Mathematics comes from the ancient Greek word μθξμα(máthēma), which means learning, learning and science. Ancient Greek scholars regarded it as the starting point of philosophy and the "foundation of learning". In addition, there is a narrow and technical meaning-"mathematical research". Even in its etymology, its adjective meaning related to learning will be used to refer to mathematics. Its plural form in English and its plural form in French +es become mathématiques, which can be traced back to the Latin neutral plural (Mathematica) and translated by Cicero from the Greek plural τ α α θ ι α ι κ (Tamath ē matiká).
2. In ancient China, mathematics was called arithmetic, also called arithmetic, and finally it was changed to mathematics. Arithmetic in ancient China was one of the six arts (called "number" in the six arts).
3. Mathematics originated from early human production activities. The ancient Babylonians had accumulated some mathematical knowledge, which could be applied to practical problems. As far as mathematics itself is concerned, their mathematical knowledge is only obtained through observation and experience, and there is no comprehensive conclusion and proof, but their contribution to mathematics should also be fully affirmed.
4. The knowledge and application of basic mathematics are indispensable in individual and group life. Part of it The refinement of its basic concepts can be seen in ancient mathematical classics of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and ancient India. Since then, its development has made small progress. But algebra and geometry at that time were still independent for a long time.
Algebra can be said to be the most widely accepted "mathematics". It can be said that algebra is the first mathematics that everyone has been exposed to since childhood. Algebra, as a discipline to study numbers, is also one of the most important parts of mathematics. Geometry is the earliest branch of mathematics that people began to study.
6. Until the Renaissance in16th century, Descartes founded analytic geometry, which linked algebra and geometry which were completely separated at that time. From then on, we can finally prove the theorem of geometry by calculation. At the same time, abstract algebraic equations can also be graphically represented, and later more detailed calculus was developed.
7. There are many branches of mathematics at present. French Bourbaki School, founded in 1930s, thinks that mathematics, at least pure mathematics, is a theory to study abstract structures. Structure is a deductive system based on initial concepts and axioms. They think that mathematics has three basic parent structures: algebraic structure (group, ring, field and lattice), ordered structure (partial order and total order) and topological structure.
8. Mathematics is applied in many different fields, including science, engineering, medicine and economics. The application of mathematics in these fields is generally called applied mathematics, which sometimes arouses new mathematical discoveries and promotes the development of a brand-new mathematics discipline. Mathematicians also study pure mathematics, that is, mathematics itself, without any practical application. Although many works begin with the study of pure mathematics, they may find suitable applications later. Specifically, there are sub-fields to explore the relationship between the core of mathematics and other fields: from logic and set theory (mathematical basis), to empirical mathematics in different sciences (applied mathematics), to more modern uncertainty research (chaos and fuzzy mathematics).