First, what should I pay attention to when solving application problems?
1. Strengthen basic knowledge training and master basic quantitative relations.
The basic quantitative relation refers to the application of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. For example, find how much one number is less than another number and calculate it by subtraction; ; Find out how much is a few and solve it by multiplication. Therefore, mastering the basic quantitative relationship is the basis for solving application problems. When reviewing, we should arrange some application questions that need supplementary conditions, so that students can quickly think of what conditions are needed when they see this question. On this basis, do some exercises to train divergent thinking. If two conditions are given: five white rabbits and four black rabbits, let the students ask more questions. Ask students to ask questions that only need one step calculation, such as "How many white rabbits are there than black rabbits". In addition, writing application problems is also an exercise that can help students consolidate the quantitative relationship. On the other hand, it also lays a good foundation for analyzing complex application problems.
2. Analyze questions correctly and answer flexibly.
The commonly used methods to solve application problems generally adopt synthesis method and analysis method. Focus on teaching analytical methods when reviewing. Pay attention to analyze the problems in the application problem, and which algorithm is used for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. To solve this problem, we need to know those quantities before we do it. It is forbidden to do it blindly without looking at the questions.
3. Organize and summarize the links between knowledge points to form a knowledge network.
The difference between more and less of the same quantity forms a series of quantitative relations. In the review of application problems, multiple solutions to one problem is also an effective practice way to communicate the internal relationship between knowledge.
Second, the classification and solutions of common application problems in the first and second grades of primary schools
Application problems consist of conditions and questions. An application question, except the last sentence with a question mark, is a conditional question, and the question with a question mark is a question. If there are several question marks in the topic, there are several questions, and each question should be answered when solving the problem, otherwise there will be missing answers.
Most application problems in primary schools will have keywords or words, such as "greater than", "less than" and "one"
* * * "and so on. We should grasp these key words when we answer. Now, I summarize the types of application problems and related solutions as follows:
1. The question contains "Remaining"
To solve this kind of problem, we usually give the sum of two quantities first, and then tell you how much is missing and how much is left. When you encounter this problem, you should think of subtraction when you do it.
Example students made 14 flags and used 9 flags. How many flags are left now? 14-9=5 (face) A: There are five flags left.
2. There are "many (big)" and "few (small)" in the subject conditions.
The solution to this kind of problem is to give a quantity first, and then add "A is greater than B (larger)" or "A is less than B (smaller)" in the condition, so that another quantity can be found. When solving a problem, we should first analyze which is more and which is less, and then do the problem according to the principle of more or less.
Xiao Ming has 13 stamps Xiaoming has seven more stamps than Liang Xiao. How many stamps are there in Xiao Liang? Liang Xiao has fewer stamps, so we subtract 13-7=6 (pieces). Answer: Liang Xiao has 6 pieces. This question contains "than"
To solve this kind of problem is to give two quantities first, and then ask how much more (less) one quantity is than the other. When solving problems, you should think of subtraction and subtract decimals directly from large numbers.
For example, Liang Xiao has 1 1 pencils, and Xiao Yong has six pencils. How many pencils is Xiao Yong less than Liang Xiao? 1 1-6=5 (branches) A: Xiao Yong has five fewer branches than Liang Xiao. 4. The question contains "a * * *"
To solve this kind of problem is to give two or more quantities first, and then ask what a * * * is. The topic of "one * * *" is addition. When solving a problem, all the quantities in the problem should be calculated and added.
Example: The little monkey picked 20 peaches, and the bear gave it 8 more. How many are there in this little monkey? The little monkey used to have peaches, which were given by the bear, that is, the little monkey now has 20+8=28 peaches (A): the little monkey has 28 peaches.