Junior high school is a period in which students' world outlook is gradually formed. Putting moral education in the first place is the basic starting point of school education. School moral education is a whole composed of various moral education activities organized by the school and moral education activities of various disciplines, and each discipline is responsible for the moral education task formed by its own characteristics. The new physics curriculum standard clearly points out that we should pay attention to improving all students' scientific literacy and cultivating students' emotional attitude and values. It is necessary to cultivate students' interest in learning physics and attach importance to the education of scientific attitudes and methods; Encourage students to think independently and innovate; Carry out dialectical materialism education and patriotism education in combination with physics teaching and so on.
Through classroom infiltration, the content of moral education gradually enters students' minds and nourishes their hearts. Infiltration is to truly unify knowledge and ideas and achieve harmony. In addition to classroom infiltration, teachers also need to do extracurricular activities with certain strength. Moral education in extracurricular activities mainly depends on edification and infection to achieve the purpose of educating people. It is feasible to infiltrate moral education into physics teaching, with various contents and forms. Specifically, it can be divided into the following aspects:
First, the infiltration of patriotism education in classroom teaching
Patriotism education in physics classroom teaching is mainly based on the history of physics and the achievements of physics since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Patriotism education can introduce the history of physics development in China to students through classroom teaching, exercises, experiments and extracurricular activities, and penetrate into physics teaching by using various media means such as pictures, slides, movies and the Internet. The specific method can be as follows: 1. Introduce the achievements of China ancient physics and the deeds of scientists, and enhance students' national pride.
Junior high school students are new to physics. It is found that most laws and physical units in textbooks are named after foreigners, which is easy to produce national inferiority complex. In view of this situation, I will consciously introduce China's outstanding contributions in physics to students in combination with classroom teaching. Speaking of acoustics, I'll say the echo wall of the Temple of Heaven in the Forbidden City. Speaking of optics, I will say that our country has expounded the linear propagation of light in the Mohist Scripture written by Mozi more than two thousand years ago. Speaking of leverage, I will tell you that as early as 3,000 years ago, our ancestors used the leverage principle to make pouches for pounding grain, orange sticks for pumping water from wells, and scales and pestles that are still widely used in modern society. When studying electromagnetic phenomena, introduce the compass, one of the four great inventions of China, to students. As early as the Warring States Period in 2265438 BC, there were records of "magnets calling iron" in books such as Lv Chunqiu, Guiguzi and Huainanzi. In 1086 "Meng Qian Bi Tan", Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, described in detail the method of making a compass manually, and clearly pointed out the magnetic declination for the first time. When talking about the composition of matter, introduce to students that our ancestors began to explore the essence of matter very early and put forward theories such as "five elements", "vitality" and "atomism". In this way, students can realize that China's ancient science and technology level is world-class, and enhance national pride and self-confidence. Why did modern physics in China fall behind? Just because long-term feudal rule suppressed the development of productive forces, feudal autocratic thought imprisoned people's thoughts, and feudal education stifled talents. Let students know the current situation of science and technology in China and the reasons for its backwardness, and know the national conditions of China realistically, which can greatly stimulate students' sense of responsibility to work hard and revitalize China. 2. Introduce the great achievements of physics research in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and enhance students' self-confidence.
Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), China has made great achievements in physics, some of which are in the forefront of the world. For example, in the field of nuclear physics research, the explosion of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, in the field of aerospace, artificial satellites have entered space, Shenzhou series manned spacecraft have been successfully launched and recovered, and superconducting technology research is in the leading position in the world. Examples in real life that are closely related to students have a more obvious educational effect on students. Organize students to set up physics interest groups to collect scientific and technological information from libraries and online, so that students can keep abreast of China's scientific and technological achievements. 3. Introduce the story that scientists love the motherland and encourage students to study for the construction of the motherland.
After the completion of the teaching tasks in each class, I consciously tell students the stories of scientists such as Qian Xuesen and Li Siguang: when New China was just founded, they resolutely gave up the generous living conditions abroad, broke through many obstacles and returned to the embrace of the motherland, making indelible contributions to the scientific and technological development of New China. I also told students stories about Zhan Tianyou, an engineering expert, and Mao Yisheng, a bridge expert. Let students understand that scientists should not only have rich scientific knowledge, but also have full patriotic enthusiasm. This not only enlivens the classroom atmosphere, improves the interest in learning, but also unconsciously injects the idea of loving the motherland into students' hearts, which plays a role of "moistening things and being silent".
Second, use the deeds and aphorisms of Chinese and foreign physicists to educate students' outlook on life and values in class.
When teaching Newton's first law of motion, students can be introduced to Newton's famous saying, "I am like a child playing by the sea, and occasionally I find a beautiful shell." If I see farther than others, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants. "Through this famous saying, educate students to be modest and prudent in their studies, and be neither arrogant nor impetuous. When teaching Joule's Law, the perseverance of experimental physicists is introduced. He taught himself, and after more than 30 years' efforts, he did more than 400 experiments under extremely difficult conditions, which laid the foundation for the transformation of energy and the establishment of conservation laws. The story of Ampere and Oster's persistent persistence in experiments; There are also two founding fathers of our country, Deng Jiaxian and Qian Xuesen, who broke through many obstacles and resolutely gave up the superior life and rich conditions abroad and returned to China with full patriotic enthusiasm and ambition to serve the country; Wang, a scientific giant, bid farewell to Beijing, where life is comfortable, and went to the inaccessible northwest plateau for more than ten years for the nuclear cause of the motherland. Physicists' attitude of seeking truth from facts, indomitable will, the spirit of assiduous study and exploration, and the virtue of seeking nothing in return are all good teaching materials for educating students. Through this example, let students understand the hardships of scientific inquiry, and realize that learning science requires perseverance, studying hard, and cultivating students' scientific attitude. Dedication to science is dedication without asking for anything in return.
Third, combine theory with law to educate students on Marxist philosophy-dialectical materialism.
In the process of physics teaching, we should pay attention to starting from objective facts, taking experiments as the basis, and combining relevant concepts and laws to cultivate students' dialectical materialist views. Teachers should give examples of physical phenomena that happen around students, grasp the essential relationship of things, correctly analyze physical phenomena and physical processes, and enable students to gradually establish a correct outlook on life and world. For example, Newton's first law of motion, Archimedes' principle, the law of light reflection, Ohm's law and the law of conservation of energy transformation in junior high school physics textbooks all reflect the materialistic view that knowledge comes from practice. These conclusions are summarized by many scientists after repeated practice, understanding, practice and understanding. Teachers should pay attention to standardized operation, true record and objective analysis when conducting demonstration experiments in class, and must never resort to deceit. In order to cultivate students' rigorous scientific attitude and realistic style.
Fourthly, the cultivation of students' exploration spirit and personality should be infiltrated in experimental teaching.
Physics is a natural science based on experiments. The operation of experiments and the observation of phenomena can cultivate students' scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and establish the concept that practice is the basis of testing truth. Teachers' demonstration experiments can cultivate students' observation ability, and students' experiments can cultivate students' hands-on operation ability. If the experiment is carried out in groups, the spirit of cooperation between students and others can be cultivated, and the exchange of experimental results can strengthen the cultivation of students' self-confidence and modesty. Educate students to cultivate the virtues of seeking truth from facts and respecting facts when dealing with experimental data. Change some verification experiments into exploratory experiments, so that students can carry out inquiry learning. Through this learning method, students' learning attitude is more positive, which can also promote their positive thinking and gradually form their innovative consciousness of continuous exploration.
5. Infiltrate the spirit of unity and cooperation in physics teaching and experience the fun of cooperation.
With the cooperation and help of many scientists, physics has made many great achievements. For example, Faraday is good at experimental research, and Maxwell is good at theoretical generalization. On the basis of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, Maxwell established Maxwell's equations by using mathematical knowledge, which laid the foundation of electromagnetic field theory. Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao worked together and finally discovered the law of parity conservation. In physics teaching, these typical examples are used to properly educate students' spirit of unity and cooperation, and to educate students to learn to get along with others and help each other.
To sum up, it is not difficult to see that moral education in physics teaching is an important part of students' moral education. Because of the characteristics of physics course, it is impossible to carry out moral education directly in physics teaching, but more can only be infiltrated and imperceptibly influenced, so that students can receive education while receiving knowledge. As long as ideological, informative and interesting are organically combined in teaching, instead of mechanically applying them far-fetched and violating the teaching rules, it will certainly have a good influence on students, because implicit drip infiltration is often more attractive to students than explicit positive indoctrination. Teaching practice has repeatedly proved that a teacher's words can often impress students and benefit them for life.