Question 2: Give examples: Practice is the source of knowledge; The role of practice in cognition.
Dialectical materialism epistemology holds that practice plays a decisive role in the relationship between practice and cognition. This decisive role is manifested in: practice is the source of cognition, the driving force of cognition development, the only criterion to test whether cognition is correct or not, and the purpose and destination of cognition.
(A) Practice is the source of knowledge
Dialectical materialism epistemology holds that human knowledge can only be produced on the basis of practice. Cognition is the reflection of the subject to the object, and the object is the object and content of cognition, and cognition cannot be formed by the object alone. The subjective ability is a necessary condition for the formation of cognition, but only the initiative of the subject will not produce cognition. Only in the practice of interaction between subject and object can knowledge be produced. Because only through practice can people's senses touch objects, so that objective things and phenomena can be reflected in people's minds; Only through practice and repeated interaction between subject and object can the essential characteristics of the object be gradually exposed and mastered by the subject. Therefore, practice is the source of knowledge. All scientific knowledge is a summary of people's practical experience and is obtained from practice. In the practice of production activities and scientific experiments, people gradually understand the phenomena, essence and laws of nature and the relationship between man and nature, thus producing natural science and production skills. In practice, people gradually understand the relationship between people, the essence of society and the law of movement, thus forming various social sciences. Philosophy is a generalization and summary of knowledge of nature and social knowledge. In the final analysis, it also comes from practice.
Dialectical materialism epistemology emphasizes that knowledge comes from practice and does not rule out the importance of learning indirect experience. In fact, for a person, it is impossible to practice everything directly because of the limited scope of practice and the infinite diversity and eternal development of the objective world. The development of human cognition has inherent continuity and inheritance, and it is not necessary for a person to practice everything. Most of a person's experience is obtained indirectly through study. But it is an indirect experience for me, and it is a direct experience for others or predecessors. Generally speaking, all knowledge comes from practice. Practice is the source of knowledge, and indirect experience is the stream of knowledge. Therefore, we should not only study and study indirect experience hard, but also actively participate in practice. arc
(B) Practice is the driving force of cognitive development
The decisive role of practice in cognition is also manifested in the fact that practice is the driving force for the development of cognition. The history of human cognition shows that human cognition develops with the development of practice. The development of modern science, the emergence of new disciplines and the increase of new knowledge are all driven by practice. Practice becomes the driving force of cognitive development. This is because: first, the development of social practice constantly puts forward new topics to be solved, which promotes the continuous development of human understanding. On the basis of summing up the new experience provided by practice, people put forward new theories and solve new problems, and knowledge will advance. In the past two or three decades, the needs of industrial agriculture and military development have produced and promoted the development of high-energy physics, cybernetics, information theory, system theory, genetic engineering, modern material science and other disciplines. Second, the development of practice constantly provides new cognitive tools and technical means to promote the continuous development of understanding. People's senses have certain limitations. The development of social practice needs to deepen understanding, force people to create increasingly complete cognitive tools, break through the limitations of human physiological organs, broaden the horizons of human knowledge, deepen the level of understanding, and thus promote the development of human knowledge. Third, the development of practice exercises and improves people's cognitive ability. The development of cognition also depends on the improvement of cognitive ability, and cognitive ability, whether observation ability or thinking ability, is improved in practice. The richer a person's practical experience, the higher his practical level and the higher his cognitive ability.
(3) Practice is the only criterion to test whether understanding is correct or not.
Whether people's understanding is correct, objective and true can only be tested by practice. Cognition is the reflection of the subject to the object, and testing whether this reflection is consistent with the object can only be a social practice connecting the subject and the object. Practice is the only criterion to test whether cognition has truth, which is an important aspect that practice plays a decisive role in cognition.
(D) Practice is the purpose and destination of cognition.
The decisive role of practice in cognition is also manifested in the fact that practice is the purpose and destination of cognition. Marx said: Philosophers only analyze the world in different ways, and the problem is to change the world. The purpose of understanding the world is to transform the world. Theoretically, if >>
Question 3: Introduce a case from a practical point of view. Practical viewpoint is the primary and basic viewpoint of Marxism and the basis of understanding Marxist philosophy.
2. Practical viewpoints mainly include:
(1) Practice determines understanding. Adhering to this point means adhering to the materialism of epistemology. Including practice is the source, purpose and motivation of cognitive development, and practice is the only criterion to test whether cognition is correct or not.
(2) Knowledge reacts on practice, and knowledge will deepen and develop with the development of practice. The understanding of things is bound to go through a process of not knowing what to know, not knowing much to knowing much; The process of perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. Adhering to this point is to adhere to the dialectics of epistemology.
(3) Practice makes people's material activities to transform the objective world have the characteristics of objective materiality, social historicity and subjective initiative.
(4) Man is the subject of practice. In the field of social history, man is the subject of social practice and the creator of history.
Question 4: A successful example of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign practice. Li Siguang's investigation of Quaternary glaciers in China
(Practice can change wrong understanding)
The distribution of glaciers is an important basis for studying geological structures. Some foreigners have visited the glaciers in China and asserted that "there are no Quaternary glaciers in China". Geologist Li Siguang put forward "Let the facts speak for themselves" and devoted great energy to the study of glaciers.
192 1 year. After he returned to China, he found the Quaternary glacial remains near Shahe County in Taihang Mountain and Kouquan in Datong Basin, Shanxi Province. Although he was denied by some foreign experts, he did not lose courage and confidence. He continued to lead students to visit Taihang Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain, Tianmu Mountain and Lushan Mountain and found many powerful evidences. 1933, Li Siguang gave a special academic lecture on Quaternary Ice Age in the Yangtze River Basin in geological society of china. After the meeting, Chinese and foreign scholars were specially invited to visit Lushan Mountain. Some foreign experts told Li Siguang privately that if these relics were found abroad, they would have been recognized as glacial relics. Since then, Li Siguang has stepped up the investigation of Quaternary glaciers, and found a large number of remains in the Yangtze River basin and Huangshan Mountain, which finally overthrew the wrong conclusions of foreigners. Its research results have played a very important role in mastering groundwater hydrology and structure and developing construction.
The second Prometheus
(Practice requires courage)
Franklin,/kloc-an outstanding American scientist and politician in the 0/8th century, was known as the "father of electricity" because of his electrical achievements such as inventing the lightning rod.
Before Franklin, people did not have a correct understanding of lightning. Inspired by an electrical experiment, Franklin came to the conclusion that lightning is a discharge phenomenon. In order to prove his idea, he is determined to shoot down the lightning in the sky. 1752 On a thunderstorm day in July, he and his son made a famous kite experiment. He tied a big silk handkerchief to a Chinese fir cross to make a kite. Kites are fixed with thin iron wires that protrude upwards by tens of centimeters. Thin iron wire is connected with thin hemp rope and used to fly kites. The lower end of the hemp rope is tied with a ribbon, and a copper key is hung on the ribbon. Kites carry lightning into the clouds, and lightning flashes on kites. A flash of lightning made Franklin feel a little numb in his hand holding the hemp rope. When he put his finger near the copper key, suddenly, an electric spark hit his hand. The "Temple of Heaven" was led down. Later, he collected "celestial electricity" with a Leiden bottle for experiments, which proved that "celestial electricity" can be conducted by metal like geoelectricity, melting metal and igniting alcohol. Since then, people have realized that the essence of lightning is the discharge phenomenon in the atmosphere.
Franklin first put forward the idea of lightning rod, and after many experiments, he made a practical lightning rod. Kant, a great German philosopher, praised him and said, "Franklin was the second Prometheus who took fire from heaven."
Classic creation
(Practice is the source of creation)
War and Peace is a famous writer Lev? Tolstoy's masterpiece. The description of the war scenes in the book is very vivid, and you will feel immersive after reading it. All this is due to Tolstoy's personal inspection.
Lev. Tolstoy wrote War and Peace. When he wrote a passage about the battle of Russian-French Borodino, he always felt very abstract and not specific. He decided to go to the battlefield himself. When he arrived in Bologno, he carefully examined all the remains of this historical battlefield, firmly remembered its terrain, and specially drew a picture, marking the horizon and Woods, indicating the names of villages and rivers, and the direction in which the sun moved in wartime. After returning home, he linked his observed impressions with the materials recorded in historical documents for analysis and research. It was not until everything was clear that he sat down at the table and wrote this passage again. This battle scene is not only vivid, but also bright and spectacular.
Coincidentally, Sima Qian, the author of the first biography of ancient China, also attached great importance to field trips. Before writing, Sima Qian traveled all over the country looking for the remains of his ancestors. He has visited Taixia site, overlooking the five lakes where Fan Li went boating, visited the story of Han Xin, visited the hometown of Liu Bang and Xiao He, and inspected the situation of water diversion and irrigation girders in Qin Jun ... He also crossed Zhuolu in the north, climbed the Great Wall, traveled to Yuanxiang in the south and reached Kongtong in the west. Zhuang You broadened his horizons, increased his knowledge and laid a solid foundation for writing historical records.
Challenge Aristotle
The truth of science comes from practice.
/kloc-In the 6th century, Aristotle, an ancient thinker and scientist, was regarded as the greatest man in history. All people take Aristotle's words as truth. Only one math teacher Galileo didn't think so ... >>
Question 5: Give an example: Practice is the source of knowledge; The role of practice in cognition.
Dialectical materialism epistemology holds that practice plays a decisive role in the relationship between practice and cognition. This decisive role is manifested in: practice is the source of cognition, the driving force of cognition development, the only criterion to test whether cognition is correct or not, and the purpose and destination of cognition.
(A) Practice is the source of knowledge
Dialectical materialism epistemology holds that human knowledge can only be produced on the basis of practice. Cognition is the reflection of the subject to the object, and the object is the object and content of cognition, and cognition cannot be formed by the object alone. The subjective ability is a necessary condition for the formation of cognition, but only the initiative of the subject will not produce cognition. Only in the practice of interaction between subject and object can knowledge be produced. Because only through practice can people's senses touch objects, so that objective things and phenomena can be reflected in people's minds; Only through practice and repeated interaction between subject and object can the essential characteristics of the object be gradually exposed and mastered by the subject. Therefore, practice is the source of knowledge. All scientific knowledge is a summary of people's practical experience and is obtained from practice. In the practice of production activities and scientific experiments, people gradually understand the phenomena, essence and laws of nature and the relationship between man and nature, thus producing natural science and production skills. In practice, people gradually understand the relationship between people, the essence of society and the law of movement, thus forming various social sciences. Philosophy is a generalization and summary of knowledge of nature and social knowledge. In the final analysis, it also comes from practice.
Dialectical materialism epistemology emphasizes that knowledge comes from practice and does not rule out the importance of learning indirect experience. In fact, for a person, it is impossible to practice everything directly because of the limited scope of practice and the infinite diversity and eternal development of the objective world. The development of human cognition has inherent continuity and inheritance, and it is not necessary for a person to practice everything. Most of a person's experience is obtained indirectly through study. But it is an indirect experience for me, and it is a direct experience for others or predecessors. Generally speaking, all knowledge comes from practice. Practice is the source of knowledge, and indirect experience is the stream of knowledge. Therefore, we should not only study and study indirect experience hard, but also actively participate in practice. arc
(B) Practice is the driving force of cognitive development
The decisive role of practice in cognition is also manifested in the fact that practice is the driving force for the development of cognition. The history of human cognition shows that human cognition develops with the development of practice. The development of modern science, the emergence of new disciplines and the increase of new knowledge are all driven by practice. Practice becomes the driving force of cognitive development. This is because: first, the development of social practice constantly puts forward new topics to be solved, which promotes the continuous development of human understanding. On the basis of summing up the new experience provided by practice, people put forward new theories and solve new problems, and knowledge will advance. In the past two or three decades, the needs of industrial agriculture and military development have produced and promoted the development of high-energy physics, cybernetics, information theory, system theory, genetic engineering, modern material science and other disciplines. Second, the development of practice constantly provides new cognitive tools and technical means to promote the continuous development of understanding. People's senses have certain limitations. The development of social practice needs to deepen understanding, force people to create increasingly complete cognitive tools, break through the limitations of human physiological organs, broaden the horizons of human knowledge, deepen the level of understanding, and thus promote the development of human knowledge. Third, the development of practice exercises and improves people's cognitive ability. The development of cognition also depends on the improvement of cognitive ability, and cognitive ability, whether observation ability or thinking ability, is improved in practice. The richer a person's practical experience, the higher his practical level and the higher his cognitive ability.
(3) Practice is the only criterion to test whether understanding is correct or not.
Whether people's understanding is correct, objective and true can only be tested by practice. Cognition is the reflection of the subject to the object, and testing whether this reflection is consistent with the object can only be a social practice connecting the subject and the object. Practice is the only criterion to test whether cognition has truth, which is an important aspect that practice plays a decisive role in cognition.
(D) Practice is the purpose and destination of cognition.
The decisive role of practice in cognition is also manifested in the fact that practice is the purpose and destination of cognition. Marx said: Philosophers only analyze the world in different ways, and the problem is to change the world. The purpose of understanding the world is to transform the world. Theoretically, if >>
Question 6: Practice is the purpose and destination of cognition. How to understand it? Can you give some examples? The teacher asked me to talk about this knowledge point. . So please. Hello, practical viewpoint is one of the basic viewpoints of Marxist philosophy, and it is also the soul of Marxist philosophy. It is its great contribution to unify cognition with practice.
Practice is the purpose and destination of cognition, and it really emphasizes that the characteristics of practice are the ultimate goal of cognition. In other words, our understanding of something (inquiry, investigation, etc. ) not to know what it is, but to know how to do it and how to use it in future practice to benefit our lives;
For example: 1 For example, many basic theoretical studies, such as literature and history, philosophy and even theoretical physics, seem to be written understandings. In fact, their purpose is to guide practice. After we have the guidance of scientific understanding, we will practice and transform the real world, so that we will not lose our way and take fewer detours. Specifically, before the construction project (practice) of large-scale water conservancy facilities, it is necessary to carry out a lot of satellite scanning and on-the-spot exploration (understanding) to understand the local basic situation and master these conditions, so as to pave the way for the final facility construction. In the construction stage of the Three Gorges Project, in order to better understand and guide the practice, more than 20 expert groups were set up, including geology and geomorphology, water storage and flood control, and resettlement.
Question 7: What should I do if I have a muscle strain? My name is Zhang Haoran. I came home the other night and was killed by a big truck. The driver threw my body into the river by the roadside and ran away. After you see this news, please send it to four forums. If you don't report it, 1 month, your mother was killed by a car and your father was terminally ill.
Question 8: Why is practice the purpose of understanding? Isn't practice determining cognition? It should be cognition that is the purpose of practice. There is a logical order problem. Let me give a very simple example to illustrate:
A heterosexual, you have to know him (her) before you can fall in love with him (her). Otherwise, it can only be sexual impulse, not love.
But even if it is sexual, we must see it first. The understanding or seeing here is the understanding in the problem, but it is actually a preliminary understanding; Practice is to understand things before dealing with them.