The first is preview. Precautions in the preview process 1 When previewing a new lesson quickly, first glance at the content to be previewed, so that you can have a general understanding of the new lesson, initially know what you can understand at a glance and what you can't understand, and then read it carefully for the second time with these questions. Look at it carefully for the second time with questions. This is the time to take notes. There are two kinds of preview notes: one is from the book and the other is from the book. Taking notes in a book means drawing circles and ticks in the blanks or related contents of the book while reading carefully; Taking notes in a notebook means reading carefully, and writing down the key points and things you don't understand in the notebook. If you want to find out the key points and doubts, how can you take notes in class? It's best to prepare a separate notebook for each course, and don't write down the notes of several courses in one notebook at the same time, which will be very confusing. Prepare two pens with different colors, highlight the key points, and distinguish different contents by color. The contents of notes generally include four contents: first, the key points, main points, difficulties and doubts spoken by the teacher; The second is the explanation, explanation, derivation and conclusion of basic theories and formulas; Third, basic viewpoints, arguments, arguments and some valuable data, facts and examples; Fourth, teachers' new views on some new problems and teachers' analytical ideas, methods and skills. There are generally three ways to record class notes: first, write down the key points spoken by the teacher in your own language; Second, some classic words, definitions, theorems, formulas, arguments, conclusions, concepts, time and place must be copied accurately. Third, questions and doubts that you don't understand should also be recorded as they are, so that you can study, think, check and ask questions after class. ② Draw a vertical line on the right side of each page of notes, leaving a blank of 1/3 or 1/4, which can be used to fill in the blanks after class or write your own experience. Most of the pages on the left are used for taking class notes. Remember as many meaningful arguments, concepts and other lecture contents as possible in the main column. The content of secondary pages generally includes the following four aspects: ⅰ. The contents and problems found in the preview that you have not mastered or forgotten, and the views or experiences generated in the preview. Two. Perceptions or experiences arising from lectures, mistakes that are easy to occur (reminding yourself), confused concepts (showing differences), and insights and experiences arising from reviewing notes. Three. Content related to notes extracted from similar books other than textbooks. Ⅳ. Supplementing the deficiencies in textbooks or teachers' lectures This chapter is divided into three parts to discuss how to improve the preview ability before class. ③ There are various ways to take notes. The common note-taking methods used by students in class are notes, outline notes and chart notes. Key notes: grasp the key points of knowledge, such as important concepts, arguments, arguments, conclusions, formulas, theorems and laws, and summarize the contents of the teacher with keywords. Outline notes: This kind of notes is based on the teacher's classroom blackboard writing. Firstly, the titles of lecture chapters are recorded, and different levels are divided by uppercase and lowercase letters according to the order of teaching content, and each level records the main points and related details. Clear organization makes people clear at a glance. Chart annotation: Use some simple figures and arrows to draw the main contents of teaching into a chart or list to illustrate. Charts are more vivid and general than simple words. (4) Keep calm when the notes are omitted. You can leave some space in your notebook, ask your classmates or teachers for help after class, and make up the missing notes as soon as possible. ⑤ Check your notes in time after class. Reading your notes from beginning to end after class can not only play a review role, but also check the omissions and mistakes in your notes, fill in the omissions, correct the typos, and write the words that are too scribbled clearly. At the same time, write your own understanding of the lecture content, your own gains and feelings in the blank space on the right side of the note in your own words. Understand the general idea of the article and identify levels and paragraphs. When you meet a well-written place or a place where you have unique opinions, you can also make symbols on the edge of the text. The teacher will pay special attention here. . The methods and procedures for sorting out the class notes are: (1) supplement. The notes taken in class are generally faster than the recording speed because they follow the teacher's lecture speed. So there will be ellipsis, jumping, ellipsis, conciseness and even symbols replacing words in the notes. On the basis of remembering, make timely repairs to make the notes "complete". (2) change. Review your notes carefully and correct inaccuracies such as typos and sentences. Among them, we should pay special attention to the revision of the contents related to answering after-class exercises and learning purposes, so as to make the notes "accurate" (3) Editing. Use a unified serial number to arrange the contents of the notes according to the outline and logic, mark the numbers, and sort out the order of sorting out the notes, so that the notes are "organized". (4) integration. Use words (preferably in red ink) or symbols, codes, etc. Classify the contents of the notes. For example, what are words, writers and works, what works (texts) are analytical, what are questions, questions and answers, and so on. Prepare to classify and abstract, and make notes "systematic". (5) give up. Omit unimportant notes to make them "concise" (6) remember. Classify and copy the sorted notes. Similar knowledge can be copied in the same book, or in the same part of a book, or by card classification. This makes it easy to review and use in the future, get it on demand, have a clear outline, be quick and easy to use, and make the notes "informative". Suggestion: 1. Invent your own symbols I can summarize some common words according to the characteristics of the topic. Then record it with simple symbols that you can understand. You can also use your own fixed words instead of idioms or fixed sentences. Note: 1: Remember the main points, framework and essence. 2. Remember the framework and essence of knowledge. Remember what is not in the book (some in the book only need to be numbered). Remember what is easy to ignore. Sometimes there are books, but they are very easy to ignore. At this time, you'd better make a mark on your notebook. Otherwise, I'm afraid I'll forget all about it after class. 5. Remember your feelings. Teachers usually talk about some ideas, principles, methods or some examples in class. When you are in class, your heart is shaking. I have a deep feeling that this time should be recorded. 6. Remember the materials that may be useful in the future. 2. Establish a set of wrong questions. What is wrong is precisely where one's knowledge and ability are weak, such as examining questions, calculating, concepts and so on. After revision, you can make up for your own knowledge defects. Common mistakes among students are: ① Confusion of concepts leads to mistakes; (2) Inadvertent calculation leads to errors; (3) Error in formal application of the formula; (4) Forgetting old knowledge leads to mistakes; ⑤ Failure to understand the meaning of the question leads to mistakes; 6. Poor thinking leads to mistakes. The following are some suggestions for studying various subjects: The key to reviewing physics, chemistry and mathematics is to use formulas and theorems flexibly to solve problems. Mainly to remember the teacher's new problem-solving ideas and supplement definitions, theorems, formulas and examples; Biology has a lot to remember. The liberal arts pay attention to memorizing the accumulated contents before, and summarize and list them effectively. Chinese requires reading more and remembering more, thinking about the answering mode; English focuses on summarizing fixed sentence patterns and phrases to exercise the sense of language (keywords and sentence patterns in English and Chinese classes can be recorded directly on the edge of the page so as to be easy to find when reviewing); There is a lot to summarize in political history, and it is better to recite more lists, with the focus on the teacher's comprehensive exposition of the problem. Mathematics: The most important thing is the foundation. Chinglish: multiplication, memory and understanding. Physics: It is very important to build a physical model in the brain (such as how an object moves, how many times it accelerates or decelerates from the beginning to the end, whether it is flat throwing or circular motion), and it is also very important to connect with real life (it is most widely used in force analysis, usually assuming what will happen if there is no force, and what will happen if there is that force). Chemistry: This is the most fragmentary thing, and there are many things to remember. Read more pictures in the textbook, associate each picture appropriately, and connect it with the big essence and structure of matter. Biology: It is very important to master the basic knowledge of mathematics (algebra, geometry, trigonometry, etc.). ), physics, chemistry and other courses. Although different, the review methods are similar. To sum up, there are three aspects: (1) mastering basic knowledge (2) mastering basic problem-solving methods (3) mastering the relationship between disciplines. When reviewing, list these links one by one in the review notes, which will be more convenient for future reference. 1. The steps of reviewing after class can be divided into four steps: trying to remember, studying textbooks, sorting out notes and reading reference books. Study the textbook: After trying to remember, you should study the textbook sentence by sentence from beginning to end. You don't have to spend a lot of time on what you already understand and remember, but you should spend time on what you can't remember clearly or remember vaguely when you recall. ★ When delving into the textbook, you can sketch out the important parts, new concepts and easily overlooked parts in the book with colored pens. In the margin around the book, you can write down some short experiences of yourself or language that highly summarizes the content of the text, which is beneficial to memory, because you can write down some suggestive words and phrases, so that you can quickly get inspiration from these notes and recall the key contents of the book when you look up. Sorting out notes: when sorting out notes, first make up the notes that you didn't write down in class and correct the parts that you can't remember correctly. Reading reference books: under the teacher's introduction, you can choose one main reference book for each course, and others can be used as general reference books. Secondly, read the textbooks first, and then read the reference books after you have a basic understanding of knowledge. Third, read reference books around the central issue. What the teacher taught that day, or the problems he found, can refer to the main contents of the reference book. First look at the relevant parts of the main reference books. As for the corresponding parts of other reference books, it is similar. So in comparison, it is also very fast and won't take up much time. Finally, take notes and extract the wonderful parts and wonderful topics from the reference books into the corresponding parts of the notebook. 2. Review the review form in time. First, review a certain knowledge in time between classes. Second, spend two to three minutes after class to review the teaching content in class in time. Third, before you do your homework, spend some time reviewing and reviewing what you learned that day. This kind of retrospective review, generally as long as you reread the textbooks you learned that day, flip through your study notes, and do some preliminary memories and thoughts. Fourth, after learning a unit or a chapter, take the time to review what you have learned completely. In addition to the necessary memory, reading and understanding, this review should also focus on sorting out the contents of a unit or a chapter, grasp the key points, difficulties and central links in the textbook, and sort out the study notes. One student has a habit of reviewing what the teacher said in time between classes. At the end of each class, I always close my eyes for a minute or two and spend nearly half an hour meditating before going home to do my homework every day. It is necessary to spend more time reviewing what you have learned in a week on weekends-the learning content of a unit or a chapter. In this way, for him, the content of each new study often needs to be reviewed three or four times in time and effectively, so that his mastery of new knowledge is very solid. Every exam or exam, he takes his time and doesn't have to drive the "overnight train", but his grades are always far ahead. Note: ★ Cross-disciplinary review adopts the so-called "tough battle" with single subject concentration, which is simple in content and easy to cause brain fatigue and memory decline. Therefore, during the review period, it is necessary to carry out cross-disciplinary and different content learning, so as to achieve relaxation and multidisciplinary development. ★ The combination of reading and memory, and the method of trying to recall when reviewing, can effectively improve the memory efficiency. Before reviewing, you might as well close the book, recall what you have remembered and forgotten, or test yourself on the topic of your debut first, and then turn over the book to see if you have mastered it. In the process of reviewing, you should read and remember. In this way, review time can be saved. ★ Ask questions and test yourself. Some students remember the content clearly, but they can't answer the questions, or they are arrogant, or they suddenly realize after others tell the answer: "Oh, I see, I know." If you always pay attention to setting your own questions from different angles and answer them yourself, the effect will be better.

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