20 10 sample problem of learning situation analysis in senior two.

Biology test questions

The first volume (multiple choice questions ***55 points)

1. Multiple-choice question: This question includes 20 small questions, each with 2 points and * * 40 points. Of the four options given in each question, only one option best meets the requirements of the topic.

1. Sugar does not exist, lipid does not necessarily exist, protein does not necessarily exist, and the essential element of nucleic acid is ().

A. British Petroleum Company

2. The following statement about the unity of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is correct ()

A. all have mitochondria B. all have ribosomes C. all have chromosomes D. all have nuclear membranes

3. The following statement about the nucleus is true ()

A. The nucleus is the main site for cell metabolism of living cells.

By observing eukaryotic cells in interphase with optical microscope, chromosomes in the nucleus can be observed.

C. the nucleus volume of aging cells increases and the chromatin shrinks.

During mitosis, the number of chromosomes in the nucleus doubles after replication.

4. Monoclonal antibody phospholipid microspheres prepared by "artificial membrane technology"

As shown in the figure. When the drug is injected into the blood of experimental mice for a period of time, the first one

First, the drug was detected in some cancer cells. According to this, drugs

The way to enter the cell is most likely ()

A. Membrane fusion or endocytosis is induced by the recognition of antibodies and cells.

B. Free diffusion of drug molecules through microspheres and cell membranes

C. Active transport of drug molecules through carriers that recognize cell membranes

D. Active infection of microspheres is induced by recognition of antibodies and cells.

German scientist saxophone left the green leaves in the dark for several hours, then let them "starve" (consume the starch in the leaves), then covered some leaves and exposed others. After a period of time, the leaves are decolored, washed and treated with iodine solution. As a result, the shaded part does not turn blue, and the exposed part turns blue. The following analysis and conclusions about this experiment are reasonable.

( )

① There is no control group in this experiment.

② Whether there is illumination or not is the only reason why shading and exposure areas show different results.

③ At the beginning of the experiment, both the shading area and the exposure area reached a starch-free state.

④ Experiments show that chloroplasts use light to convert CO2 into starch.

A. only 23B. Only 123C. Only 234D ①-④ All.

6. The following figure is a schematic diagram of substance changes in some metabolic processes in green plant cells. A, B and C respectively represent different thank-you processes. The following statement is correct ()

The substances represented by a.x are ADP and Pi.

B.b is carried out in the matrix of mitochondria.

C. process b converts the energy in ATP into energy stored in organic matter.

D O2 generated in process a is used in the first stage of process C ..

7. Cell differentiation, senescence and apoptosis are common life phenomena. The following statement is true ()

A. the aging of various tissues and cells in the human body is synchronous.

B. Cell canceration is the result of high cell differentiation.

C. During the development of tadpoles into frogs, tail cells gradually die with development.

D "senile plaque" on the skin is the product of apoptosis.

8. If the picture below is a schematic diagram of a DNA molecule on a chromosome of Drosophila. The following statement is true ()

A. the white eye gene contains multiple ribonucleotides.

B. the white eye gene is a DNA fragment with genetic effect.

C. the white eye gene is located in the cytoplasm.

D. the basic unit of the white eye gene is four bases.

9. The following figure 1 shows the primary spermatocytes of an organism, and Figure 2 shows five spermatocytes of the organism. According to the type and number of chromosomes in the picture, it is judged that the one most likely to come from the same secondary spermatocyte is ().

A.①② B.②④ C.③⑤ D.①④

10. The following statement about human genetic diseases is wrong ()

A. single gene mutation can lead to genetic diseases.

B. changes in chromosome structure can lead to genetic diseases.

C consanguineous marriage will increase the risk of recessive genetic diseases.

D environmental factors have no effect on the incidence of polygenic genetic diseases.

1 1. The following figure is a family diagram of a sex-linked genetic disease. The following statement is wrong ()

The disease is a dominant genetic disease, and ⅱ-4 is heterozygote.

B.Ⅲ-7 Marry a normal man, and the child is not ill.

C.Ⅲ-8 married a normal woman, and her son was not sick.

D the incidence of the disease in male population is higher than that in female population.

12. According to the curve below, it is ().

A. If the horizontal axis represents blood glucose concentration, the vertical axis can represent insulin concentration.

B. If the horizontal axis represents the concentration of thyroid hormone, the vertical axis can represent nail lifting.

Gland hormone concentration

C. If the horizontal axis represents the time after vaccination, the vertical axis can represent a short time.

Time concentration of corresponding antibody

If the horizontal axis represents ambient temperature, the vertical axis can represent plant somatic cells.

Ratio of internal free water to bound water

13. Scientists have successfully solved the mystery of silence of neuron "silent synapse". Previously, it was found that there was a kind of synapse in the brain that had only synaptic structure and no information transmission function, which was called "silent synapse". Please guess what the scientists have achieved in this research ()

① There is no nucleus in synapse ② The postsynaptic membrane lacks corresponding receptors.

③ The presynaptic membrane lacks corresponding receptors; ④ Synaptosomes cannot release corresponding transmitters.

A.②④ B.②③ C.②③④ D.③④

14. After the bacteria propagated in 15N medium for several generations, the nitrogenous bases of bacterial DNA all contained 15N, and then transferred to 14N medium for culture, and the DNA of their offspring was extracted and separated by high-speed centrifugation. The following figures ① ~ ⑤ are possible results, and the following statement is wrong ().

A. the DNA of the offspring of the first division should be ⑤.

B the DNA of the offspring of the second division should be ①.

C. The DNA of the offspring of the third division should be ③.

D. Parents' DNA should be ⑤.

15. The following statement about population, community and ecosystem is wrong ().

Population density is the most basic quantitative characteristic of population.

B. The factors leading to community succession include changes in internal factors and external environment of the community.

The energy absorbed by consumers in the artificial fish pond ecosystem is often greater than the solar energy fixed by producers.

D. During the natural succession of the community, the species richness is increasing and the stability of the ecosystem is gradually decreasing.

16. The following figure shows the change curve of the number of grass, insects and birds on a grassland. The following statement is true ()

A, A, B and C are birds, insects and grass in turn.

B. the most likely cause of ecosystem collapse is the sharp decline of birds.

The decrease of a at point C.B is mainly due to the decrease of natural enemies.

The increase in the number of point D and point A is mainly due to the increase in food.

17. In protein project, the object that needs direct operation is ().

A. Amino acid structure B. protein spatial structure

C. Peptide chain structure D. Gene structure

18. The following figure shows the growth curve of a population in a limited environment. The following statement about narrative errors is ()

A.k is the maximum population allowed by environmental conditions.

B. before the k value, the population number gradually increased.

C. If other factors such as emigration and emigration are not taken into account, the birth rate = death rate when the value is K..

D, assuming that this is a fish population, fishing can only begin when the population reaches the K value.

19. The reason why hormone should be used for estrus synchronization after the recipient cows are selected is ()

A. prevent the genetic material of transplanted embryos from changing.

B donors and recipients produce the same and more eggs after synchronization in estrus.

C Only when the physiological state of the recipient and the donor is the same can the transplanted embryo continue to develop normally.

D. after estrus synchronization, the ability of fertilization and binding between egg cells and sperm is strong.

20. Here are four pictures about biological experiments. Which statement is correct ()

A. when fig. ① changes from a to b, the number of cells observed in the visual field increases.

B. Figure ② The two coleoptiles will bend in the same direction.

C. Figure ③ The condition of plasma wall separation is that the concentration of cell fluid is greater than the concentration of external solution.

D Figure ④ is the result of extracting and separating pigment from tomato leaves cultivated in magnesium-deficient medium for a long time.

Second, multiple-choice questions: this question includes 5 small questions, each with 3 points, *** 15 points. Among the four options given in each small question, more than one option meets the meaning of the question. Those who choose all the answers to each small question will get 3 points, and other situations will not get extra points.

2 1. The following statement is true ().

A. Heating the mixture of inactivated S-type pneumococcus and live R-type pneumococcus can cause septicemia in healthy mice.

In higher plant photosynthesis, BAATP, [H] and O2 are all produced on chloroplast thylakoid membrane.

C. Variation of chromosome structure will change the number or arrangement order of genes on chromosomes.

The proportion of the sum of G and C in the total number of bases in D.D.DNA is not equal to its proportion in a chain.

22. The following chemical reactions in human cells must be carried out in organelles ().

A.ATP production B. trypsin synthesis

Synthesis of C.C.mRNA D. Production of carbon dioxide

23. About the use of alcohol in related experiments, the following statement is true ().

A. When extracting pigment from chloroplasts, anhydrous ethanol can be used instead of acetone solution.

B. Soaking cuttings with 75% alcohol can promote cuttings to take root.

C. DNA insoluble in 95% cold alcohol can be further purified.

D. Identify the fat in peanut cotyledons with Sudan III, and wash off the floating color with 50% alcohol.

24. The following statement about cell engineering is true ().

A. Compared with plant somatic hybridization, animal cell fusion has the same methods, technical means and principles, and can form hybrid cells and hybrid individuals.

In the process of tissue culture, cell dedifferentiation, chromosome variation or gene mutation may occur in the process of root tip cells forming callus, but gene recombination is impossible.

C, obtaining haploid plants by anther culture in vitro, extracting shikonin from Arnebia euchroma callus, and cultivating tomato-potato hybrid plants by cell engineering, all of which adopt plant tissue culture technology; However, plant tissue culture technology is not used to obtain polyploid plants by treating germinated seeds or seedlings with colchicine.

D. IVF is essentially the product of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, but couples who do not produce sperm or eggs cannot get their own children.

25. The description of the following four pictures is correct ()

A Figure A can correctly show the change curve of the amount of substances produced when the enzyme concentration increases and other conditions remain unchanged (the dotted line in the figure is the curve after the enzyme concentration increases).

B The base sequence of one strand of ① in Figure B is basically the same as ④; ② There are 64 species.

C Curve A in Figure C can represent the consumption of organic matter by decomposers in a stable ecological bottle, and curve B can represent the amount of CO2 absorbed or released by producers.

D in tuding, edible fungi and maggot pupae were cultivated with residues, which realized the multi-level utilization of substances.

Volume 2 (non-multiple choice questions ***65 points)

Third, non-multiple choice questions: this question contains 9 small questions, with ***65 points.

26.(8 points) Figure 1 is the curve of photosynthesis speed of wheat varieties A and B under different light intensities, and Figure 2 is the result of the change of oxygen consumption of goldfish with oxygen partial pressure in water under different water temperatures. Please answer the questions according to the pictures.

(1) In figure 1, the growth of wheat varieties A and B is significantly affected by the long-term continuous rainy environment. At the moment when it turned cloudy, the relative content of C5 compounds in mesophyll cells changed little. (increase, constant, decrease)

(2) In the range of 0 ~ 8 kilolux, the environmental factors limiting the photosynthetic rate of variety A are: when it exceeds 8 kilolux, the environmental factors limiting the photosynthetic rate of two wheat varieties are.

(3) When the light intensity is 10 kilolux, the actual photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves is CO2mg/100cm2? h .

(4) As can be seen from Figure 2, the main environmental factors that limit the oxygen consumption of goldfish at point P and point Q are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ respectively. If oxygen is labeled with radioisotopes, the first radioactive compound is the main significance of this process to goldfish somatic cells.

27.(7 points) Figure 1 is the submicroscopic structure model of higher animal cells, Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of cell division of a male individual of an organism, and Figure 3 is the relationship between chromosome, chromatid and DNA content in cells at different stages during cell division in Figure 2. Please answer the question according to the picture: (fill in the serial number or letter in [] and fill in the text)

(1) Figure 1 In cells, the place where ATP is produced is [], and the organelle where base complementary pairing can occur is []. If the figure 1 shows human bone marrow stem cells, then the cell may divide as shown in Figure 2, and the reason why bone marrow stem cells divide and differentiate into monocytes, granulocytes, red blood cells, lymphocytes and other cells is this result.

(2) According to the cell A in Figure 2, the number of chromosomes in the cell of this creature can be at most strips. The free combination of genes takes place in the period of [] cells in Figure 2.

(3) The change from III to IV in Figure 3 corresponds to the cell change in Figure 2.

28.(7 points) The partial base sequence of a phage gene is shown in the figure below, and the amino acid sequence encoded by this fragment is "…… methionine-histidine-valine-isoleucine ……" (the codon of methionine is AUG).

196 1 year, Crick and other scientists did the following experiments with phage: treat the nucleic acid of phage with mutagen. If a base pair is inserted between two adjacent base pairs of the above fragment so that the codon sequence "…AUGCAUGUUAUU…" becomes "…AUGCAUGUUAUU…", all the obtained peptide chains will be dislocated except the first amino acid. If one base pair is subtracted, the UGU in the codon sequence will be subtracted by a U, which becomes "…AUGCCAUGUAUU…". Results Only two amino acids in the synthesized peptide chain were different from the original one.

Answer according to the above information:

(1) The molecule containing the above codon sequence is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, which is synthesized with the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ chain of the above gene as the template, and this synthesis process is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) In scientists' experiments, "base pairs" are inserted or subtracted from the nucleotide chain, and the variation caused by this change belongs to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Generally speaking, the most likely site for this mutation of phage is _ _ _ _ _.

(3) Experiments by Crick and other scientists prove that a codon is composed of.

(4) Phage is a common experimental material in genetic research. If scientists first cultivate E.coli in a 35S medium containing radioactive isotopes, and then use the above E.coli to cultivate phages containing 32P labels, then the substances that may detect radioactive labels in the offspring phages are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

29.(7 points) Please answer the following two questions about heredity and variation:

Ⅰ Scientists found the gene GIF 1 in rice, and the expression product of this gene can catalyze the formation of starch. When this gene is mutated, rice can't grow normal grains.

(1) The above data show that genes can control the metabolic process by controlling the synthesis of enzymes, and then control.

(2) Early maturity (d) is dominant for late maturity (d), disease resistance (r) is dominant for susceptible disease (r), and two pairs of relative traits are independently inherited. Now F 1 is obtained by crossing two pure plants, which is easy to mature early and resistant to late maturity. F 1 selfing, * * to obtain F2 plant 16 16. Theoretically, there are plants with early maturity and disease resistance, among which the proportion of heterozygotes is.

(3) In order to cultivate stable new varieties with early maturity and disease resistance in a short time, the best breeding method is.

Ⅱ. In Drosophila melanogaster, red-eyed male flies crossed with black-eyed female flies, and F 1 only had dark red eyes; In the backcross F 1, the female flies have dark red eyes, and the male flies have vermilion eyes.

(1) In this pair of relative characters of Drosophila, the dominant character is.

(2) Write the genotype and proportion of backcross F 1 (genes can be represented by a and a respectively).

(3) Write down the genotypes of the parent female Drosophila melanogaster in the two hybrid combinations.

30.(7 points) The traditional view is based on the comprehensive study of the giant panda fossils, living habits and living environment of existing species, and it is considered that the endangered giant panda is inevitable in the process of evolution. The latest population genetics research shows that the existing giant pandas have not reached the end of evolutionary history and still have evolutionary potential. It is found that the existing population of this species still maintains high genetic diversity and long-term evolutionary potential. The giant panda also experienced a powerful population expansion after the last glacier melt, and the decline of the existing population only began thousands of years ago. Please answer the following questions according to the main viewpoints and contents of modern biological evolution theory and the above information:

(1) All genes contained in all individuals in a giant panda population belong to this population. If the giant panda population still maintains a high genetic diversity, it actually reflects the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the genes in the population.

(2) Modern biological evolution holds that population is the basic unit of _ _ _ _ _ _ _. There are many factors that affect population gene frequency changes, such as natural selection and _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The fact that the giant panda experienced a powerful population expansion after the last ice age melting shows that its essence is that the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the giant panda population has changed dynamically in the evolution process.

(3) Mutation and harmony are the mechanisms of species formation and biological evolution.

3 1.(7 points) Figure 1 is the schematic diagram of a substance (①) secreted by secretory cells (a) combined with target cells (b), and Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of synapses. Answer the questions according to the pictures:

(1) Secretory cells can specifically bind to target cells because there are _ _ _ _ on the target cell membrane.

(2) After meals, the hormones in pancreatic venous blood of normal people increased significantly. If the secretory cell (a) is a hypothalamic cell, then the target cell is a _ cell.

(3) If the secretory cell (a) is a thyroid cell, can the target cell be a pituitary cell? _ 。 Briefly explain the reason: _.

(4) In Figure 2, A and B represent local amplification of two neurons. When A is stimulated and excited, the potential inside and outside the cell membrane is _.

(5) A biological interest group discussed the effects of drugs on nerve conduction. A drug can stop the breakdown of neurotransmitters. If this drug is placed at point C in Figure 2 and stimulated at point Y, postsynaptic neurons are expected to appear.

32.(6 points) The following figure 1 is a schematic diagram of carbon cycle, and Figure 2 is a food web. Please answer according to the picture:

(1) carbon flows in the form.

(2) The way of carbon entering biological community from inorganic environment is function; The sources of carbon in inorganic environment are (fill in the number).

(3) "Falling red is not a heartless thing, but turning into spring mud can better protect flowers" and "mantis catches cicada, yellowbird comes last", which mainly reflects the functional characteristics of the ecosystem.

(4) If the population in ② and its relationship are as shown in Figure 2, the relationship between the eagle and the snake is. If the organic matter in the eagle increases by 1.5g, assuming that the eagle gets equal energy from all food chains, it needs to consume at least one gram of plants.

33.(9 points) In the process of preventing and treating infectious diseases, people often use vaccines and antibodies. It is known that the pathogen of infectious diseases is RNA virus, and protein A on the surface of the virus is the main antigen. One of the processes of vaccine production and antibody preparation is as follows:

(1) process ①.

(2) Step ③ When constructing the recombinant vector of gene A, we must use and two tool enzymes.

(3) Process ⑥ is.

(4) The experimental technique adopted in process ⑦ is that X is.

(5) When healthy people are immunized against this infectious disease, the vaccine produced by genetic engineering in the figure can be selected. When the suspected infectious disease patient is diagnosed, the virus can be isolated from the suspected patient and compared with the known virus; Or using one of the graphs for specific binding detection.

34.(7 points) In order to explore the influence of high temperature on enzyme activity, a classmate designed and conducted the following experiment:

Method steps:

① Take two clean test tubes with the same size, numbered 1 and 2;

② Add 2mL3% of 3% 3% fresh hydrogen peroxide solution to test tube L, and add 1ml of 20% fresh liver grinding solution to test tube 2. Respectively placed in a constant temperature water bath at 65438 000℃ for 5 minutes;

③ Add the liver grinding fluid from No.2 test tube into No.0 test tube 1, shake well and put it in a constant temperature water bath at 100℃ for 5 minutes. As a result, no bubbles were observed.

Please answer the following questions accordingly:

(1) experimental purpose: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2) Result analysis: The reason why this student can't observe bubbles in the experiment may be that

_____________________________________________。

(3) Exchange and discussion: Students speculate that there are three reasons why bubbles are not observed in the experiment. In order to verify the inference, the following experimental scheme is designed on the basis of the original experiment.

Scheme ①: Slowly lower the temperature of the test tube to about 37℃. If no bubbles are generated during this process, add 2mL3% of 3% fresh hydrogen peroxide solution to the test tube and observe that no bubbles are generated, that is, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Scheme 2: Slowly cool the test tube to about 37℃. If no bubbles are generated during this process, add 1 ml of fresh 20% fresh liver grinding liquid into the test tube, and observe that no bubbles are generated, indicating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Scheme ③: If the phenomena in Scheme ① and Scheme ② are established at the same time, it means _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) In the experimental process of studying the influence of temperature on enzyme activity, it is necessary to control irrelevant variables.

Reference answer

1. Multiple-choice question: This question includes 20 small questions, each with 2 points and * * 40 points.

The title is 1 23455 6789 10.

Answer C B C A A C C B B D

The title is11213141516171819 20.

Answer D B A A D B D D C B

Second, multiple-choice questions: this question includes 5 small questions, each with 3 points, *** 15 points.

Title 2 1 22 23 24 25

Answer ABC BD ACD BCD AD

Third, non-multiple choice questions: this question contains 9 small questions, with ***65 points. Unless otherwise specified, each space 1 dot.

26.(8 points) (1) A certain variety is reduced.

(2) light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration

(3) 16 (4) oxygen partial pressure and temperature water provide energy.

27.(7 points) Selective expression of (1) 4525C gene.

(2)8 D (3)B→A

28.(7 points)

(1) messenger RNA (or mRNA) ② transcription

(2) Mutant bacteria (or host cells)

(3) Three adjacent bases in messenger RNA (or mRNA) (no score without the word "adjacent")

(4) protein and DNA (write full marks)

29.(7 points) Biological characteristics of I (1)

(2)909 8/9

(3) Haploid breeding

Ⅱ (1) dark red eye

(2) xaxa: xay = 1: 1 (write full marks)

(3)XaXa, XaXa (write full marks)

30.(7 points) (1) Diversity of gene pool

(2) Gene frequency of biological evolution gene mutation, gene recombination and chromosome variation (mutation, gene recombination) (3) Selective isolation.

3 1.(7 points) (1) glycoprotein (receptor)

(2) islet B cells, pituitary cells (or renal tubule and collecting duct cells)

(3) When the content of thyrotropin increases, it will inhibit the activity of pituitary cells secreting thyrotropin.

(4) Internal positive electrode and external negative electrode (or internal positive electrode potential and external negative electrode potential)

(5) Persistent excitement or inhibition

32.(6 points) (1) Organic matter (or organic matter containing C)

(2) Photosynthesis 34⑤

(3) Material circulation, energy flow and information transmission

(4) Competition and predation 875

33.(9 points) (1) Reverse transcription

(2) Restriction endonuclease (or restriction endonuclease or restriction endonuclease) DNA ligase (two spaces can be interchanged).

(3) Proliferation and differentiation

(4) cell fusion hybridoma cells

(5) Monoclonal antibody against protein A of nucleic acid sequence (or gene sequence or RNA sequence or ribonucleotide sequence) of protein A.

34.(7 points)

(1) Explore the influence of high temperature on enzyme activity (explore whether high temperature can inactivate catalase) (2 points)

(2) High temperature denatures and deactivates catalase [or high temperature completely decomposes hydrogen peroxide (before mixing with enzyme) or high temperature can denature and inactivate catalase and completely decompose hydrogen peroxide (before mixing with enzyme). The answer is reasonable to give points]

(3) Scheme ①: Catalase is denatured at high temperature.

Scheme 2: Hydrogen peroxide (before mixing with enzyme) is completely decomposed at high temperature. (Reasonable answers give points)

Scheme 3: High temperature can not only denature and inactivate catalase, but also completely decompose hydrogen peroxide (before mixing with the enzyme) (the answer is reasonable).

(4)pH (if you answer other answers, you must include pH)