In this case, we should stand at the height of the times, guide social members to change the traditional educational concept and gradually establish the concept of lifelong learning, which is the ideological basis for promoting the formation of a learning society. Specifically, we should expand initial education and stage education into continuing education and lifelong education, and expand school education into social education and community education; From emphasizing formal education and academic education to paying equal attention to formal education and informal education, and paying equal attention to academic education and vocational qualification certificate education; Expand and promote lifelong education to lifelong learning, and complete a fundamental change in the relationship between individuals and themselves: that is, turn the object of education into the subject of self-education, and the educated must become the person who educates themselves; Lifelong education and lifelong learning are not only a basic right that people should enjoy, but also obligations and responsibilities that people must bear to society and themselves. Education and learning are not only the needs of society, occupation, life and the realization of life value, but also an indispensable part of life and the value of human life. From academic society to learning society.
It is very important to cultivate people's ability to survive and develop. In June, 2002, Council of Europe published the Report on Quality Indicators of Lifelong Learning in Europe. In order to meet the challenges of the contemporary information society, it summarizes the basic or key abilities that contemporary people need:
The basic ability or key ability that contemporary people need.
(1) Arithmetic and literacy;
(2) Basic abilities in mathematics, science and technology;
(3) foreign languages;
(4) the application ability of information and computer technology;
(5) the ability to learn how to learn;
(6) social skills;
(7) Entrepreneurship;
(8) Popular culture.
The report "Education-the Wealth Contained in it" submitted by the Education Committee of the International 2 1 Century to UNESCO further stated concisely that lifelong education must be based on four pillars: learning to recognize, learning to do things, learning to live together and learning to survive. These four pillars can also be regarded as four qualities or abilities of a person. Among them, the ability to learn to learn is a core ability. Learn to learn to survive, start a business, create, develop, adapt and keep up with the times.
Institutional innovation is the key
If the change of ideas is the forerunner, then the reform and innovation of the system is the key, and the system construction is more fundamental, long-term and stable than various specific educational reforms. Only by doing a good job in the innovation and construction of the system can we implement the results of the change of ideas and promote the sustainable development of education through the innovation and implementation of the system. Learning society is a brand-new social form in the future, and lifelong education system is the structural feature and basic system of learning society. The guiding ideology of establishing a lifelong education system should adhere to the educational strategic policy of facing modernization, the world and the future, focus on people's all-round development and lifelong development, and establish a highly open, convenient and dynamic system.
The basic points of the lifelong education system are
-Pay attention to the modern national education system.
The modern national education system is an open education system with teenagers and adults as the main targets, educational modernization as the main connotation, institutionalization, structure and organization as the main features, and formal education, academic education and education in educational institutions as the main bodies. Lifelong education system is an education system that faces all members of society, runs through life, extends to all fields of society, covers formal education, informal education and lifelong learning, is based on learning organization network, takes informal education as the main body, integrates all kinds of social resources and facilities, pays more attention to the close integration of education, training, learning and social economy, politics, culture and life, and is committed to lifelong development and provides perfect services for the people. Obviously, the extension of lifelong education system is wider than that of modern national education system, but the connotation and emphasis of education are different. Two points need to be pointed out here: First, the lifelong education system does not exclude or deny the modern national education system. On the contrary, the modern national education system is still the main part of the lifelong education system. "Learn to survive" brilliantly points out: "Schools, that is, institutions that aim to educate the younger generation in an orderly way, are and will continue to be decisive factors in cultivating people who contribute to social development and play an active role in life, and are also decisive factors in cultivating people to be properly prepared for work." "If we abandon the school and don't regard it as the main part of education (even if it is not the only part), it means that we have not let thousands of people receive an education that will enable them to master knowledge systematically. Although human culture is not limited to knowledge, knowledge is still an organic and indispensable part of culture today. " Second, from the perspective and height of lifelong education, we should equate school education with the whole education, regard school education as the only education, divide people's life into two parts: the first half is used for education, and the second half is used for work. The stale ideas and opinions that one school education can help people's life, as well as the practices and attitudes that despise or even despise informal education, should be clearly criticized and resolutely abandoned.
-linking the education sector and the labour sector.
School education should be open to society and community in an orderly manner, and a system of mutual communication and resource sharing among school education, family education, social education and organizational education should be established; Young people and adults should have many practical opportunities to combine education with labor; Establish a regression education system to support young people and even adults to leave their jobs and re-enter the education circle; Establish a paid vacation system for education, and clearly stipulate that employers have the obligation to let employees participate in certain full-time study, non-full-time study, or engage in technological innovation or even scientific research.
-Integrating formal and informal education into a coherent education system.
Between formal education and informal education, we should eliminate all artificial and outdated obstacles, establish "zero obstacles" communication as far as possible, establish the certification system of learning achievements obtained in informal education institutions or even informal education occasions, and establish the system of communication or exchange with formal education.
-An open and interactive system must be established in the education system.
It is also necessary to establish an open and interactive system within the formal education system. "A comprehensive open education system will help learners move vertically and horizontally in this system and expand the range of choices they may get." To do this, students should have many opportunities to transfer from one type of education to another. They can easily enter different stages and leave at different points. After compulsory education, everyone can choose to continue studying or engage in practical work, and students may not be able to receive higher education after completing traditional formal education; This system should be flexible, and students can choose their own learning form, learning content, learning media, learning place and learning time.
-Based on various learning organizations.
From the perspective of system theory, it will be found that building a lifelong education system and forming a learning society is a grand social system project, which is composed of different levels and types of elements or links. Learning society-learning city-learning community-learning organization-learning family are different levels of elements; If we subdivide learning organizations, we can also include learning institutions, learning enterprises, learning schools and so on. At present, it is important to create a learning city, and in the future, we should create a learning countryside according to conditions. These are different types of elements. Let's call this organization a community learning organization network here. Because of the internal essential relationship between these vertical and horizontal elements, * * * together constitutes the social system engineering of learning society. Theoretically, this is a series of concepts derived from the learning society, which has become the main support of the lifelong education system. From a practical point of view, it is also a set of target systems or target clusters for building a learning society, which constitutes a vertically and horizontally integrated structural chain of this grand social system project.
It should be pointed out that we regard learning organization as the basis of lifelong education system, which is not only the change of specific content, but also the change of thinking mode. In the past, we (especially educators) often emphasized that adult education is the frontier and main practice field of lifelong education, right? There is nothing wrong, but a shortcoming that cannot be ignored is that our thinking level still stays on some specific local problems. After the publication of "The Fifth Discipline" by management master Peter Senge, the most profound revelation is that we must learn to think systematically. His "learning organization" gives us a brand-new perspective. When considering the construction of lifelong education system, based on learning organization network, we can not only distinguish lifelong education system from modern national education system in an important aspect, but also integrate various informal education and informal education to form an organizational system (system). This is not to deny or exclude adult education, which is still the proper meaning of this subject, but we have reached a new height and can think and grasp the problem systematically as a whole.
Learning society is also a process of gradual improvement.
Learning society is not only a social form and relative level of future social development, but also a process of continuous creation and gradual improvement. It is an important measure to establish all kinds of learning organizations continuously and solidly to build a learning society.
The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China listed building a learning society as an important goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. From the overall height of socialist modernization, we should seriously study theories, study problems in depth, sort out our work ideas and do a good job in a down-to-earth manner. According to the previous analysis, we should take the creation of various learning organizations (networks) as the breakthrough point and breakthrough point for building a learning society. All the creation work is done well, which is to lay the foundation, bridge and open the way for the formation of a learning society. In this work, the Party committee and the government are the leading institutions to create learning cities and various learning organizations, and each department is the management institution in charge of a certain creation function. Among them, the education department is the comprehensive centralized department for all kinds of education, and grass-roots political organizations, autonomous organizations and units are the main bodies to organize and implement the creation work. Under the leadership of the Party Committee and government, all parties concerned should coordinate and communicate, make unified arrangements, implement the division of labor, and work hard to achieve the goal of creating various learning organizations.
To do a good job in creating a learning organization, we must first seriously study theory and conduct theoretical research. In view of the fact that the concept of learning organization mostly comes from the theoretical research results of some experts and scholars in developed countries or the summary of practical experience of some enterprises, we should seriously study, understand and digest these theories, master their spiritual essence, and creatively apply and practice them in combination with the concrete reality of China. On this basis, a learning organization theory with China characteristics and in line with the reality of China is established. People are delighted to find that in some pilot practices, theoretical workers are combined with practical workers, topic (theory) research is combined with pilot practice, theoretical discussion is combined with experience exchange, and theory is used to guide practice and construct theory in practice. In terms of work steps, the implementation of overall planning, overall coordination, different situations, classified guidance, pilot first, gradual promotion, and pragmatic.
At work, there is an urgent problem to be solved, that is, mastering the standards of learning organizations and implementing tests. We can also learn from some foreign advanced experiences, such as the Report on Quality Indicators of Lifelong Learning published by the European Commission in June 2002. Considering the complexity of lifelong learning, members of the working group of this report and representatives from 35 European countries, OECD and UNESCO have held regular meetings since the beginning of 20001,and found out the most representative and appropriate quality index of lifelong learning in 15, covering four fields. Ways and participation; Lifelong learning resources; Strategies and systems. The "Five Elements of Creating a Learning Organization" written by Michael J. Marquette in the United States gives the "Evaluation Form of Learning Organization", which is divided into five major items: learning motivation, organizational change, empowerment and responsibility, knowledge management and technology application, with a maximum score of 200 points. The higher the score, the more obvious the characteristics of the organization as a learning organization. Some parts of China have made a preliminary study on the standards and evaluation index system of learning organizations, but the understanding is not consistent, and it is inevitable that the standards and specific indicators will be grasped differently, or rough, or even important indicators will be missing. The author suggests that provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions should adopt unified leadership, centralized division of labor, investigation and study, and comprehensive promotion. In particular, experts from all relevant parties can be organized to formulate an evaluation index system, unify basic standards, and advocate the creation of characteristics. As for the standards and evaluation of learning cities, they should be managed and monitored at a higher level.