Addition and subtraction first appeared in the early stage of human society. In ancient times, people did not use Arabic numeral system to calculate, but used some simple methods to count and calculate. At this stage, the concepts of addition and subtraction are not clearly distinguished. People simply use the number of objects to represent addition and subtraction operations.
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With the development of human society, some ancient civilizations began to appear and used more complex mathematical systems. For example, in ancient Egypt, people used a system called "root number method" to calculate. In this system, they use a special set of symbols to represent numbers and add and subtract them.
At the same time, the concepts and methods of addition and subtraction also appeared in ancient Greece, ancient Rome and other civilizations. For example, in Euclid's Elements of Geometry, he introduced some basic addition and subtraction rules and applied them to geometric problems.
The important milestone of addition and subtraction is the emergence of Indo-Arabic numeral system. During the 6th and 7th centuries, Indian mathematicians developed a decimal-based number system, including the familiar numbers 0 to 9. Indian mathematicians use some simple symbols to represent this number system.
Arab mathematicians introduced this number system into the Arab world, and through translation and popularization, it became the basis of European mathematics. The introduction of this digital system makes addition and subtraction more convenient and efficient.
With the development of science and technology, the calculation methods of modern addition and subtraction are constantly improving. In the past, people mainly relied on manual calculators for addition and subtraction, but with the appearance of computers, addition and subtraction became more automatic and efficient.
Modern computer programs have realized high-speed and accurate addition and subtraction operations, enabling us to perform complex mathematical operations quickly. In addition, the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning also provides new technologies and methods for addition and subtraction.