Top ten thinkers in the world
Confucius
Confucius (55 BC1-479) was a thinker, philosopher and educator in China. He initiated Confucianism, which had a great influence on China's 4,000-year feudal culture and thought, as well as on the world culture and thought. When he was alive, he was known as "the sage of heaven", "the numerous heavenly eyes" and "the sage of the ages". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time and was called the most holy (saint among saints) by later generations. He edited poems, books, rites, music, Zhouyi, Spring and Autumn Period. The Analects of Confucius is a classic work of Confucianism, compiled by Confucius' disciples and disciples. It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.
Plato
Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher (about 427 BC-347 BC), is also one of the greatest philosophers and thinkers in the whole western philosophy and even the whole western culture. He, Socrates, the teacher, and Aristotle, the student, are called the three great philosophers of ancient Greece. Plato is the founder of western objective idealism, and his philosophical system is extensive and profound, which has a great influence on his teaching thought. Plato believes that the world consists of "the world of ideas" and "the world of phenomena". Based on this, Plato put forward the epistemology of idealism and memory as the philosophical basis of his teaching theory.
Aristotle
Aristotle (384-322 BC), a native of Guidorat in ancient Greece, was one of the greatest philosophers, scientists and educators in the ancient history of the world. Marx once called Aristotle the most learned figure among ancient Greek philosophers, and Engels called him ancient Hegel. He advocates that education is the function of the state and schools should be managed by the state. He first put forward the viewpoint of children's physical and mental development stage; He is in favor of the education of Athens bodybuilding and harmonious development, and advocates that natural quality, habit formation and rational development should be the three sources of moral education, but he opposes women's education and advocates "elegant" education, so that education can serve leisure.
Thomas Aquinas
Thomas (1226- 1274) is an Italian theologian and scholastic philosopher. He is the author of The Complete Book of Theology, etc. It is considered as an encyclopedia of Christianity. Its philosophical and theological system was designated as the official Catholic doctrine by Pope Leo XIII in 1879, and was later called Thomas Doctrine. 1567 was appointed as a doctrinal teacher and called "Doctor of the Universal Church". He created a huge system of scholasticism and theology, and made important contributions in ethics, logic, politics, metaphysics and epistemology. In the aspect of religious philosophy, he put forward five famous arguments to prove the existence of God, which had great influence on later generations.
Copernicus
Copernicus (1473- 1543). Polish thinker, astronomer and founder of Heliocentrism. Copernicus's "Heliocentrism" dealt a heavy blow to the world outlook of the church and was a great victory in the struggle between materialism and idealism. Astronomy has been liberated from the bondage of religious theology, and natural science has been reborn, which is of epoch-making significance in the development of modern science. Copernicus, who wrote about celestial movements, was a devout Catholic from beginning to end. With scientific observation, he denied the old knowledge of the Catholic church that had no biblical basis but had far-reaching influence.
bacon
Francis Bacon (156 1- 1626), a British thinker and philosopher, is the true ancestor of British materialism and the whole modern experimental science. Francis Bacon is a real modern philosopher. His whole worldview is secular rather than religious (although he firmly believes in God). He is a rationalist rather than a superstitious admirer, an empiricist rather than a sophist. Politically, he is a realist, not a theorist. His profound knowledge, coupled with his wonderful writing style, is integrated with science and technology.
newton
Newton (1642- 1727). British physicist, philosopher, thinker and mathematician. Newton is a master of classical mechanical theory. He systematically summarized the work of Galileo, Kepler and Huygens, and got the famous laws of gravity and Newton's three laws of motion. Newton's three laws of material immortality say that the quality of material is immortal; The law of conservation of energy is about the conservation of energy of matter.
Voltaire
Voltaire (1694- 1778): Formerly Fran-Marie Arouet (Fran? Ois-Marie Arouet), Voltaire is his pen name. French enlightenment thinker, writer and philosopher. Voltaire was the standard-bearer of the French bourgeois enlightenment in the18th century, and was known as "the king of French thought", "the best poet in France" and "the conscience of Europe". He advocates natural human rights and believes that all people are born free and equal, and all people have the right to pursue survival and happiness, which is endowed by heaven and cannot be deprived. This is an innate idea of human rights.
Kant
Kant (1724- 1804). German philosopher and thinker. Oppose feudal privileges and advocate respect for civilians. Kant's "three criticisms" constitute his great philosophical system, which are: Critique of Pure Reason (178 1 year), Critique of Practical Reason (1788) and Critique of Judgment (1790). After his death, Kant soon changed from the shadow of philosophy to a superstar in the sky of human thought. Karl karl jaspers, a famous German contemporary philosopher, is the founder of modern existentialism philosophy, and he is also known as three "never-ending founders of philosophy" with Kant, Plato and Augustine.
Darwin
Darwin (1809- 1882). British naturalist, thinker and founder of evolution. He made a lot of observation and collection of animals and plants and geology, and after comprehensive discussion, he formed the concept of biological evolution. 1859 published the Origin of Species, which shocked the academic circles at that time. It is proved by a large number of data in the book that all kinds of creatures are not created by God, but constantly develop and change in heredity, variation, survival competition and natural selection. From simple to complex, from low to high, the theory of biological evolution is put forward, thus destroying all kinds of idealistic creationism and species invariance.