Counting by objects refers to pointing at objects one by one with your hand, and speaking numbers one by one in sequence at the same time, so that each number spoken corresponds to the object pointed by your hand.
The process of counting according to objects is quite complicated for children. To count correctly, children must remember the exact numerical order, be able to coordinate hands, eyes, language and memory, and follow many basic counting principles.
Principle:
1. Ordering principle, that is, the order of numerals used to count different units of objects remains unchanged, which is determined by the specific order and law of the numeral system itself. The order of these toys is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; The order of counting children is also 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
2. One-to-one correspondence principle, that is, the items in the collection can only be counted once.
3. The principle of order independence, that is, the total number of sets has nothing to do with the order of objects in this set. There are always several children. Boys count first, girls count first, it doesn't matter who starts counting.
4. Cardinality principle, that is, it can be understood that the number when counting to the last object represents the total number of sets. Such as toys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, counting to 5, 5 is the total number of toys.
For example, in the counting activities of daily life, it is found that some children do not master the principle of one-to-one correspondence, often repeat counting, or start singing without counting items. When the teacher instructs, demonstrate to say a number with your finger and let the children imitate it like this. This also shows that the practice of counting is not enough.
Cultivate children's ability to count things, try to start from their life experience, let children operate or play games, and let children gradually learn, understand and use counting things in operation and study.