First, cultivate students' interest in practicing oral arithmetic.
Interest in learning is one of the most active psychological components in learning motivation, and it is the internal motivation to promote students to study hard. When students are interested in oral arithmetic practice, they will be very happy, will take the initiative to learn, and will not feel that oral arithmetic practice is a burden. Interested exercises can make students concentrate and think positively, so as to quickly master the rules and methods of oral calculation and improve their oral calculation ability.
In order to cultivate students' interest in oral arithmetic, teachers should first help students understand the important significance of oral arithmetic in mathematics learning and real life. In mathematics learning, oral calculation is not only the basis of written calculation, but also plays an extremely important role in various mathematical calculations such as simple calculation, rapid calculation, estimation and abacus calculation. In real life, whether it is shopping, or the time arrangement of life activities, the size measurement of various items and so on. , is inseparable from the mouth. Therefore, teachers can illustrate this truth through various interesting examples, so as to make students interested in oral arithmetic practice.
The forms of oral arithmetic exercises should be diversified, so as not to make students feel bored. For example, listening, watching, verbal arithmetic, card, verbal arithmetic games and so on can be done. In particular, the use of competition methods can often stimulate students' interest. For example, the speed and accuracy of organizing the first competition for students, the flexibility and rationality of the calculation method of the first competition. The form of competition can also be competition, individual competition, team competition, relay competition and so on. If teachers can flexibly use the above methods according to the teaching requirements and the actual situation of students, and carry out oral arithmetic training vividly, then students' interest and ability in oral arithmetic will be improved rapidly.
Second, the combination of cultivating speech ability and strengthening intellectual training.
The development of students' language ability and intelligence complement each other. Correct, fast and reasonable oral calculation is not only the result but also the condition of intellectual development. Therefore, in teaching, the cultivation of speech ability should be combined with strengthening intellectual training.
1, cultivate the ability to observe digital characteristics. A keen observation of numerical characteristics is the premise of mathematical decomposition and grouping of oral calculation, thus simplifying the operation. Such as176+119+124+18 1, if we can observe the problems of 76 and 24, 81and/kloc-0. If we can grasp the characteristic that 1000 can be decomposed into the product of 8 and 125, and notice that 80 is exactly 10 times of 8, then the problem will not be difficult to solve. The difference of students' oral calculation speed depends largely on their ability to observe mathematical characteristics. Therefore, it is very important to set up exercises in oral arithmetic teaching to cultivate students' ability to observe digital characteristics.
2. Train students to constantly change the formula skills. In order to improve the speed and accuracy of oral calculation, it is necessary to constantly deform the layout, so as to simplify the complex and turn the difficult into the easy. For example, if students master the identity skills and change 44.8 to 1 1.2×4, the original formula can be changed to: 1 1.2×(4×0.25), so just pay attention to 4× 0.25 = 65438. Therefore, in oral arithmetic training, we should pay attention to making students be good at using five arithmetic rules, making use of the operational characteristics of 0 and 1 (such as zero multiplied by any number, any number multiplied by 1 equals itself), and decomposing and combining numbers, so as to effectively improve students' skills of constantly deforming formulas.
3. Improve the instantaneous memory ability. From the examples mentioned above, it is not difficult to see that there are often some intermediate links in the process of oral calculation, which can only be memorized and cannot be recorded on paper like written calculation. Therefore, instantaneous memory plays an important role in ensuring the smooth progress of oral calculation. In order to improve students' instantaneous memory ability, teachers can purposefully design some special training. For example, the multi-digit addition operation of 5423+3277 depends on which digits will be carried, stored in memory for a short time, and then the result is calculated from high to low.
4. Cultivate the ability of digital reasoning. Paying attention to cultivating students' numerical reasoning ability is one of the effective ways to develop students' oral arithmetic ability. For example, when students master the typical formulas such as 25×4= 100, 125×8= 1000, teachers can guide students to deduce 25× 12 = 300 from 25×4= 100. 12.5× 8 =1000, 0. 125×8= 1 .. This can not only effectively promote the development of oral arithmetic ability, but also cultivate students' logical reasoning ability.
5. Put the development of creative thinking in the first place in oral arithmetic training. Creative thinking refers to a kind of thinking activity that people produce new thinking results in the process of creation. For students, although they may find something they are already familiar with, for themselves, it is the discovery and invention of new things. In the teaching of oral calculation, teachers should guide students to use the learned rules and rules flexibly, break through the shackles of customary calculation methods, transform known conditions, seek new calculation methods, and put the cultivation of students' creative thinking ability in the first place in oral calculation teaching. For example: 0.25×98+0.5, some students changed the original formula to 0.25×98+0.25×2 because of the inverse application of multiplication and division, and got the result. This can be seen as an example of creative thinking.
Third, cultivate good thinking quality.
To continuously improve students' oral expression ability, they must have good thinking quality. Therefore, in oral arithmetic training, teachers must consciously cultivate students' good qualities such as carefulness, patience, calmness and decisiveness. If you encounter complex oral calculation problems, you should carefully examine them and pay attention to whether you can use the algorithm to transform the original conditions, make them simple and simplify the complexity. If you encounter oral arithmetic problems with more numbers, you should think patiently and step by step to get the correct results. If you need to complete a large number of oral calculation problems quickly in a short time, you should be good at highly concentrating, nervous, calm and unhurried. If you encounter relatively simple oral calculation. These good thinking qualities not only play an important role in improving the ability of oral calculation, but also have special significance for the formation of other skills.
Generally speaking, oral expression ability needs to be improved through long-term training. Oral practice can be arranged at the beginning or end of each class, or in the middle of a class, but the time should not be too long. Starting oral arithmetic practice in a class can effectively review old knowledge and prepare for explaining new lessons. Doing oral arithmetic exercises in class or after class can promote the change of students' attention and eliminate the tension and fatigue formed by students in classroom activities.
In short, if teachers can focus on stimulating interest, developing intelligence and cultivating thinking quality, scientifically formulate training plans, reasonably design oral arithmetic exercises and conduct oral arithmetic training regularly, then students' oral arithmetic ability will certainly be improved.