Let them selectively observe things around them according to their hobbies, understand the objective world, accumulate rich appearances, and give children more opportunities to ask questions and solve problems.

When children's interests conflict with teachers' expected goals, teachers should be able to change their ideas and boldly let go, turning teachers' design lessons into construction lessons for teachers and students. For example, children observe many scenes of day and night with their eyes, forming a rich surface understanding of day and night. At this time, the topic of "understanding day and night" was constructed to guide children to think about various appearances of day and night while observing, to discover the internal connections and differences between things, to analyze and summarize, and to dig out the essential things, so as to systematize them at the conceptual level, and then to introduce children into the door of mathematics.

2. How to write the focus and reflection of day and night activities of small class math teaching plans in kindergartens?

A Case Study on Mathematics Teaching of Kindergarten Middle School Teachers —— Case Description and Reflection

1. Reflection on cases of mathematical activities: understanding trapezoid

Case background:

Before this activity, the children have mastered the essential characteristics of rectangular, square, circular, triangular, oval and other plane graphics, and made some knowledge and skills preparations for the teaching of this activity. The new curriculum standard points out that this teaching should focus on making students gradually understand the shape, size, positional relationship and transformation of simple geometric shapes and plane graphics through observation, operation and reasoning; Pay attention to the development of children's space concept by observing objects, knowing directions and designing patterns, so that children can gradually rise from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. Because the trapezoid is only a set of quadrangles with parallel opposite sides, it is the most difficult one for children to understand in plane graphics, especially the concept of trapezoid, which is abstract, because teacher Chen makes children feel the trapezoid repeatedly and gradually understand its characteristics through various effective and operable activities, thus realizing the principle of making education playful and life-oriented.

The teacher set the goal of this activity as: 1. Understand the characteristics of trapezium preliminarily, and find out trapezium correctly in various drawings without being affected by the placement position of trapezium. 2. Know different trapezoids and cultivate children's analytical judgment ability.

Case description:

(A) children choose their own graphics to stimulate interest in learning.

(1) Do you see many numbers on the table, babies? Wait a minute, choose a figure and sit on the seat.

(2) Let the children choose a graph and tell them what graph you have chosen.

Analysis: Before the children entered the classroom, Mr. Chen randomly placed many figures (including triangles, squares, rectangles and trapeziums) on the table, so that the children could take one freely. Then she asked the children to take all the same figures and paste them on the blackboard, from triangles, rectangles to squares, to consolidate the review. Finally, I found that a child's hand is trapezoidal, which leads to today's protagonist. The transition is natural.

(two) a preliminary understanding of trapezoidal, trapezoidal characteristics.

(1) What is this number? Let the children talk about the characteristics of trapezoid.

(2) Understand the right angle and isosceles trapezoid, and understand the characteristics of trapezoid.

Analysis: Teacher Chen is divided into two parts here. The first focuses on guiding children to master the characteristics of trapezoid. How many sides does a trapezoid have? Count together. What about the upper and lower sides? It is concluded that a * * * has four sides, one is long, the other is short, and the other two sides are not parallel. Here the teacher also made a parallel gesture.

On the basis of the first article, the second article guides children to know isosceles and right-angled trapezoid. When she knew the isosceles trapezoid, she folded the trapezoid in half to guide the children to find that the two sides can completely overlap and the two sides are equal in length. This trapezoid is called isosceles trapezoid. Knowing the right-angled trapezoid, I think Mr. Chen is also very creative. She first showed the right-angled trapezoid, and then asked the children to talk about what it was. Here, she guides children to use the concept of trapezoid, which has two parallel sides and four sides, and comes to the conclusion that it is trapezoid. Then take a square directly on the right angle of the right-angled trapezoid to guide children to find that an angle is a right angle and draw the conclusion that it is a right-angled trapezoid. (3) Search trapezium collectively to deepen the understanding of trapezium characteristics.

Teacher: Trapezoids can also somersault. They turn and turn and change, and they are all hidden on the robot. Let's find all the trapeziums on the robot together. If we find them, we can take them off the robot. If you find it, you can take the trapezoid off the robot.

(1) Children look for trapezium and check and analyze collectively.

(2) Let children analyze the discovered trapezoid and judge which trapezoid it belongs to.

Analysis: The design of this link is also a highlight of Teacher Chen's activities, because the game itself is an important part of children's activities. The new syllabus also requires us to organize children's activities into games to arouse children's interest. Robots are also relatively interesting for children. Teacher Chen painted robots into many figures, which gave us a bright feeling. Children like to play games and have a strong interest in activities. However, in the second step of this activity, Teacher Chen learned the right angle and isosceles trapezoid. I think that at this step, when children find right-angle and isosceles trapezoid, teachers should point out that it can deepen children's understanding of right-angle and isosceles trapezoid.

(4) Search for trapezium independently, and consolidate the understanding of trapezium characteristics.

The trapezoid has been turned over and over, changed and changed, and now it is hidden here. We rolled up the found figures for them by finding a trapezoid.

Analysis: In the past, this step of the robot was collective operation, but this link was individual operation, giving each child the opportunity to think independently, which is also an indispensable link in mathematics activities. Judging from the situation of children's homework, children can master the understanding of trapezoid, and the homework situation is better.

3. Why should children's lesson plans reflect day and night teaching?

"Day and Night" is a science class with the theme of night code. This lesson contains the knowledge of the earth's rotation and revolution, which is difficult for young children. Let me reflect on my lesson:

First, the goal has been achieved.

The goal I set for this class is 1. Understand the reasons for the formation of day and night and the transformation relationship. 2. Interested in exploring natural phenomena. I focus on understanding the reasons for the formation of day and night and the transformation relationship, but day and night are caused by the rotation and revolution of the earth, but I think this part is more difficult for children. I used a globe and a flashlight to explain it to my children, but I don't think my speech is thorough enough, and some people haven't mastered it yet. I don't think it's enough for me to say this part. We should also throw the questions to the children and let them tell how the night came in their own words. How did you come during the day? This not only enables children to master scientific knowledge, but also develops language expression ability.

Second, link design.

When preparing lessons, I designed the first part as the secret of night, the second part as the dialogue between day and night, and the third part as drawing a night. In the second part of the three links, I discuss what day and night are like and what I do. In this part, I feel that I have not done enough and the guidance is not good enough. The children's answers are all the same. It's similar to playing for a while and then going to sleep. The teacher asked each other questions in the tone of "Mr. Day" and "Miss Night". In this part, I just ask and answer questions as a teacher and a child. In fact, I can add some questions and answers between peers, which can not only enliven the atmosphere of the class, but also develop.

Three. Areas for improvement

This lesson should be to guide children to observe and judge by means of experimental demonstration, so as to arouse their enthusiasm for autonomous learning. In this part, we should spend more time for children to observe and guide them to speak for themselves, rather than the teacher talking nonsense, which is very unfavorable for children to master knowledge. Let children intuitively understand and feel the formation of day and night, and make abstract knowledge vivid. Children will soon understand this difficulty and know that day and night are formed by the rotation of the earth. Then use observation and painting operations to help children understand the different characteristics of day and night, improve children's knowledge and experience, and finally let each child achieve success and satisfaction in the exhibition and discussion. It is the flexible use of various teaching methods that children can be independent.

4. Kindergarten small class "on the farm" teaching plan

Activity objectives:

(1) Compare and distinguish day and night, and establish a preliminary concept of time.

(2) Cultivate children's ability to distinguish simple things.

(3) Rich vocabulary: day, night, lively and quiet.

Activity preparation:

(1) There is one headdress for the sun and the moon, and the headdress for the white rabbit is equal to the number of children.

(two) lively music and lullabies, multimedia courseware.

(3) Two pictures of day and night, the small picture is equal to the number of people.

Activity flow:

(A) through the introduction of conversation, the design link allows children to enter the scene.

Teacher: Little friend, today the teacher invited two good friends to visit our class. These two good friends are our closest partners. You want to know who they are? Ok, let's welcome them with warm applause.

(2) Distinguish between Sun Dad and Moon Sister.

1. Ask two teachers to play "The Sun and the Moon" respectively: Do you know who I am, children? (Juvenile: Grandpa Sun, Sister Moon)

2. Sun and Moon: I'm glad to be a guest in Class One, but we all met a difficult thing. We both want to go out to play during the day. Do you think this is okay? (Children express their opinions)

Teacher's summary: Father Sun and Sister Moon want to come out to play during the day. Some children say yes, while others say no. Let the children know when the sun and the moon will come out together.

(3) Play multimedia courseware and feel the day and night.

1. Play the courseware in the morning and listen to the cock crow.

Teacher: What do you see on the screen? Yang: There is a sun and a rooster.

Teacher: When will the sun come out? Young: dawn, morning or day.

2. Play daytime courseware and listen to lively music.

Teacher: What do you see on the screen? Teenager: children, flowers, small trees.

Teacher: What did they do when they woke up? Young; Rub your eyes, stretch and laugh.

Teacher: Let's study together. (Children learn to do)

Teacher: It's dawn during the day. What should we children do? What will people do? (Children talk)

The teacher concluded: During the day, the sun comes out and people have to do all kinds of things. It's really busy during the day.

3. Play evening courseware and lullaby.

Division; Do you know when this is? Yang: It's dark and late.

Division; how do you know Young man: The moon and stars are out.

4. Play evening courseware and lullaby.

Teacher: What should children do? What time is after the evening? (Children talk)

Teacher's summary; At night, it was dark, the moon and stars came out, every household turned on the lights, some people read books, and some people watched TV. In the dark, the children fell asleep and everything was quiet. Day and night is a natural phenomenon, just like a clock, which can tell us when to do something. After the day is the night, after the night is the day. Do you think Sister Moon can come out to play during the day? People can do whatever they can.

(D) children's hands-on operation to deepen the understanding of white night.

1, the child is a picture of day and night.

2. Let the children send pictures to Grandfather Sun or Sister Moon respectively. (glued to the blackboard)

(5) Organize children's games to expand children's knowledge.

1. Invite Grandpa Sun or Sister Moon to play games. Children can play with rabbits. As soon as Grandpa Sun comes out, rabbits will come out to pick mushrooms and feel the excitement during the day. When "Sister Moon" comes out, the little white rabbit should do the action of sleeping, so as to feel the silence of the night.

2. Children use music games and teachers guide them.

(6) The last part.

Teacher: Ah! It's dawn, white rabbits. Let's go out and play on the grass!

5. Kindergarten small class Baishi and night lesson plans

Activity goal 1, understand the meaning of day and night.

2, can correctly use the time vocabulary of day and night. 3. Develop a good habit of working and sleeping on time.

Activity preparation 1, day and night wall chart and day and night game card (see teaching aid box). 2. "Day and night" homework list (see children's homework package).

Activity flow 1. Perception 1. Show the game cards of the day, month and star in turn, and let the children say the time indicated by the logo. 2. Teacher: The sun is hanging in the sky, indicating whether it is day or night. When will the moon and stars hang in the sky? Ii. discussion 1. Discuss children's activities in kindergarten during the day, and divide the day into morning, morning, noon and afternoon.

2. Teacher: When will the children go to kindergarten? What did the children do in kindergarten? When are these things done during the day? 3. Discuss the scene of night activities first, and then show the day and night wall chart (1). Teacher: What are you doing in the dark? And finally? The lights are off. Dare you sleep in a small room alone? What do you see in the shadows? Third, it is divided into 1. Show the wall chart (2) day and night, and ask the children to observe and distinguish.

Teacher: Is it day or night in the picture? How do you know that? 2. Show the "day and night" operation list to guide children to distinguish and color. Teacher: Did the things in the following four pictures happen during the day or at night? Teacher: It happens in the daytime, and the sun is painted red. It happened in the dark and painted the moon yellow.

The teacher said the activity content, let the children answer first, so as to distinguish between day and night.

6. Why do children's popular science knowledge have early childhood education during the day and night?

Activity objectives:

1. Perceive day and night, and understand the different activities of day and night.

2. Learn children's songs and be willing to tell stories of day and night in simple language.

Activity preparation:

Pictures of the sun and the moon, materials for children to operate.

Activity flow:

First, imitate the action-what are you doing during the day?

1. Discussion: When can I see the sun? What will you do when you see the sun rise? (Show pictures of the sun)

2. Learn nursery rhymes: The sun comes out, the birds wake up, the young trees wake up, the children wake up ... It's really lively during the day.

Second, imitate the action-what are you doing at night

1. Discussion: When can I see the moon? The moon came out. What happened? (Show pictures of the moon)

2. Learn nursery rhymes: The moon came out, the grass slept, the flowers slept, and the children slept ... The night was quiet.

Kittens and mice-what are they doing during the day and at night?

Just now, we all know that during the day, we are working, and at night, we are sleeping. Do you know what kittens do during the day? What to do at night?

Fourth, operating performance-consolidate the difference between day and night

Distinguish the things on the sticker, which are daytime and which are nighttime, and stick them in the appropriate pictures respectively, and make corresponding actions to indicate the corresponding things.

7. The first volume of the small class is interesting mathematics, which distinguishes day and night.

Small class mathematics activity teaching plan

Teacher: Qin Wang Class: Kindergarten Class 4 Time: 1 1 March.

Design concept:

I chose the content of "knowing day and night", because it is one of the contents of science in the next semester of the small class, and because there are no candidates, I want to try it myself. Therefore, according to the requirements of the "Outline", I consider that the life of small class children is both learning and life. Through family education, parents can participate in class teaching activities to enrich children's life experience and sentiment. When designing the activity form, I try to avoid the tedious math activities, and take the children's life experience as the main body and the game as the main line to guide the children to distinguish between day and night. Activity content: day and night related fields: scientific field activities objectives:

1. With the help of children's life experience, guide children to know day and night.

2. Through operation and game activities, children can initially establish the time concept of day and night. 3. Improve children's expression ability and interest in participating in math activities. Key point: be able to distinguish between day and night.

Difficulty: being able to understand some characteristics of day and night;

Pre-preparation: family education-teachers and parents take photos of children's life during the day and at night respectively to prepare for teaching activities.

Material preparation: 1, one for Sister Sun and one for Sister Yue. There are several activity cards during the day and night.

Children use some sign cards during the day and at night. (Little Sun and Little Moon) 4. Teaching courseware 5. Activity process of the song "Home":

Lead children to listen to relaxed and happy songs into the classroom to relieve their emotions. First, introduce activities with story situations to stimulate children's interest in participating in activities.

1. Show pictures of Sister Sun and Sister Moon, and interact with children in vivid language. "Children, who do you think they are?"

2. "Sister Sun and Sister Moon quarreled. Did you hear why they quarreled? Can you help them? "

3. The teacher told the story Sister Sun and Sister Moon vividly. "One day, my friends were in kindergarten.

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Friends are playing games on the playground. Some of them are punching sandbags, some are patting the ball, and some are playing with the teacher. Sister Sun smiled at them and shone warmly on them. I'm so happy! Sister Moon saw it and had to come out to have a look. She crowded out Sister Sun with many little stars. It's terrible. It was dark at once, and the children couldn't see anything clearly, and some even cried with fear. Sister Sun said angrily,' You can't come out during the day, go back quickly! Sister Moon saw that the children were unhappy and hurried home. Sister Sun came out and the children began to play happily again. "

Second, combine the story to ask questions, so that children can initially perceive the difference between day and night.

1. Why did Sister Sun and Sister Moon quarrel? 2. Who should come out during the day? What can we do during the day? 3. Who should come out in the dark? What can we do at night? (Inspire children to speak freely and express their views boldly)

Third, lead children to watch life photos, and let them further perceive the characteristics of day and night through the interaction between teachers and children. Fourth, the game "Understanding Day and Night" (courseware)

1, the child is great! Then let's watch an cartoon and play a game to see who guessed right. 2. The teacher plays the courseware to explain the requirements and play methods of the game, so as to stimulate children's interest in participating. Let the children guess one by one.

4. The teacher summed it up. (Summarize children's participation; Summarize the objectives of the activity. Play a game of "look and talk" with the teacher.

1, the teacher shows pictures about day and night, and explains the name and play of the game.

The teacher scattered the picture on the ground. Let the children listen to the password and take one quickly. Take a look and tell me what is in the picture. Is it day or night? 3. Let the children talk alone.

4. Let the children send the pictures to the corresponding small baskets according to the signs of day and night. V. Expansion of activities:

1, the teacher showed small stickers day and night, and explained that these pictures should be placed in the activity area, and asked the children to choose appropriate signs to stick on them according to the contents of the pictures.

2. Let the children go home to ask or observe what mom and dad are doing all day. What else can we children do?

Sixth, the end part: listening to music naturally comes out of the classroom.

8. Why do children's lesson plans reflect day and night teaching?

North wind and sun (language, health) design background: "Who is the strongest?" This question aroused the children's interest. Through activities, children can feel the relationship between natural phenomena and people's lives. Teaching objective: 1. Actively appreciate stories and perceive some relationships between natural phenomena and people's lives. 2. Feel the fun of sports activities and develop basic movements such as walking and balance. 3. Encourage children to actively participate. Why? Second, enjoy the story of 1 chapter. The teacher said, "The sun asked Beifeng to try his skills first ... Beifeng roared for a while" and asked, "Did Beifeng take off that man's coat?" 2. The teacher said, "The sun came out of the clouds, dispersed the dark clouds blown by the north wind, and shone all its strength on that man." Question: "Did the sun take off that man's coat?" Third, fully appreciate 1. Why did the north wind lose? Why? 2. Why did the sun win? I play games with sunshine 1 We are brave little soldiers. We are not afraid of the north wind. Let's play games with sunshine. 2. Divide into five groups and encourage children to build various paths with chairs. 3. Let children try to walk on the "path" in different ways.

9. Kindergarten small class teaching plan: understand the law of day and night alternation.

Instructional design:

Introduce a new lesson: there are many geographical phenomena on the earth that are closely related to the movement of the earth. Explore the causes and laws of these geographical phenomena, so that we can understand the purpose of the earth movement. In this lesson, we will discuss the reasons and related laws of the alternation of day and night on the earth.

Teach new lessons:

First, demonstrate with a globe, and explore the explanation of the alternation of day and night and the termination line through students' paintings.

Teacher: Look at this globe. When this beam of light shines on the earth, how much area of the earth is illuminated? (1/2) At this time, half of the globe was illuminated and the other half was in the dark, and the globe appeared day and night. When the globe moves again, the points on the globe alternate day and night.

Q: Then, why does the phenomenon of day and night alternate on the earth?

A: Because the earth is neither luminous nor transparent, when the sun shines on the earth from one side, it produces the phenomenon of day and night, and when the earth rotates, it produces the alternation of day and night.

Teacher: I fixed the phenomenon of day and night at a certain moment on the earth that you just saw. This is the daytime hemisphere, this is the night hemisphere, and there is a dividing line between them. Now, let's look at the day and night distribution on the earth from the side of the earth and draw it.

Teacher: At this time, we saw that point A appeared on the boundary between the day and night hemispheres, and it was watching the sunrise at this time. When the earth rotates once, day and night will alternate at point A. So, the next moment, a? (during the day). What about point B? (same as a). Every point on the line where AB is located will enter the day at the next moment, which is called the morning line. There is still a faint line on the earth. The morning line and the faint line * * * together form a great circle passing through the center of the earth, called the terminator line, also called the morning faint circle.

Second, the characteristics of the termination line

Third, the interpretation of terminator lines.

Activity: Draw your own 2-minute solar illumination map (side view and top view).

We mainly studied the generation of the alternation of day and night and the explanation of the termination line. Everyone should learn to draw.