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What is the vertical form of addition and subtraction?
The answer is as follows:

Extended data:

In order to simplify the calculation, a vertical calculation is listed. In addition calculation, the same numbers are aligned. If the sum exceeds 10, it will move forward to 1. When subtracting, the same numbers are aligned. If it is not enough, borrow 1 from the last digit as 10.

The product of several numbers is divided by a number, so that any factor in the product can be divided by this number and then multiplied by other factors. For example: 8×72×4÷9 = 72÷9×8×4 = 256.