The culture of ancient Egypt is at the forefront of the world. Hieroglyphs have existed for more than 3000 years BC. They represent certain things or concepts and certain syllables. It is the basis for the development of Phoenician letters, Greek letters, Latin letters, Indian letters, Arabic letters and letters in western countries today. The Egyptians have rich astronomical knowledge and formulated the earliest solar calendar in the world, with a year of 12 months and 365 days. Decimal calculation method has been applied in mathematics for a long time, which can work out four application problems and solve an unknown equation. The calculated pi is accurate to 3. 16, which has made outstanding achievements in geometry, and can calculate the areas of rectangle, triangle, trapezoid and circle. In terms of architecture, in addition to the pyramids, there is also the Temple of Amon near Thebes, and there are still relics.
Cuneiform characters created by Sumerians in ancient two river basins are the common characters of ancient people in West Asia. They divide a year into twelve months according to the law of the moon's profit and loss, with 354 days in the whole year, and the difference of eleven days is made up by leap months. The seven-day week system, which is popular all over the world now, was created by people in the ancient two river basins. They have also made many achievements in mathematics. They can find the square root and cube root and solve the equations of three unknowns. The calculated pi is 3. They use decimal and hexadecimal methods to calculate time, such as hexadecimal method, and the circumference is divided into 360 degrees, which has been used all over the world today. Ancient Indians divided a year into twelve months, thirty days a month and a leap month every five years. They know that the earth is round and rotates around its own axis.
The ancient Indians used the decimal method. They invented the common counting method now, and created ten digital symbols including "zero" to make the decimal method complete. These figures were later spread to Europe by Arabs and called Arabic numerals. He has made great achievements in medicine, using herbs and various minerals to treat diseases, and can do complicated operations such as ophthalmology. In the struggle against the idealistic philosophy of Brahmanism and Buddhism, the philosophical method produced a simple materialistic philosophy.
In ancient China, it was said that the Xia Dynasty had a calendar. Our ancestors left behind the earliest solar and lunar eclipses in the world and records about Halley's Comet. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is a very mature writing. Gunpowder and compass were used long ago. There are world-famous The Book of Songs in literature, Tao Te Ching in philosophy, The Art of War written by thinkers and educators Confucius and Sun Wu, and world-famous ancient art works. From the cultural achievements of the four ancient civilizations in the world, we can see that slave society is the first civilized society in human history, which is more progressive than primitive society.