Pyramid of khufu was built during the reign of Khufu, the second Pharaoh of the fourth Egyptian dynasty (about 2670 BC), and is considered as a mausoleum built by Khufu for himself. In ancient Egypt, every Pharaoh began to build a mausoleum for himself from the day he ascended the throne, in order to turn it over to the gods after death. The four slopes of the Great Pyramid of Khufu face east, south, west and north, and the error is less than 3 points. The original length of the bottom was 230 meters, but now it is shortened to 227 meters due to the limestone falling off the outer layer of the pyramid, and the inclination angle is 5 1.52 minutes. The tower height used to be 146.59 meters, but now it is 136.5 meters, which is equivalent to a 40-story skyscraper. The bottom of the tower is square, covering an area of 52,900 square meters.
The tower of pyramid of khufu is composed of 2.3 million huge stones of different sizes, with the weight of each stone ranging from 1.5 tons to 1.60 tons. The joints between the stones are tight and there is no adhesive. If these stones are cut into small pieces with an average of one cubic foot and arranged in a row, their length is equivalent to two-thirds of the circumference of the earth. Pyramid of khufu is a huge project with fine structure. Its construction involves surveying, astronomy, mechanics, physics and mathematics. It is called the greatest stone building in human history, and there are still many unsolved mysteries.
(2) The largest auditorium-style building in the world-the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
The Great Hall of the People has created a miracle in the history of architecture. At the end of June, ground was broken on 1958 and completed on 1959 in August. It took only one year from design to completion.
The plane of the whole building is mountain-shaped, and the front wall is arched. The building area is1718000m2. In the middle is the famous Great Hall of Ten Thousand People. The venue is fan-shaped, with three floors in total, which can accommodate large-scale meetings of 10000 people. There are 500 light holes arranged vertically and horizontally on the dome-shaped ceiling, with a huge red five-pointed star at the top, surrounded by sunflower rings and three layers of wavy light grooves. There is a 7000-square-meter banquet hall in the north, which can accommodate banquets and banquets for 5000 people. To the south is the office building of the National People's Congress, including conference halls with local characteristics named after China's provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and special administrative regions.
The largest single project in the world-Three Gorges Water Control Project
The Three Gorges Project, including non-overflow dams on both banks, is 2,335 meters long. The discharge dam section is 483 meters, the hydropower station unit is 700,000 kilowatts ×26 units, and the double-line 5-level lock+ship lift. Upon completion, the surface area of the Three Gorges Reservoir will be equivalent to the total land area of Singapore, and it is estimated that the whole project will cost 24.5 billion US dollars.
The world's largest administrative building-Pentagon, USA
The Pentagon is located in Arlington on the Potomac River near Washington, USA. It is the seat of the US Department of Defense. Seen from the air, this building is a regular Pentagon, hence the name "Pentagon". Covering an area of 2.359 million square meters, the building is 22 meters high and has five floors, with a total construction area of 608,000 square meters and a usable area of about 344,000 square meters. At that time, the cost was $87 million. It was completed in April 1943 and opened in May of the same year, with a capacity of 23,000 people. There are large parking lots on the north and south sides of the building, which can simultaneously park 65,438+00,000 cars.
(3) Swedish Ice Hotel, the largest ice building in the world.
The Ice and Snow Hotel in Harvi, Yukas, Sweden is the largest ice and snow building in the world, with a total indoor area of 5,000 square meters and can receive 150 guests every night. In the past five years, the 65438+ February Hotel has been renovated once a year, and its area has increased year by year. At present, this hotel has an ice sculpture, a cinema, a sauna and an ice bar, as well as a unique ice prayer room in the world.
The largest ancient architectural complex in the world-the Forbidden City in Beijing
The Forbidden City in Beijing, China (also known as the Forbidden City), located in the center of Beijing, was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, where 24 emperors successively ascended the throne. Founded in 1406, it has been nearly 600 years. The Forbidden City is the largest and most well-preserved ancient wooden structure complex in the world, covering an area of 720,000 square meters and a construction area of about 6,543,800+0.5 million square meters. It has more than 9,000 halls, among which the Hall of Supreme Harmony (also known as the Hall of Golden Throwing) is the place where the emperor holds ceremonies such as enthronement, birthday celebration and expedition. The yellow tile red walls, golden jubilant, white jade carved columns and palace pavilions in the Forbidden City are the essence of ancient architecture in China. There are about 6,543,800 pieces of precious cultural relics and artworks in the palace. It is listed in the World Heritage List.
(4) The longest man-made building in the world-the Great Wall in Wan Li, China.
The majestic Great Wall of Wan Li spans the mountains in northern China, with a total length of more than 6,700 kilometers. It was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It is a rare ancient military defense project in the history of human architecture. It is famous for its long history, huge project and magnificent spirit. It has been listed in the World Heritage List by UNESCO and is known as the eighth wonder in the world.
The largest apartment building in the world-Barbican residential area
The largest residential apartment complex is Barbican residential complex in London, England, which was designed by architects Chamberlain, Powell and Bond in 1959. Total floor space 16 hectare, 20 apartments14 sets, parking lot for 17 10 cars.
Milan Cathedral "Beru Knowles"
Milan Cathedral in Italy is the largest church in medieval Europe, which can accommodate 40,000 people for religious activities. Built in 1386, it was not built until 1485.
The church is made entirely of white marble. The hall is 59 meters wide and 130 meters long, and the highest vault in the middle is 45 meters. The modeling features of the church are pointed arches, pilasters, flower windows and 135 spires, which pierce the sky like dense Tallinn, and each spire has a statue of God. There are more than 2000 statues outside the church, which is very strange. If there are more than 6,000 statues in it, it is the Gothic church with the largest number of statues in the world. This church has a steeple with a height of107m, which was created by Italian architect Bolu Knowles based on15th century. There is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary at the top of the tower, which is dazzling and magical in the sun.
The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is located in the center of Charles de Gaulle Square (also known as Star Square) in the center of Paris. It was ordered by Napoleon in February 1806 to commemorate his crushing defeat of the Austrian-Russian Coalition forces in the Battle of Ostritz. It is the largest of more than 0/00 Triomphe in Europe/KLOC.
The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is about 50 meters high, 45 meters wide and 22 meters thick. There are doors on all sides, and the width of the middle arch is14.6m. There are many exquisite carvings on the door. The inner wall is engraved with the names of hundreds of generals who followed Napoleon's expeditions to the east and the west, and hundreds of victory reliefs that publicized Napoleon's brilliant exploits. Huge statues are carved on the outer wall, with the French war history from 1792 to 18 15 as the background. All the statues have their own characteristics, which form an organic whole with the flower relief on the lintel, just like a beautiful and moving work of art, among which the most striking one is the "1792 voluntary expedition" carved on the stone pillar on the right (facing the pastoral street), which is the relief of the famous "La Marseillaise" and an immortal artistic masterpiece occupying an important position in the world art history.
1920, 165438+ 10, a tomb of the unknown soldier was built under the Arc de Triomphe. The tomb is flat and contains an unknown soldier who died in the First World War. He represented 654.38+500,000 French soldiers who died in the Great War.
There is an elevator in the Arc de Triomphe, which can go directly to the 50-meter-high arch. People can also climb stairs along the 273-step spiral stone ladder. You can see a small history museum after going up. There are many pictures and historical documents about the history of the Arc de Triomphe, as well as pictures about the life story of Napoleon, a great French historical man, and the names of 558 generals who fought alongside Napoleon. In addition, there are two movie screening rooms with English and French explanations, which specially show some information films reflecting the historical changes of Paris. At the top of the museum is a platform from which visitors can overlook Paris, Notre Dame de Paris, the Luxor obelisk in Place de la Concorde, the magnificent Eiffel Tower and the Sacred Heart Church. Overlooking twelve radial boulevards extending in all directions from the circular street under the Arc de Triomphe. These avenues are like the brilliant light from the stars, so the Arc de Triomphe is also called the "Star Gate". Among these twelve avenues, the most famous are Champs Elysé es, Grand Avenue, Alme Avenue and Fuxi Avenue.
Now, every holiday, a French flag with a length of 10 meter will be hung at the top of the arch, flying over the tomb of the unknown soldier. On major festivals, a soldier dressed in Napoleon's uniform and armed with a kitchen knife stood guard in front of the statue of La Marseillaise. On July 14 every year, when France celebrates its National Day, the French President passes through the Arc de Triomphe. Every president will come here on the last day of leaving office and present a bunch of flowers to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The most peculiar thing about the Arc de Triomphe is said to be that every evening on the anniversary of Napoleon's death, looking west from the Champs Elysé es, a touch of sunset happens to be reflected on the arch of the Arc de Triomphe.
The Eiffel Tower is the symbol of the French capital, like a steel giant standing high on the banks of the Seine River in the center of Paris. It was built to commemorate the French 1789 international exposition that caused a sensation in the world during the bourgeois revolution, and was named after its designer and famous architectural engineer gustave eiffel. This tower is 320 meters high and weighs 9000 tons. Paper-cutting, Chinese knots, cheongsam, fans, Beijing opera, martial arts and acrobatics: 17000 years ago, animal murals in Lascaux, France.
Longest painting: It took Michelangelo four and a half years to finish this painting on the ceiling of Romasis Pavilion. The area of this painting is over 900 square meters.
The most expensive painting: Picasso's famous oil painting "The Boy with a Pipe" was auctioned at Sotheby's in new york, USA, and finally sold for a record $654.38+004 billion (including the extra expenses of bidders), becoming the "most expensive painting" in the world.
The largest painting: Elvis Presley's painting by American students in April, 1995, with an area of 7127.8m2..
The smallest painting: After years of artistic exploration and experiments, the painter Lv Dong has successfully created a subminiature oil painting. His 100-odd miniature oil paintings, with their unique aesthetic concepts and skillful skills, show the primitive living conditions of the mountain people in the western mountainous areas of China from many angles and sides. These exquisite art treasures have great artistic value and humanistic and historical value! Kiev, the capital, is a famous tourist attraction. The city is located in the north-central Ukraine and has a continental climate. Summer is mild and winter is cold. The urban area covers an area of 790 square kilometers and is divided into 12 administrative districts. 1996 has 2.6 million people. Most of Kiev lies on the right bank of the Dnieper River. There are more than 50 parks in the city, and the green area accounts for more than 60% of the total urban area. It is known as the "Garden City". Kiev has a long history and cultural relics abound. The most famous tourist attractions are: Kiev Cave Monastery, Sophia Cathedral, Andre Cathedral, Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Statue of the Giant of the Motherland, Mariinsky Palace, etc. Kiev is the cradle of Ukrainian culture. As early as the 3rd century, Kiev was famous in Europe for its numerous churches, exquisite handicrafts and unique folk literature. The artistic level of folk choirs, symphonies, dance troupes and circuses in Kiev is world-class. Kiev people have a high level of cultural accomplishment and artistic appreciation. They are not only happy to watch operas and concerts on holidays and weekends, but also spontaneously organize various amateur art groups, some of which have high artistic attainments. Numerous clubs and cultural palaces provide excellent places for people's amateur cultural life and promote the development of amateur cultural undertakings. Kiev attaches great importance to the protection of museum treasures and historical buildings. In addition to tourists, the museum also conducts a lot of scientific research and cultural education; There are more than 20 national museums in Kiev, especially 1 1 century Sophia Cathedral. The church has been a national protection museum since 1934. Main collections13-17th century icon paintings and18-early 20th century paintings and statues. In addition, there are many historical celebrities in Kiev, such as Shevchenko's former residence and memorial hall.