If it was not tyranny, why did the Qin Dynasty perish? Before answering this question, let's review the history. More than one family died like Qin Ershi! It's similar to the Sui Dynasty, but it seems to last longer!
So, what are the similarities between the Qin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty? Are these similarities an inevitable factor in II's death? First of all, before these two dynasties, China was divided for a long time! Secondly, both dynasties carried out unprecedented big projects, one was to build the Great Wall of Wan Li, and the other was to dig the Grand Canal! Historically, the two major projects are good for the present and the future! However, it was strongly opposed at that time, which eventually led to an uprising and subversion of rule.
Obviously it is a good thing, why should the people object? The reason is the long split state ahead! In a divided state, wars often occur and people are in dire straits. From the heart, they naturally expect reunification and enjoy a peaceful life! After the reunification with North Korea, the Qin Dynasty did not meet the people's expectations, but increased the burden on the people! Naturally, the people's resistance was aroused. In addition, with the recent reunification, although many regimes have been eliminated, the residual forces are still waiting for the opportunity! When the two forces merge, the dynasty will naturally collapse!
Similar situations have been staged more than once in the history of China, and history sometimes goes on like this! In a sense, the Republic of China also died the next year! When it comes to history, Qin was followed by Han, followed by Tang. Have careful friends found any rules? That's right! Behind the death of II, there are powerful dynasties! So you know, we should all be thankful to be born in the rising China! During the decline of China, people's sufferings could not be understood, but they could be felt by reading history books! Better be a peaceful dog than a troubled person! How to express a word "miserable"?
Introduction A large part of the problem about the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty lies in the imagination and malicious smearing of the Qin Dynasty by later generations. It is one thing for a dynasty to survive, and it is more important to know how to run the country well. Obviously, before reunification, Qin was in a state of war. After reunification, it did not switch back to normal, so the country collapsed shortly after Qin Shihuang's death. This is the fundamental problem.
The question of what the Qin dynasty unified the world was actually very easy to answer.
1. My ancestors had merits. The residual strength of the six points means that Qin completed the great cause of reunification by relying on a strong background.
This is closely related to the reunification of Qin Shihuang in 17. In addition, none of these ancestors of Qin was incompetent, which also ensured the prosperity of the country from 65438 to 020 after Shang Yang's political reform, which was also luck.
2. The system is active. From the institutional point of view, the state of Qin is a situation of strong public office and weak medical care. All the land occupied is owned by the government, and the Qing medicine is rewarded by the military. A military group that has gradually formed a military service system. Qin unified the world, relying on favorable government and military stimulus policies. When these two points are unified, the problem arises. It's just that time is too short to see the country perish.
3. The personal charm of Qin Shihuang. Needless to say, Qin Shihuang's personal charm is to complete the great cause of reunification, so many civil servants and military commanders get together without making trouble is the greatest skill. And after death, you will soon look at it the other way around. These charismatic heroes are bound to rebel if they don't have a good political outlet.
The question of tyranny, and finally, the question of tyranny. In fact, the most criticized thing in the Qin Dynasty was tyranny. This is determined by the military system of Qin State. In order to fight, we can only completely squeeze resources from the inside and autocratic military needs. But once the world is unified, the necessity of war disappears. But squeezing has become a natural thinking. So what should we do? So we must use it to build palaces, canals and the Great Wall for consumption. This is a political inertia. There may still be a chance to change Fu Su's position. Hu Hai is behind Zhao Gao and others. They know so much there, as long as they keep squeezing, the result will soon collapse.
The reason why Qin died of tyranny was rather the failure of state governance, which also taught many lessons to the later Han Dynasty. This is why we should recuperate after the war, cultivate people's strength and lay the foundation for the country to start again.
In a word, Qin's first unified practice was successful militarily, but failed in national governance. This is the real historical lesson. This is the real theory of Qin Dynasty.
The Qin Dynasty was the first feudal dynasty in China, and its predecessor was the State of Qin.
Speaking of the State of Qin, the ancestors of the State of Qin originally only helped Zhou Tianzi raise horses. Because of his good horses, he was rewarded by the Zhou emperor and became a vassal state of the Zhou emperor.
Note that this is only a vassal state, not a vassal state, and its status is very low.
It was not until the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty that his drought-striken fields moved eastward, and Qin Xianggong, the state of Qin, officially became a vassal because he had been actively escorting Zhou Pingwang.
However, this so-called vassal is actually just a title, because the fief given to Qin is a piece of land that has been occupied by Rong Di. Zhou Pingwang couldn't get it back himself, so he gave it to the State of Qin and made a concession gesture.
It was in such a difficult environment that the State of Qin rose.
Then some people may ask: Qin is so weak, how can it grow into a giant that dominates the world?
This involves one person, that is, Shang Yang.
It was through Shang Yang's political reform that Qin overtook the curve, eventually destroying the six countries and unifying the world.
However, success is also the law of Shang Yang, and failure is also the law of Shang Yang.
As we all know, after Qin destroyed six countries, only II was destroyed.
There are different opinions about the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty. Some people think that Zhao Gao and Reese are too bad, while others say that Fu Su is too weak.
The most popular and recognized reason for communication is tyranny. I believe many people have heard that Qin died of tyranny.
In fact, there are many grounds for this statement. Take two key figures in the late Qin Dynasty as an example.
Bobby Chen. Guangwu Uprising, Chen Sheng, fired the first shot against Qin. This shot has a great influence. According to historical records, Chen Sheng and others delayed the construction period and the Qin law was harsh. Whether anti-Qin or not, life is worse than death, which is why we chose the uprising.
But there is also a saying that according to the Qin law at that time, the consequences of Chen Sheng were not so serious, and Chen Sheng did it entirely out of his own ambition.
The other is Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu.
I don't think Liu Bang's name needs to be introduced. The founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, the nominal founder of the Han people, is of great significance.
Liu Bang Uprising and Chen Sheng Uprising are roughly the same, because they delayed the construction period and had to be reversed.
In fact, these two examples have already explained some problems: Is the real reason for the uprisings of Chen Sheng and Liu Bang due to the harshness of Qin Law? However, judging from the fact that the excuses for their uprisings are all the harshness of Qin Law, Qin Law is really harsh, so as to arouse everyone's * * * to find reasons for their own uprisings.
This also shows from the side that Qin law is really harsh.
Get down to business. Since the Qin law is so strict, why didn't the ancestors of Qin State, even the brilliant Qin Shihuang, start to solve this problem?
Qin method is the best way to choose Shang Yang in the Warring States period, and it is very applicable in the Warring States period. Shang Yang's method can be summarized in two words: plowing.
Either farming or being a soldier, put all the limited resources of the country into these two things, and infinitely weaken or even cancel other things, which is the core of Shang Yang's law.
This practice can indeed effectively unite various forces during the Warring States period, thus achieving the goal of defeating the enemy. And there are no hidden dangers, because as long as you win, you can plunder a lot of resources from the enemy.
However, we should understand a truth: expertise can play an effective role in specific occasions, but it is not appropriate in most cases.
Like studying. In our study courses from childhood to adulthood, there are many subjects, such as English, Chinese, mathematics, physics and so on.
One day, in order to cope with an English competition, you need to spend a lot of time, or even all the time, learning English, just to get a good ranking in the English competition.
But everyone who has participated in the competition should know that such a competition consumes energy and time.
Although the teacher will emphasize keeping up with other courses in the competition, it will have an impact to some extent. The competition of Qin State lasted for hundreds of years.
Hundreds of years of competition have made Qin's advantages obvious, but its disadvantages are also obvious.
In the end, Qin won the championship in the English competition, but when the college entrance examination came, Qin found it difficult to support one tree and finally failed.
So after Qin Shihuang established the Qin Dynasty, he never thought about solving this problem?
Maybe, maybe not, it doesn't matter.
Because the Qin Dynasty, as the first feudal dynasty, had too many things to consider. Establish centralization, abolish the enfeoffment system, prevent the remnants of six countries, unify the languages of all countries, and so on.
These are time-consuming and laborious, and it takes time to perfect them. It took Qin Shihuang more than ten years from the establishment of the Qin Dynasty to his death, not to mention that Qin Shihuang was an old legalist.
Even if Qin Shihuang is aware of this problem, I'm afraid the priority will not be very high.
After all, the Qin dynasty still has a large number of troops, which can make Qin Shihuang delay this matter for a long time.
The only thing Qin Shihuang didn't expect was that Zhao Gao usurped the throne.
Strictly administering the army is easy; Rule the people with strictness.
Qin unified the world entirely by legalists. It can be said that the legalists headed by Shang Yang and Li Si laid the foundation for the prosperity of Qin State and the unification of the world. However, the rise and fall of the Qin dynasty and the short-lived demise after reunification were largely caused by the conflict between the legalist idea of governing the country and reality.
From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, the way to deal with the world's problems is still inseparable from the etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty. Even if the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period are strong enough to replace the Zhou royal family, they should be under the banner of "respecting the king and messing with the ocean", because respecting the king represents respect for etiquette. Except the Chu people who did not obey the Zhou royal family, almost all the princes respected the ceremony and governed the vassal state by it. The collapse of the ceremony was regarded as a great destruction of the world rules and regulations at that time. As a vassal of the West, Qin took advantage when the Zhou royal family moved eastward, but it was correct to take sides in history. However, after the fierce fighting, the strength of Qin was damaged and the road to the Central Plains was blocked. As the most powerful vassal in the west at that time, Qin naturally could not stand the situation that he could not participate in the world competition. The king of Qin hoped to change this situation, and the legalist Shang Yang appeared in due course.
The monarch of Shang Yang's political reform was, and Xiao Gong's political reform was because Qin was already weak and Hexi was occupied by rising star Wei, so political reform became an inevitable choice for Qin's survival. As a representative figure of Legalism, Shang Yang was appreciated by Qin Xiaogong and began to organize the reform of the Qin Dynasty. Political reform is actually a kind of reform, and this kind of reform is a challenge to the old nobles who have been used to the Qin system for hundreds of years. Therefore, Qin nobles headed by Qin Shihuang became opponents of the political reform, while Qin Xiaogong firmly supported it. Because the political reform remains unchanged, Qin may be annexed by the six Shandong countries.
Many people say that Shang Yang's political reform is a cruel law of the old vassal state. In fact, Qin law is not so cruel, but Shang Yang and others' thought of political reform is based on opposing the ritual system, which is in great conflict with the mainstream of society at that time. This contradiction has been very serious in Qin State, but Qin Xiaogong, the supreme ruler of Qin State, supported the political reform and ensured its realization. After Qin Xiaogong's death, Shang Yang and related personnel involved in the political reform were punished, and Shang Yang was also uncovered. However, the political reform brought something tangible to the state of Qin: strength. After the reunification of Qin, the political reform remained and continued to the unified dynasty.
Because of the political reform, and in the face of resistance at that time, a relatively tough approach was taken. This resilience was preserved with the unification of the Qin Dynasty and the good governance of the world. Because Qin needs to spread its idea of governing the country from the west to all parts of the country, it needs to make the six Shandong countries completely surrender and retain a certain degree of legal majesty and coercion. At this time, the nobles of the six countries actually had contradictions with the Qin Dynasty. When Qin Shihuang was in power, relying on the prestige of unifying the world, he dared not have the idea of bold resistance. Only Sean hired a Hercules to assassinate Qin Shihuang. If Qin Shihuang did not die in the parade, but died in Xianyang normally, and the heir ascended the throne normally, there should be no accident so soon. However, the problem lies in the Qin Dynasty. Qin Shihuang didn't have a queen or a prince, which makes the issue of heirs in doubt, and whether Hu Hai is the first choice for Qin Shihuang is still controversial. Some people say no, because the older Fu Su is more suitable to be an emperor, but why Qin Shihuang asked Fu Su to build the Great Wall while traveling with his youngest son, Hu Hai, doesn't make sense. There are also cases in which Qin Shihuang, who pursued the art of immortality, thought that he would not die, so there was no heir.
The conflict between Qin Law and Zhou Li evolved into the conflict between the Qin Dynasty and the nobles of six countries, but it was the little-known Chen She Guangwu who lit the fire of the conflict. It seems to have been delayed, which is related to the harshness of Qin law. In fact, Chen She's Guangwu is suspected of a premeditated uprising, which is completely organized. After the uprising appeared, it received responses from all sides, including Xiang Liang, Liu Bang and others, and formed a powerful force to overthrow the Qin Dynasty. In this process, although many people came from common people, such as Liu Bang, the nobles of the six countries also played an important role, such as Xiang Liang and Sun. Because of the conflict of interests, they are most firmly opposed to Qin. In the process of attacking Guanzhong and taking Xianyang, Liu Bang was more interested in winning people's hearts and taking Xianyang with "ingenuity", while Xiang Yu, as a noble of the six countries, did not hesitate to burn his bridges, giving people the impression that he hated Qin, was more determined and hated Qin more.
After hundreds of years of enfeoffment management, it is not easy to unify the scattered vassal States, so later generations praised Qin Shihuang, and at the same time, the uprising broke out at the end of Qin Dynasty, which broke the old order to some extent. There is no jurisprudence, no continuation, and it can only be blamed on tyranny. In fact, the greater reason for the demise of the State of Qin is that the laws of the State of Qin were implemented too quickly in six countries, which was a bit acclimatized.
Before the Qin Dynasty, there was never a unified feudal dynasty in China. As a pioneer, there is no other experience to learn from, and we can only follow our own original success model. The death of Erqin provided valuable experience and lessons for the Han Dynasty, and the emergence of "the rule of cultural scene" laid the foundation for the Hanwu merit of "the confluence of Confucianism and France"!
The so-called "tyranny", in the eyes of Qin people, has long been accustomed to it, and even the laws he created by himself can not escape. Moreover, the main social contradiction at that time was the hegemony of the seven countries and the union of Lian Heng, so it was easier for the Qin people to organize themselves and share the same enemy. However, after Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and unified the world and established the Qin Dynasty, the main social contradiction became the contradiction between the revival movement of the six countries' separatist regime and the Qin Dynasty's assimilation of the whole country. So resistance and repression broke out one after another, and the name of "violent Qin" was more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people!
Do you believe what the later Confucianists said? The most untrustworthy words are Confucian hypocrites.
Qin Shihuang unified the world, but unfortunately there was only one first emperor.
As the first unified feudal dynasty in the history of China, the Qin Dynasty destroyed six countries and unified Kyushu, but its national strength was not strong. Such a powerful country perished in a short time.
The main reason why the Qin Dynasty was able to unify the six countries was that Shang Yang practiced legalism during the political reform. Legalist thought advocates "doing things according to law". On this basis, the Qin Dynasty formed a complete system and strategy of governing the country.
First of all, advocating reform and opposing conservative thoughts are the basis for the smooth implementation of Shang Yang's political reform and the overthrow of Zhou Dynasty's rule. Second, pay attention to farming and war. At that time, people thought that agriculture and war were the foundation of Qiang Bing, a rich country. Then there is severe punishment. Han Feizi believes that clear rewards and punishments and strict criminal law can guide people not to break the law and maintain social stability. Finally, he advocated centralization and opposed the enfeoffment system of the Zhou Dynasty.
This series of measures did make Qin powerful and unified the six countries in the separatist war, but with the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, this idea is no longer suitable for the peaceful construction after the reunification of the six countries. This is equivalent to our wartime, military control and unified deployment of materials, which can greatly improve the efficiency and maximize the efficiency of mobilizing people's needs. However, military control will be adopted during the construction period, which will dampen people's enthusiasm, bind people's thinking and seriously hinder economic development.
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he added more stringent laws such as the Deception Order to the already strict Qin law. Under this social condition, the people did not see the hope of a happy life, but only saw the tax increase and the death of their loved ones caused by building the Great Wall and fighting against the Huns. In this case, social contradictions naturally intensify, and this political form that only pays attention to punishment and ignores rewards eventually leads to the rise of farmers.
After the reunification of the country, the rulers did not realize the cultural differences of the six countries in the early stage. Countries originally adopted different social management methods and rudely adopted the harsh laws of the original legalists in Qin Dynasty to force the other six countries to accept the current legal system and social thought of Qin State. In this way, the resistance of the six peoples was formed.
It's just that this legalist thought has become an anachronistic ruling thought. The times are constantly changing, so is the ruling ideology. Only in this way can it meet the interests of national development. However, in Qin Shihuang and Qin Ershi's era, they just adhered to the "rule of law" and did not know how to be flexible, which led to the extreme intensification of social contradictions at the end of Qin Dynasty. In fact, this is also the inevitable way to continue to implement the Legalist thought of governing the country after Qin unified the country.
Qin destroyed the six countries to unify the country in order to plunder and occupy everything in the world, including the people, for Ying Zheng's self-interest, and tyranny was also for personal self-interest. Everything is because Ying Zheng has excessive selfish desires, so he certainly can't see it.