How do ordinary people advance to the industry elite? The title of Luo Zhenyu's speech is Friends of Time, or more precisely, Deliberate Practice.

"Deliberate practice" has become a hot word of some people, but a trend is often more likely to become a talk, and only those who really think deeply and practice can improve it.

"Deliberate practice" is a general word, so its content structure and some precautions must be disassembled to better understand.

"Deliberate practice" is the research result of American psychologist Millard J. Erickson, but this growth mode is not strange to us, and can be seen in our life, but it has not been summarized into a mature theoretical system. For example, the growth process of heroes in martial arts novels and the learning style of our school from childhood to adulthood all conform to this law.

Before "deliberate practice", Gradwell put forward the "10,000-hour law" in Alien. If we do something in a field for 10,000 hours, we will become experts.

According to working 8 hours a day and 5 days a week, it will take about 5 years to complete 1 10,000 hours. But many people who have worked for five years or more have not become the elites in the industry. Obviously, the "10,000-hour law" cannot be understood so simply. So the correct way is "deliberate practice", so what is called "deliberate"? It can be summarized into five main points.

Point 1. Interest and talent are the premise.

The stories of countless celebrities can show the importance of "talent" to success. "Talent" refers to those abilities that are naturally sensitive to something and have a strong understanding. Everyone has talent, but it needs constant exploration and trial and error to find out where their strengths lie, and then find the industry that really suits them. Isn't it inappropriate for you to let Xia Qiao, a strong character, practice the exquisite six-pulse Excalibur?

The potential of talent does not mean that we can pay hundreds of times the price of others with a little effort in an industry. The same is true of "Heaven rewards diligence" and "Diligence can make up for it". Now, let's make up for the painful experience of Guo Jing and Guo Daxia. It's just that people in the same industry who don't have this talent have some advantages and will do better. And many people are doing industries that they are not good at or even like. In the long run, the gap will be obvious.

The importance of talent to our acquired practice lies in that it can keep us "enthusiastic" and "better understanding" than others, and these two factors can continue to make deliberate practice continue. Because deliberate practice is actually a massive, repetitive and mechanical practice process.

Understanding can give us a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction, while enthusiasm keeps us a will and expectation. These are my wishes, and I am willing to do so. Timely self-suggestion is an important factor in persistence, and many people tend to give up halfway, which is also the reason why these two factors are missing.

When we see that the top masters in martial arts novels choose apprentices, we must first see whether a person is "stunned by nature" and whether he is a rare martial arts wizard in a hundred years. In fact, the first thing to choose is talent and interest, which is a piece of martial arts material. It has a higher understanding and a stronger willingness to practice martial arts than others, so that it can withstand various fancy abuses such as chopping wood, carrying water and stepping on horses, and practice tirelessly and make little progress.

The second point. Practical psychologists in the study area divide people's understanding of the outside world into three areas: comfort zone, study zone and anxiety zone.

Comfort zone refers to those things that we are already very familiar with, and doing these things has become our habit. Such as driving, cooking and other basic skills. The study area is where we need to improve and challenge, such as reversing the car into the warehouse or cooking a delicious braised pork. Anxiety areas are things that we can't touch at present, such as car stunts in movies and the cooking skills of Michelin restaurant chefs. For God's sake, let's brush the screen. ...

Therefore, if you want to make continuous progress, you must get out of the comfort zone and practice deliberately in the study area. Many people have played chess all their lives, and they are still a rotten chess basket. After cooking all my life, I still know the same thing and my cooking has not improved. That's the reason. It's just a simple low-level repetition, which has already met 10000 hours. And the result?

Let's take martial arts as an example. When the young apprentice has finished the basic skills of chopping wood, carrying water and tying horses, the next step is to practice the first level of martial arts. Practice on the first floor before you can touch the third and fourth floors. Each layer is a learning area relative to the next layer. How many layers are there in Gankun's Great Move and Dragon's Surrender to Eighteen Palms? If you dance and practice, you won't be possessed.

It is the same for us to go to school since childhood. Don't kindergartens, primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools all start writing compositions from the pinyin of a o e?

The third point. Small repeated contact

The usual training of NBA teams is not to play practice matches all the time to train players, but to disassemble basketball actions into multiple modules to practice independently, such as shooting, dribbling and passing. Football training is also about passing, stopping, taking and shooting. In fact, this kind of practice is the solid degree of training basic skills, and basic skills are routines.

Routine is a pattern that we often use in real life. People in the industry will automatically combine the knowledge in their brains when they want to solve some problems, and these knowledge are routines. There is a connection between knowledge, and independent things can only be called "information" but not knowledge. When we need to solve some problems, knowledge and experience will be connected with each other to combine the best solution.

When you negotiate with customers, tactics are to combine routines by respecting each other, doing what they like, avoiding what they hate, mutual benefit and conformity, etc. And a little repeated practice is to know how to respect each other, what good ways to do what they like, and practice these individual modules at your fingertips and combine them freely.

If "understanding" is the father of practice, then "repetition" is the mother of practice.

If we want to learn speech, we must know what factors make up a good speech, including introduction methods, argumentation skills, rhetoric methods, gestures, etc., and then practice them in each link. Imitate the way the speaker speaks, constantly imitate and compare, find out your own shortcomings, and correct them in time. Only by entering the next round of practice can we continuously improve the practice quality of the module.

Superb skills are the result of clever combination of modules. If you don't split the skills, but train them repeatedly as a whole, it is obvious that this is just a wrong overall repetition with little effect.

The fourth point. Timely and effective feedback

As the saying goes, "Reading thousands of books is better than taking Wan Li Road, and taking Wan Li Road is better than pointing out celebrities".

A very important part of deliberate practice is the guidance of senior industry elites. The psychological representation of experts and ordinary people is different. Psychological representation is the corresponding psychological structure when thinking about problems, and it is also a kind of cognitive depth.

In fact, the best education mode is tutoring and apprenticeship, that is, one-on-one, the so-called "mentoring".

After years of training, industry elites have mastered mature evaluation standards and efficient training methods. In this way, in daily practice, mistakes will be given timely, correct and effective feedback, mistakes will be found and targeted training will be carried out. In this sense, the growth model (goal, present situation, choice and countermeasures) in the book High Performance Coach is also to constantly discover the problems in the module and make reflection and correction.

Many coaches are not even as good as their own students in technology. Why do they need coaches? The significance of counseling is to help students make detailed training plans, point out mistakes in time and inform correct actions, so that students can truly feel the fruits of learning and the progress made. If there is no timely and effective feedback, it is a continuation of the error state.

There is no doubt that all kinds of exams in school, all kinds of questions in class and the training of math problems are not a kind of "timely feedback". Many people become tyrants as a result of constant self-correction. Learning from ordinary students is a continuation of mistakes, even turning a blind eye to them and standing still. The skillful moves of the heroes are basically practiced with small sticks.

The improvement of this feedback is an independent "self-reflection". People who are constantly improving have this ability to correct themselves in time and are extremely sensitive to their own mistakes. As long as they make mistakes, they will immediately notice that there is always a sense that bystanders look at themselves.

The fifth point. buy time

The difference between people is determined by two hours after work.

If you want to become an industry elite as soon as possible, that means you have to reach 10000 hours in advance, that means you have to work hard with time that others can't see.

Lin Qingxuan's grandmother died when he was in primary school, and his parents told him "Grandma will never come back". Lin Qingxuan asked, "What do you mean, gone forever?" His father said, "nothing in time will come back." Your yesterday has passed, it will always be yesterday, and you will never return to it. Dad used to be as young as you, and now he can't go back to your childhood. One day you will grow up, you will be as old as your grandmother, one day you will spend all your time and you will never come back like your grandmother. "

Since then, Lin Qingxuan has developed the habit of racing against time, running home from school and racing against the sun. During the summer vacation, I finished my summer homework in ten days. In the third grade, I did my brother's homework in the fifth grade. Every time I play time, I don't know how to describe it In his later years, he benefited a lot from it.

This story is very touching. Many times when we have something fully, we don't cherish it, such as time, money and emotion. When what we have becomes scarce and we really lose what we can't get back, we will feel anxious and guilty. When we enter a kind of scarce thinking, it will affect the judgment of doing things, enter the voyeuristic psychology, and will not use time. This is also an important content in the book Scarcity.

People can never run through time, but they can take a step faster than before. If they work harder, sometimes they can run faster. Although these steps are small, they are very useful.

If you are one step ahead of others, your luck may come earlier than others. The significance of luck lies in that it will multiply people's ability and make people have a higher platform. Standing on a higher platform and then fighting for the opportunity of that platform, the resulting gap may be exponential growth.

The routine of "deliberate practice" is not omnipotent. A person's success is also related to family, education, resources, luck, cognition, morality and other factors, and is the result of the comprehensive action of many factors. However, this model is a common and necessary routine for us to be brave and diligent, a spirit of rote learning, and a way to make friends with time. And the elites in every industry are the result of screening time friends.

Repetition is just childish practice, which can't bring progress. The correct approach requires three conditions: 1 good tutor, 2 goals and 3 feedbacks.

As for a good tutor, I think a good tutor is not necessarily a specific person, it can be a book or a paragraph.

With regard to having goals, I think we should not be satisfied with our ability just right, but pursue very good ones. This is our big goal and direction.

When practicing purposefully and deliberately, we should always think of the word diligence. Lang Lang, an internationally renowned pianist, said that without diligence, there would be nothing! As the ancients said, heaven rewards diligence, learning from time to time, and knowing and doing are one.

Yes, these are all important. We should practice diligently and apply what we have learned.

Some people may say that a lot of knowledge is not needed now. Then, I'll tell you a paragraph: When Jobs was studying calligraphy, he never thought that his beautiful handwriting would bring creative inspiration to Apple's design in the future. Some skills, if you master them first, will surprise you at the right time one day. For these surprises, you must constantly build and polish yourself.

Everyone has his own unique learning methods and habits. We should find the most suitable method and develop good living habits.

Effective study is not to practice and study hard behind closed doors, but to find your own small study group, where partners get together to keep warm, learn from each other, encourage each other, find the bright spots in others and find their own shortcomings.

Imitate the example, the power of the example is infinite.

To make use of the adaptability of the brain, we should have a clear definition and goal of practice, persist in practice, break through the limit, practice more and practice more.

For example, if we want to engrave it in our hearts, we can set ourselves such a goal: recite it three times in a row without making mistakes.

Clearly defined specific goals can be effectively used to guide your practice.

Concentration also plays a key role in practice. When you really want to achieve your goal, you will force yourself to concentrate.

When your eyes and heart only have the current goal, you have achieved concentration.

For example, you can tell yourself in your heart that this will be a big turning point and I will definitely break through! Or: "This big task is coming. If I get through this, it's all over! I want to pass this level! "

When the goal is completed, you can clap your hands or clap your hands loudly to celebrate yourself!

Of course, other people's methods may not be completely suitable for themselves.

We study to get inspiration from other people's experience, and find the best way for ourselves by the light of inspiration.

3 About feedback

You must know whether you are doing right or wrong. If not, what's wrong with you? What's the matter? Find new ways to make up for these weaknesses. What knowledge is difficult for you to remember and what is completely ok for you. Without feedback, you can't clearly know where you need to improve, or how far you are from achieving your goals now.

To force yourself out of your comfort zone, you can stride forward. People who can never get out of their comfort zone can only stay in useless childish exercises and cannot move forward.

After reading this book, I said to myself: "From now on, the last stop, push yourself to the bottom and devote myself to every small goal." I want to succeed! I want to win!

Use your determination, perseverance and courage to reject all temptations that have nothing to do with your goals. Strive to carry out deliberate practice to the end and make progress all the way!