Example (National Volume 2, 2006) Please select and integrate the main meanings in the following text and write the definition of "magic". The language should be concise and clear, no more than 50 words. (5 points)
Magic, an acrobatic program, makes objects change wonderfully or appear or disappear in front of the audience with agile techniques and means that are not easily perceived by the audience. It's really hard to predict. This kind of performance often makes all kinds of objects, animals, fire, water and so on. With the help of physical and chemical principles or a special device, it increases or decreases rapidly, which makes the audience dizzying and produces a fantastic and mysterious feeling. Magic is widely loved by people.
This question clearly points out that it is a definition of "magic". According to the materials, the upper concept of "magic" should be "acrobatics", and the basic connotation of the concept should include: ① relying on physical and chemical principles or special devices; (2) The table depends on agile techniques and means that are not easily perceived by the audience; ③ Expressiveness: making objects appear or disappear; (4) Show the results: produce wonderful changes; ⑤ Quantification: Although it does not appear in the material, the word "one kind" does exist in the process of expression.
According to the above analysis and comprehensive information, the answer to this question should be: magic is acrobatics that makes objects appear, disappear or produce wonderful changes with the help of physical and chemical principles or special devices.
This is the problem of "definition" compression in college entrance examination Chinese application questions.
Definition compression questions are one of the main types of compression questions in college entrance examination. In 2006, three sets of test papers gave questions to inspect this test center. Although it appeared after 2007, it is of great value to students' ability to screen and integrate information, so it is very likely to be tested in the future. Below, the author talks about this kind of examination skills from the perspective of problem-solving strategies.
First, the strategy to solve the problem
Answering such questions should generally start from the following three aspects:
1. Logically speaking, the logical form of the answers to these questions is generally: defined concept = species difference+genus concept;
2. Grammatically speaking, the syntactic form of the answers to these questions is generally "yes" sentences;
3. From the perspective of answering questions, the first step to answer such questions is to find out the concept of the defined concept, then find out the content of the difference, and finally combine these information into one sentence according to the arrangement of multi-layer attributes.
Second, demonstration drills
Let's take two definitions in 2006 as examples to practice the operation and use of the above three techniques.
Example 1 extract the main points from the following materials and integrate them into one sentence to explain the "Dragon Boat Festival". (No more than 35 words) (4 points) (Hubei Volume)
Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional folk festival in China, also known as Duanyang Festival.
Dragon Boat Festival is held on the fifth day of May every year.
There are different opinions about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, but most people think that it originated from Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of Chu during the Warring States Period.
People usually hold dragon boat races on the Dragon Boat Festival. This year, Hubei held a dragon boat race, and teams from Hong Kong and Macao also participated.
People in southern provinces usually eat zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival, which is a kind of food with sticky rice wrapped in bamboo leaves.
The essence of this question is to define the Dragon Boat Festival. The concept of definition is "Dragon Boat Festival". According to the materials given, the concept of "Dragon Boat Festival" is a "folk traditional festival", and the contents of species differences are as follows: ① the word indicating genus: China; 2 phrases indicating time: the fifth day of May in the summer calendar; (3) Dining table phrases: eating zongzi and racing dragon boats; ④ Verb phrase: in memory of Qu Yuan; ⑤ Quantitative phrase: 1.
According to the logical form, syntactic form and the arrangement of multiple attributives mentioned above, the answer to this question is: Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional folk festival in China to commemorate Qu Yuan by eating zongzi and racing dragon boats on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Please define "meteor shower" according to the following statement. (3 points) (Liaoning Volume)
Requirements: it must be a single sentence with reasonable word order, and the information in the sentence (words can be added or deleted) cannot be lost.
(1) Meteor shower is a natural phenomenon when a group of meteors meet the earth.
② The reason why meteor showers shine is that they are rubbed by the atmosphere.
(3) The light from a meteor shower is like a little fireworks.
Meteor showers are like rain.
This question clearly requires a definition of "meteor shower". Judging from the materials given, the concept of "meteor shower" should be a "natural phenomenon", and the contents of species differences are as follows: ① genus: when the meteor group meets the earth; (2) Indicative: influenced by atmospheric friction; (3) Indicative: it glows like fireworks from a point; (4) Indicative: it rains; ⑤ Indicative: one kind.
According to the above rules, the answer should be: meteor shower is a natural phenomenon that a group of meteors shine like fireworks because of atmospheric friction when they meet the earth, and then it rains.
Third, simulation exercises.
1, according to the following text, give the definition of "knowledge economy" (within 40 words).
In the previous economy, traditional industries were the mainstay of industries, and scarce natural resources were the main support. "Knowledge economy" takes high-tech industry as the primary industry pillar and intellectual resources as the first support. Therefore, "knowledge economy" is a sustainable economy and a new economy.
Knowledge economy is:
2. The financial turmoil in Southeast Asia was caused by the impact of hedge funds manipulated by Soros. According to the following paragraphs, the definition of "hedge fund" is given.
There are many investment funds in the United States, all of which are regulated by the Investment Company Law. Other investment funds that are not registered as investment funds are usually called private equity funds. Because there is no strict restriction by relevant laws and regulations, there is a large space for choosing investment tools and methods. In order to obtain higher returns, high-risk investment strategies are often adopted. These funds are called "hedge funds".
Hedge funds are:
3. Extract the main points of the following materials and integrate them into one sentence to define "Global Positioning System".
(1) The global positioning system consists of navigation satellites, ground stations and user positioning equipment.
(2) It can locate and tell time for users anywhere on the earth through navigation satellites.
(3) GPS is mostly used in military and other fields.
The global positioning system is:
4. According to the following text, give an appropriate definition of "mathematical language". (within 30 words)
Language communication technology and computer are powerful ties that closely link two completely different disciplines, mathematics and linguistics. The former realizes the long-distance transmission and conversion of language symbols, while the latter uses digital fast operation to deal with non-digital symbols-language. Since the 20th century, the development of science and changing requirements have expanded the fields of mathematics and linguistics. They all extend to the symbol system as the main research object, so they find the same boundary and penetrate each other, so a new marginal science-mathematical linguistics is born.
Mathematical linguistics is:
5. Extract the main points from the following materials and integrate them into one sentence to explain "genetically modified cotton".
A company launched a brand-new product-transgenic cotton, referred to as Bt cotton. Bt is a gene existing in Bacillus thuringiensis, and protein synthesized by this gene has the ability to kill some caterpillars. Scientists have isolated this gene from this bacterium and implanted it into cotton seeds, making cotton have the performance of resisting natural enemy tobacco moth larvae. The emergence of this new type of transgenic cotton has fundamentally eliminated the disadvantages of traditional spraying pesticides to make pests resistant, thus making it possible to increase cotton production on a large scale.
Transgenic cotton is:
Attachment: Reference answer
1. Knowledge economy is a new sustainable economy with high-tech industry as the first pillar and intellectual resources as the main support.
2. Hedge funds are private funds that are not registered as investment funds and are not strictly restricted by relevant laws and regulations. Therefore, in order to obtain higher returns, high-risk investment strategies are often adopted.
3. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a system consisting of navigation satellites, ground stations and user positioning equipment, which can locate and tell time for users anywhere on the earth through navigation satellites.
4. Mathematical linguistics is a new subject which uses language communication technology and computer to realize the long-distance transmission and conversion of language symbols, and uses digital fast operation to deal with non-digital symbols-language.
5. Transgenic cotton is a new type of cotton, which contains protein synthesized by Bt gene and can kill pests.