lvhui. Investigation report on graduation project (thesis) teaching in colleges and universities [J]. Science Higher Education, 2004( 1):46-52.
[3]Heider, E.R. & Ampere. Zhang Zhiyong, Wang Xiaodong. Semantic Structure and Semantic Relationship of Language [J]. Beijing: Science Press, 2002. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3):6267.
2. Monographs
Format [serial number] author. Title [M]. Place of publication: publishing house, year of publication: page number.
for instance
[4] Liu Guojun, Wang Liancheng. Research on library history [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,1979:15-18,31.
[5] Jill, R. Master of English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985:42-45.
3. newspapers
Format [serial number] Author, article title [n], newspaper name, publication date (edition).
for instance
[6] Li Dalun. The importance of economic globalization. Guangming Daily, 1998- 12-27(3).
[7] Frenchman W. Between Silence: Statement from China [N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8- 15(33).
Step 4 try
Format [serial number] author. Title [C]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: starting page number.
for instance
[8] Five Blessingg. Selected western literary theories [C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1979:12-17.
[9] spivak, g .CantheSubalternSpeak? . Nielsen company; Ampere Grosberg (editor. ). VictoryinLimbo: imitationism [C]. Urbana: UniversityofIllinoisPress, 1988, pp.27 1-3 13.
Almarza，G . G . studentforeign language teacher & amp； #39。 Freeman and J. C. Richards ).teacher learning language teaching[C]。 New york: Cambridge University Press 1996.
5. Thesis
Format [serial number] author. Title [D] Place of publication: depositor, year of publication: starting page number.
for instance
Zhang Zhusheng. Invariant set of differential semi-dynamic system [D]. Beijing: Institute of Mathematics, Peking University Department of Mathematics, 1983: 1-7.
6. Research report
Format [serial number] author. Title [R]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: starting page number.
for instance
Feng Xiqiao. LBB Analysis of Pressure Piping and Pressure Vessel of Nuclear Reactor [R]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology Design and Research, 1997:9- 10.
7. patents
Format [serial number] Patent owner. Title [P]. Country: patent number, release date.
for instance
[13] Jiang Xizhou. Preparation scheme of a warm external medicine [P]. China patent: 88 10560730726.
8. Standards
Format [serial number] standard number, standard name.
for instance
[14] GB/t16159-1996, basic rules of Chinese pinyin orthography [S].
9. Procedures
Format [serial number] Publisher, regulation name and release date
for instance
Science and Technology Commission of the People's Republic of China. Measures for the administration of sci-tech periodicals [z]. 099 1-06-05
10. Electronic document
Format [serial number] is mainly responsible for. Title of electronic document, source [electronic document and carrier type identification] or available address of electronic document, publication or update date/reference date.
for instance
Wang Mingliang. On the progress of standardized database system engineering of academic journals in China [EB/OL]. /pub/wml . txt/9808 102 . html， 199808 16/ 199865438+
Wanjin Abstract of Journal of China University (1983 1993). English version [DB/CD] Beijing: China Encyclopedia Publishing House, 1996.
1 1. Various undefined documents.
Format [serial number] Principal responsible person. Document title [Z]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
Special note: anything that appears in. References. The punctuation in the item has lost its original meaning, and all punctuation must be half-angle. If your input method has a half-angle/full-solution conversion, just switch to the half-angle state. If your input method does not have this conversion function, just turn off the Chinese input method and input in English input state.
In fact, many input methods (such as the popular Sohu input method) provide four combinations:
(1) Chinese punctuation+full angle: At this time, the punctuation entered is like this: 1- (at this time, I didn't find any keys to input/symbols), that is, these symbols must not appear in. References. Medium.
(2) Chinese punctuation+half-angle: The punctuation entered at this time is like this: 1- (I haven't found any keys to input/symbols at this time), that is, these symbols can't appear in. References. Medium.
There are no spaces between the symbols listed above. Can you see the difference between them? I think it's just-the width is a little different, and everything else is the same.
(3) English punctuation+full angle: the punctuation entered at this time is like this. : [ 1]-/
(4) English punctuation+half angle: The punctuation entered at this time is like this. : [ 1]-/
It can be clearly seen from these two items that the biggest difference between a half-width and a full-width is the different width occupied, which is most obvious for numbers, while English punctuation marks are obviously much smaller than Chinese punctuation marks (probably because the functions of English punctuation marks are not as complicated as Chinese, that is to say, the ability of English punctuation marks is not as powerful as Chinese).
So, many people are writing. References. Sometimes I always feel that English punctuation+half angle is unclear and the spacing is too small. Actually, don't worry about this at all If you think it is really too small to look good, use English punctuation+full angle, and there is usually a space after [1].
For more detailed contents, please download the national standard GB/T77 14-2005 from the attachment. But it's long and annoying. Be patient.
For English references, we should also pay attention to the following two points:
(1) Author's name. Last name comes first and last name comes last. Principle, the specific format is: surname, initials of first name. For example, MalcolmRichardCowley should be Cowley, M.R. If there are two authors, the way of the first author remains the same,&; Ampere. After that, the first letter of the second author's first name is put in front, and the surname is put behind. For example, FrankNorris and IrvingGordon should be: Norris, F.&; Mr. Ampere Gordon
(2) Title and registration are in italics, such as Mastering English Literature and English Weekly.
Three. notes
Annotation is a further explanation or supplementary explanation of a specific content in the text of the paper. Notes should be placed in the footer of this page and marked with circle codes ①, ② and ③.
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