China.com.cn time of China Net: June 8, 2009.
Reading habits should be developed by reading books that interest you, not by profound knowledge books. When you have this habit, no matter how difficult the book is, you will find it interesting to read.
He is the curator of Guanfu Museum in Beijing, and his unique insights in CCTV's Lecture Room deeply touched many audiences. He is a book lover. He talks so much about reading that he can't put it down in the toilet, so that he forgets where he is-it's Ma Weidou. A few days ago, Ma Weidou walked into the experimental middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University and gave the students a keynote speech on "Small cultural relics and big culture". He used cultural relics as a bridge to talk about culture and reading with teachers and students.
Why do some people say that naughty and stubborn children are "you are not a fuel-efficient lamp"? The short word 10 says, "There is such bright light at the foot of my bed. Is there frost already?" ? What are the things and scenes that obviously do not conform to the historical truth in the film and television dramas with the theme of the Three Kingdoms? Ma Weidou told middle school students that the answers to these questions are in China cultural classics. When he vividly explained China culture, he pointed out that reading should start with interest and should become a lifelong habit. During the speech, Ma Weidou and Yuan Aijun, the headmaster of experimental middle school, also accepted an interview with reporters, talking about collection and appreciation, reading and life, the introduction and ways of China culture, and how China culture can enter the middle school classroom easily and interestingly.
Adolescence is a golden age for a person to study. Reading habits should be cultivated by interest, and reading should be miscellaneous.
Anyone who has heard Ma Weidou's speech will have questions: How does Ma Weidou know everything? In Ma Weidou's speech, we can easily get the answer to this question. The answer to this question also points to teenagers, that is, cherish time, read more books and read good books.
As soon as Ma Weidou entered the experimental middle school, he was deeply moved. He told the children that middle school students are energetic and have amazing memories, so they should seize the time to study. The effect of reading depends largely on memory. If your memory is not good, you can't remember what you have read, which is a great pity. Ma Weidou said to the middle school students at the scene in a warning tone: "Most of the things I can talk about in Kan Kan now were remembered when I was your age. Later, I also read a lot of books, but most of them were forgotten, or it was very easy to forget. " Ma Weidou humorously told an anecdote about his reading as a teenager. When he was fourteen or fifteen, he lived in the northeast countryside. At that time, he had formed the habit of reading. Although the conditions are hard, as long as he has books to read, no matter how hard life is for him. He loves reading and doesn't even miss the time to go to the toilet. Every time he goes to the toilet, he takes a book with him and often squats. Hearing this, the students all smiled kindly. Behind that smile, they are full of sincere admiration for this learned man who regards books as his life.
A student at the scene asked him inexplicably: "What book makes you so obsessed?" Ma Weidou smiled happily. He said that this question is actually what he wants to communicate with middle school students, that is, reading habits. Whether a person can go deep into the world of books, read the books he really wants to read and cultivate the pleasure of reading is very important, and the cultivation of pleasure is not unrelated to our reading habits. It can be said that reading is the most important habit we should develop in our life. Ma Weidou believes that reading habits should be cultivated by reading books that interest you, not by profound knowledge books. When you have this habit, no matter how difficult the book is, you will find it interesting to read. We may get satisfaction and enjoyment from gorgeous clothes, rich banquets, luxurious houses and other material aspects, but those satisfaction are temporary and it is difficult to touch the spiritual enjoyment in our hearts. Only the pleasure of reading can last forever. If you read more books, your temperament can be reflected inadvertently. The process of reflection is not necessarily standing on the podium to make a speech, not necessarily walking into the screen, or publishing your own works, but when you communicate with others, others can clearly feel that this is a scholar.
What is the wealth left by reading? This is what Ma Weidou wants to explain to these pillars of the future. Ma Weidou's explanation to students is a matter of the world, and the interests go hand in hand. There is only one thing that does no harm, and that is reading. The ancients said: "People have accumulated goodness for hundreds of years, but the first goodness is nothing but reading." The knowledge transmitted by books is not accumulated by your own life, but by predecessors. The richest wealth accumulated by predecessors is books. Our predecessors turned knowledge into words for future generations to read, and absorbed the nutrition in words, which made us take fewer detours today. This is the first great benefit of our study. We can learn to choose our own life from books and see the way of life clearly.
For everyone, reading is fair at the starting point. No matter you are a white-haired old man or a teenager who is not deeply involved in the world, books will be presented to you in the same posture and way. At this point, Ma Weidou turned to the fascinating and glorious cultural relics, and explained China culture through several groups of cultural relics pictures, unconsciously showing everyone the charm of reading.
The places in "Saving the Oil Lamp" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" do not conform to the historical facts ... Let the cultural relics speak and tell you why you want to study with evidence.
Cultural relics provide us with a proof of how high our culture has reached. Culture is abstract, but cultural relics are concrete things. Today, people can learn about the culture of a certain historical period through cultural relics, and let us know what kind of state China culture is. Looking at history closely, we can see the cohesion of culture and the true face of history from the cultural relics. To discover the mystery of history from the carrier of cultural relics, we have to rely on reading.
"Saving oil lamp" is the first "magic weapon" that Ma Weidou took out. He asked the classmates at the scene that in life, we often hear parents say their children: "You are really not an oil lamp!" " "Why do parents use" oil lamps "to contact their children? Ma Weidou encouraged students to express their views, and students gave different answers to this question. Ma Weidou told everyone that Lu You's works found the answer to this question.
Lu You explained "saving oil lamps" in Notes on Old Learning Temple: "Make a small hole at one end, fill it with cold water, and change it every night. Ordinary lamps are dried by fire, so they dry quickly. This alone will not work, saving fuel for a few and a half. " Ma Weidou explained: "Why does the oil run out when the light is on?" ? Except for the part used for lighting, oil will evaporate due to the increase of temperature. The ancients were very clever. In order to reduce the evaporation of oil, they invented this kind of oil-saving lamp, which uses water to cool the oil. Cold water can reduce evaporation of oil. According to the book, it can save 40% oil.
Immediately, Ma Weidou preached that ancient scholars had a pleasure in reading, which was called reading candlelight at night. Ancient lighting was far from today, but under such conditions, the ancients still maintained the fun of reading and were full of enthusiasm for learning. We invented many lights to protect our eyesight. Today's children, as long as they are studying, will never be unhappy with how many lights they turn on. In such a bright environment, will middle school students have great and eternal enthusiasm for books like the ancients?
Ma Weidou also introduced the origin of stirrup. He told the students and teachers at the scene that the stirrup was first invented by China people. Foreigners are also called stirrup China boots. The stirrup was originally used not in civil affairs, but in the military, mainly to free hands and facilitate riding. Qin Shihuang's terracotta warriors and horses had no stirrups at once, at least not in the Qin and Han Dynasties, so they could not fight immediately. This tells us the fact that the novels and films of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms violate the historical truth on this issue. At that time, people couldn't fight at once. In the war, even if a man rides a horse and runs to the enemy, he turns over and dismounts, and both sides fight on the ground. Although such historical truth seems ridiculous to modern people, the real thing cannot be changed. The stirrup was probably invented in the Western Jin Dynasty, and the earliest evidence we found today was unearthed in Shanxi. Horses in Qin and Han dynasties were all light armour. After the invention of the stirrup, the horse put on heavy armor and became a heavy armor horse, and the war became extremely cruel. This is the historical truth that the textual research of cultural relics tells us.
The third magic weapon brought by Ma Weidou is the "bed". When talking about the evolution of "bed", Ma Weidou told the students about the evolution of the living habits of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation used to sit on the floor, but today the words related to sitting on the floor are all ancient words, such as seat, chairman and so on. The habit of sitting on the floor has brought us a lot of vocabulary. Today, we still say that after entering the university, we will hold a banquet and hold a "thank you teacher seat". Our national treasure "Han Xizai's Night Banquet" shows us the habit of ancient people sitting on the floor. On this premise, let's look at Li Bai's "Thinking about a Quiet Night". If women and children know it, they will have different experiences. "The foot of my bed is shining with such bright light. Is it frosty already? Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank back, and I suddenly thought of home. "Li Bai didn't want home in the bed defined by modern people." The doors and windows of buildings in the Tang Dynasty are relatively small, so it is difficult for moonlight to shine into the house. The windows of the ancients were generally small, and the function of windows was ventilation, not lighting. From "Is there frost already?" Li Bai should be outdoors. With furniture at home, there can be no large-scale frost. Ma Weidou made bold guesses and detailed arguments for students with poems by Bai Juyi and others. He thinks that the "bed" mentioned in Li Bai's poems is actually a "Hu bed". In the course of these arguments, Ma Weidou tried to tell the students that many interesting things can be seen from a simple poem.
Ma Weidou talked about Xing Junjiu, Li Bai and Yu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty, and introduced why the word "number one" became a symbol of power. While displaying cultural relics, Ma Weidou asked for a quotation. He proved to the students on the spot that there is no other way to understand this knowledge except reading.
Ma Weidou has been collected for 30 years, and Guanfu Museum was established 12 years. Behind these years is a long and devoted reading process. He has a wide range of reading interests, whether he collects professional books or books on literature, history, geography, philosophy or even science and technology. Ma Weidou said that he likes reading the history of science and technology in China very much. Although it has little to do with collection, every step of science and technology affects the formation and change of cultural relics. Why those cultural relics are like this and not in other forms has a lot to do with the development of science and technology. He also likes reading Chinese political history and China philosophy history. He said that reading more books would be good for judging things. The judgment of cultural relics is difficult because it is not a simple judgment, but a comprehensive judgment: historical causes, scientific and technological content, human environment, including philosophical thoughts, are all included. Read more books, your way of thinking will be rich and meticulous, and your judgment will be accurate.
It is the responsibility of teenagers to understand cultural heritage. Teenagers should learn to be human, do things, get along with others and learn to learn.
A reporter at the scene asked: "How to let young people know more about the collection and China culture?" Ma Weidou said that many people who visit Guanfu Museum are teenagers. Some teenagers even go every weekend. Most of them are students who are interested in collections and cultural relics. One of the characteristics of cultural relics is that they can present new things with your experience, experience and knowledge every time. He believes that the process of students' reading is actually like our intake of nutrition. The more miscellaneous and nutritious you eat, the healthier you will be. However, at present, in school education, mathematics, physics, chemistry and other disciplines are more inclined to study, and the cultivation of students' interest lags far behind the needs of students.
Yuan Aijun, the principal of the experimental middle school, added that there is a module on cultural heritage in the curriculum reform of senior high schools, but as far as Beijing is concerned, few schools can offer this course. The setting of this module shows that we attach importance to traditional culture and different national cultures, and hope to give students rich knowledge in this class. It is necessary to offer more elective courses, and now there is such guidance and information after the new curriculum reform. There are many elective courses in experimental middle school, such as architecture elective course. Students can not only learn about the civilian culture in the process of learning the architectural culture of Beijing Siheyuan, but also visit the pattern of the Forbidden City and Gongwangfu on the spot, and learn about the architectural culture and national culture on a broader basis in China. In addition, the school also offers classic reading, seal cutting and calligraphy classes, all of which have special classrooms. The school not only provides many courses for students, but also plans to build an art museum in the school. For students, they may not become connoisseurs and collectors in the future, but as China people, students should have feelings for Chinese things and a high sense of identity with national culture, which is also education.
When Ma Weidou left the experimental middle school, he gave the students four adult standards of UNESCO. He said earnestly: "Learning to be a man, learning to do things, learning to get along with others and learning to learn are things that every student should try his best to do well, especially' learning to learn'. As far as my feeling is concerned, the orientation of our family, school and society is not consistent now, and the educational environment of students is becoming more and more complicated. After entering the social gate, the values and outlook on life taught by schools may find that many of their previous concepts are pedantic and have no practical value, so they must be adjusted in time. No matter how much you learn at school today, as soon as you leave school, you will find that many things you have learned are useless, and you must learn to study again. " Ma Weidou compared all the achievements in life to a building, and compared one's knowledge to a brick. We may not know which brick is in architectural knowledge, but when many bricks are demolished, the building will collapse. Learning is also a process of continuous supply. If we want this building of life to stand firm and stand firm in the storm of life, we must keep learning, mending and adding bricks and tiles. In this learning process, reading must be an important pleasure. The process of reading is the process of facing our predecessors, wise men and knowledge, and the surprises it brings us are always casual. It is necessary for us to make this carelessness last longer and make reading a good habit and good partner with us all our lives.
Editor: Ma Weidou approached middle school students and sent them a message: How do successful people succeed? He must have learned it not only through class, but also through cultural influence and various qualities. Ma Weidou talked about collection from reading and the necessity of cultural literacy from cultural relics. During the speech, he never forgot to talk about reading. Reading is not only a tribute to our endless history, but also an important way to get close to and appreciate the profound charm of China culture. This is a habit that we should have all our lives, because with this habit, our life will be full of fun.
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