The main methods of studying the history of mathematics are literature research, comparative research, mathematical practice research, social history research and philosophical research. 1. Literature research: Literature research is the basic method to study the history of mathematics. By studying the mathematical literature of past dynasties, this paper analyzes and evaluates the historical mathematical knowledge, ideas, methods and ways of thinking, so as to deeply explore the evolution and development of the history of mathematics.

2. Comparative study: Comparative study reveals the development and changes of mathematical ideas and methods and explores the inherent laws of mathematical history by comparing and analyzing the mathematical achievements of different schools and different periods in the history of mathematics.

3. Mathematical practice research: Mathematical practice research is to understand the generation, evolution and application of mathematical methods and ideas through in-depth study of mathematical practice in history, and reveal the relationship between mathematical practice and the development of science and technology.

4. Social history research: Social history research is to explore the relationship between mathematics and social development by analyzing the influence of politics, economy, culture and social environment on mathematics development in historical period.

5. Philosophical research: Philosophical research is to explore the relationship between mathematical thinking and philosophical thinking through philosophical analysis of historical mathematical thinking and methods, and to deeply understand the essence and phenomena of mathematics.

To sum up, the choice of research methods for the history of mathematics depends on the research objects and problems, and different methods need to be comprehensively used to better explore the evolution, development and significance of the history of mathematics.