First of all, a naturally intelligent person generally means that this person has talent. What is talent? Baidu Encyclopedia says that talent is talent, which is a growth feature that existed before growth. It is unique and special to have the ability to be good at certain things or fields, so as to grow faster than others who have the same experience or even no experience. In other words, I have been sensitive to certain things or fields since I was born.

Secondly, I don't think there are people who are born stupid. Unless there is a mental defect, everyone has his own sense of superiority, but he is not good at discovering or understanding it.

Moreover, the wise man after tomorrow can be understood as a born mediocre talent, but through the efforts of the day after tomorrow to become a wise man, such people can be understood as diligence and can make up for it.

Finally, there are no acquired fools unless there are mental defects. Sometimes it's not that others can't see it, but they just don't want to say it.

If you think that the difference between smart people and stupid people lies in intelligence.

Then I would say that nature does play a role, but it is not absolute. The day after tomorrow is equally important.

Intelligence is the organic unity of innate elements and acquired elements.

Intelligence is an organic combination of stable psychological characteristics to ensure people to effectively carry out cognitive activities.

The basic function of congenital factors that determine the heredity, structure and function of nervous system.

The day after tomorrow can play a decisive role in a series of factors.

1, growth environment and life experience;

2. Knowledge structure;

3. Social standpoint (emotion, will);

4. Ways and means of thinking.

If you understand intelligence as a house. Congenital factors are the foundation, and acquired factors determine what can be built.

In a word, developing intelligence and cultivating ability is a systematic project. Nature and nurture can't be alone, nor can they be a wise man.

My opinion:

1, first define smart people and stupid people.

A wise man refers to a person with high talent, strong understanding and memory. We often boast that some people are smart now, but we actually mean the so-called "smart", that is, when facing a single thing, they show their unique characteristics such as quick understanding, quick response, timely response and superior memory.

Stupid people have relatively average talent, average understanding and memory, even slower than ordinary people. When we say that others are stupid, we often mean the same thing, because that person's understanding and acceptance ability is slower than others, his response is slow, his response is not timely enough, and he always can't remember things, so we will think that others are stupid.

Based on the above definition, I think that for children before the age of 6, cleverness and stupidity are mostly due to innate differences. After starting formal primary education at the age of 6, the efforts and concentration of the day after tomorrow will begin to produce more effects.

The essence of hard work is to constantly set higher goals for yourself, and then constantly urge yourself to learn and improve, so as to achieve the higher goals set by yourself. When we were young, we were called studying hard. When we are adults, if we can keep this state, we can call it "continuous improvement".

The essence of concentration is the management and concentration of attention. Everyone's energy, brain power and time are limited. We always say that we should make a hole, concentrate resources and focus on breakthroughs, which means that we should spend more time, energy and brain power on things we like and pursue more. If you are more focused and keep working hard, you will do this thing better and better.

So to sum up my point of view, with the growth of people's age, the acquired efforts and concentration will gradually occupy more factors. Congenital differences will gradually reduce the proportion of influence. You want to be an expert in an industry (top 5%), as long as you have been working hard and focusing. However, to become the top of an industry (1%) requires continuous efforts, dedication and talent. There is a saying that should be better understood. You are not afraid of smart people, but you are afraid that smart people will work as hard as you.

My opinion, above. Thank you.

I don't know whether people are born smart, I only know whether people are born smart. Although it is natural, it is also inseparable from the efforts of the day after tomorrow. Generally speaking, everything in the world has seed genes first. For example, plants and animals in nature have seed genes first, and then grow things with different shapes and properties on the premise of karma polymerization. Together with the efforts of the day after tomorrow, it bears corresponding fruits. Whether a person is smart or not depends on the cause and effect of previous lives, parents' genes and the combination time of sperm and eggs, which involves many factors. Just like crops, although there are good varieties, we must not miss the farming season, and only when soil water and fertilizer management are in place can we have a good harvest. Therefore, everything has seed genes first, and then it can play its original performance by karma polymerization. Isn't it obvious that people are smart or not?

The result of the organic combination of nature and placenta.

One is born smart (called prodigy and genius), the other is stupid (born mentally retarded), and the other is acquired smart (hard-trained smart). The three are dialectical relations of contradiction transformation.

Reading more books can cure fools.

If they are all normal people, there should be no natural cleverness.

What human beings can't hide, except cough and love for a person, may be IQ.

We know that we may not be able to use the word "brilliant".

Like Mr. Zhihu, you may have never won a prize in the top Olympic games since you were a child, nor have you experienced the highlight moment when IQ crushed everyone (more scenes were crushed instead).

Of course, although we tease ourselves every day that our brains are not good at being young, no one really thinks that our IQ is low.

After all, we were taught from an early age that "there is no intellectual difference between people, and the difference between people lies in factors such as will and frustration tolerance, which are collectively called emotional intelligence." 」

Compared with talent and intelligence, the mainstream educational view seems to emphasize the importance of "hard work the day after tomorrow". Zhihu gentleman to discuss again, it is the "stereotype" can't make us feel more in control of the former:

Are intelligent brains and human intelligence innate?

Friend: Ze Ran (excellent respondent on programming topic)

I sing out of tune, while my cousin sings very well. We are the same age and grew up together. I came into contact with songs a little early. But after listening to it once, he can sing. I studied with headphones for a month. I can only get closer to the music or run.

This is a very interesting thing. More interestingly, he couldn't understand why I was out of tune, and I couldn't understand why he didn't run.

My wife has been a teacher since childhood. She won a scholarship from a scientific research institution and took the GRE exam. She sat on the sofa with a little red book and watched TV with me. Read books, watch TV for a while, laugh and comment while watching. In this way, she took the exam in her spare time, came out and said a few questions that she couldn't understand, and finally the score came out, almost perfect.

I think there are differences between people, and this difference is often incomprehensible and difficult to describe.

Some people are naturally good at certain fields, while others need several times of efforts to be as good as others.

But you don't have to use this to rank, and don't call it IQ. It's just a difference It's like some people are born to run fast, jump high and have good physical fitness, some are born to sing and draw, and some are born to be good at math and physics. That's all, there's nothing to make a fuss about.

Natural differences are not necessarily irreparable. But I believe that people's brains are plastic, just as thin people can become strong after exercise, so people can also become smart.

From the study of 15 addictive brain to see the researcher's point of view.

Bosom friend: Ge Jianqiao (Ph.D. in Psychology, Peking University, postdoctoral fellow at the University of Chicago, USA, and now lecturer at Peking University Frontier Interdisciplinary Research Institute).

According to a study published in the journal Science in 2005, it is inferred that the last gene update in the human brain was 5,800 years ago.

What is this concept?

It is basically the initial period of Chinese civilization that we have been talking about. In other words, from that time on, the pre-installed system of the brain that we modern people have brought with us since birth is not much different from that of Huangdi in Yan Di, Laozi in Confucius and Mencius, Hanwu in Qin Huang, etc. You are all using the latest version.

But does this mean that human intelligence has reached the ceiling?

This is an interesting question. In fact, the human brain had a pre-installed system before we were born, even before we were born. On this basis, plus the influence of external environment, social environment, education and training we received, unique life experience, self-awareness, etc. Our brains are still undergoing big or small changes.

In 2005, brain scientists just discovered that the index of "gray matter concentration in cerebral cortex" can be used to quantitatively describe the structural characteristics of different regions of the brain. Therefore, they thought of exploring the relationship between human spatial navigation ability and different brain regions. Space navigation ability, in layman's terms, is people's ability to find their way. People with poor ability are what we call "road idiots". Because this group of scientists all work in Britain, they think of a group of people with the most powerful ability in space navigation, that is, taxi drivers in London.

The roads in London are irregular, horizontal and vertical, and there are all kinds of bends and one-way streets everywhere. Even ordinary people often get lost when driving. But taxi drivers in London can shuttle through the city even without the help of GPS and other tools, which can be described as super spatial navigation ability. So, scientists compared the brains of two groups of people, one is a taxi driver in London, and the other is an ordinary driver with similar driving experience in the local area. Results Scientists found that the concentration of gray matter in the brain of London taxi drivers was significantly higher than that of ordinary drivers, that is, the hippocampus of the human brain.

Hippocampus does not belong to the cerebral cortex, but is a subcortical structure, which has always been considered to be related to brain functions such as memory, including spatial memory. More interestingly, they also found that the gray matter concentration of this hippocampus in the taxi driver's brain is positively correlated with the number of years he has been driving a taxi. In other words, driving a taxi in London itself is a kind of training of spatial navigation ability, and the results of this training are faithfully reflected in our brains.

This little example embodies a very important feature of our human brain, which is the plasticity of the brain. It is precisely because of this plasticity of the brain that we all have a pre-installed system at birth, but in life, with the changes of environment and personal experience, the brain is also changing and constantly being shaped.

So, "is a person smart or not, born or acquired?" My answer to this question is that intelligence is the result of the interaction between innate and acquired * * *, that is to say, our brains are pre-installed with systematic and dynamic shaping, and * * * create together.

So, how does the adult brain "upgrade"?

In these thousands of years, the environment facing mankind has never changed so dramatically as the times we live in today.

Especially from the beginning of the industrial revolution to the present, with the rapid development of the Internet and artificial intelligence, the way people perceive the world, the perceived world and the relationship between people are very different from those in the past thousands of years.

Faced with information overload and social upheaval, our brains are under great evolutionary pressure. As Mr. Ge Jianqiao pointed out, the factory settings and pre-installed systems of our brains have not been updated for centuries.

Fortunately, the human brain has a high degree of plasticity, and it can constantly adjust and upgrade itself in an increasingly cruel and hard mode in response to endless new demands.

Therefore, if you can spend more time to understand our brains, you may have a brand-new understanding of the specific life challenges you are facing at present, such as anxiety, inferiority, procrastination, emotion, social interaction and so on, and get some inspiration.