Extended data:
The head is formed by using the drop of concentrated natural water flow in the hydropower station hub, and the flow of natural water flow is collected and adjusted and transported to the turbine. After the turbine and generator are jointly operated, the concentrated water energy will be converted into electric energy, which will be input into the power grid through transformers, switching stations and transmission lines.
Usually, dams are used to stop water flow and raise water level to form reservoirs, while overflow dams, spillways, drainage holes, spillway tunnels (see hydraulic tunnels) and other drainage structures are used to discharge excess floods. The diversion structure of hydropower station can adopt channels, tunnels or pressure pipes. The first structure is called intake.
The powerhouse of hydropower station is divided into main powerhouse and auxiliary powerhouse. The main workshop includes the main room for installing hydro-generator units or pumped storage units and various auxiliary equipment, as well as the assembly site for assembling and overhauling equipment. The auxiliary workshop includes the operation, control, test, management and living rooms for the operators of the hydropower station. The diversion structure guides the water flow into the turbine and flows downstream through the turbine and tailrace. When the pressure pipeline or tailrace is very long, the surge tank is usually built to reduce the surge pressure. The forebay is often built at the junction of the end of the unpressurized diversion channel and the inlet of the power generation pressure water pipe. In order to input the electric energy generated by the power plant into the power grid, it is necessary to build a step-up switching station.
References:
Baidu Hydropower Station Encyclopedia