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Li Yu chronology

In the second year of Tianfu in the late Jin Dynasty, in the first year of Shengyuan in the Southern Tang Dynasty (AD 937), 1 year old was born in Li Yusheng on July 7th.

In the first year of Xiande in the late Zhou Dynasty, in the 12th year of Baoda in the Southern Tang Dynasty (AD 954), she was 18 years old and married E Huang.

Zhou Xiande was twenty-two years old in the first year of Zhongxing in the Southern Tang Dynasty (AD 958), and his eldest son was Zhong Yusheng.

Zhou Xiande was twenty-three years old in the sixth year (AD 959). In September, when the prince died, Li Yu moved from the king of Zheng to the king of Wu.

In the second year of the Stegosaurus in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 96 1 year), he was 25 years old. In February, he was made a prince. In July, he was placed in Jinling. After commemorating his mother Zhong Shi, he made E Huang queen. He was put on the throne of Song. His second son, Zhong Xuan, was born in this year.

In the third year of the Stegosaurus in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 962), I was 26 years old. In March, I sent envoys to pay tribute to the Song Dynasty. In June, I sent envoys to pay tribute to the Song Dynasty. In November, I sent envoys to pay tribute to the Song Dynasty.

In the first year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 963), I was 27 years old. March, sent to Jingnan, Song Ping, November, transferred to the Yuan Dynasty.

In the second year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 964), I was 28 years old and began to cast iron money in March. Eleven, the second son Zhong Xuan died. 1 1 month, Queen E Huang died, written in her own handwriting.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was 29 years old. In the first month, Zhao Hui was buried in Yiling. In April, Shu destroyed the Song Dynasty. In September, Zhong died after his mother's honor.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, at the age of 30, he was ordered by Zhao Kuangyin to take charge of the Southern Han Dynasty, but failed to do so. In the early Song Dynasty, he decided to attack Nanhan.

In the first year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 968), I was 32 years old and hungry in the Southern Tang Dynasty. In June, he sent his younger brother from Qian to Song to pay tribute. 1 1 month, he married Zhou Xiao and became the queen.

In the second year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 969), at the age of 33, he killed Qinglong Mountain and imprisoned monks and nuns in Dali Temple and Purdue County.

At the age of 35, he sent his younger brother from Qian to the Song Dynasty in the fourth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (97 1 year), and his tribute was several times as much as before. In October, I sent my brother from good to song. In the above table, he was invited to go to Nantang, and he was renamed Jiangnan, calling himself the king of Jiangnan.

In the fifth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 972), I was 36 years old. In the first month, he derogated from the ritual system and changed to religion. Wearing a purple robe, he saw Song. In February, Song remained in a good position and served as our time for the Taining Army. He built a Lixian Pavilion in the capital of song dynasty, waiting for Li Yu to surrender.

In the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 973), I was 37 years old. I am willing to be ordered by Song Jue, but Song is not allowed to kill the famous Lin.

In the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 974), I was 38 years old. He went to the Song Dynasty to seek goodness and returned to China, which was not allowed by the Song Dynasty. He sent a letter to Li Yu to enter the DPRK, but failed, so he attacked Nantang.

In the eighth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 975), he was 39 years old. In June, Song Jun and Wu Yuebing surrounded Jinling. Zhao Kuangyin ordered him to surrender. 1 1 month 27, the city was broken. Li Yu led his children and four officials to surrender. He went north to the capital of song dynasty and died in the southern Tang dynasty.

In the first year of Taiping Xingguo in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 976), he was 40 years old. In the first month, he was named General Wei for disobeying orders. In November, the Duke of Longxi was appointed.

In the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 978), I was 42 years old. On July 7th, he was poisoned by Zhao Guangyi. In October, he and Wang Li were buried in Beimang Mountain. Zhou Xiao also died in this year and was buried with Li Yu.

biography

The first name is Jia Cong, the word Shi Guang, the number Zhong Yin, and the famous lotus peak layman. The sixth son of the Southern Tang Lord. Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) was born. Song Stegosaurus ascended the throne in Jinling in the second year (96 1) and reigned for fifteen years. He is called Li Houzhu. When he ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty had served Song Zhengshuo and settled in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River. In the seventh year of Song Kaibao (974), Song Taizu sent letters to the north many times, but he refused to leave. In October of the same year, Song Bing went south to attack Jinling. Next November, when the city is broken, the queen's flesh will come out naked, and she will be caught in Bianjing and sealed there, and she is not allowed to disobey her orders. Emperor Taizong ascended the throne and became the Duke of Longxi County. Taiping rejuvenating the country for three years (978), and Qixi was his 42nd birthday. Song Taizong hated him for saying that "the old country can't bear to look back on the bright moon" and ordered people to poison him up and down at the banquet. Queen Wu was sealed and buried in Mangshan, Luoyang.

Li Yu's ci poetry can be divided into two periods, one before and the other after the eighth year of Song Taizu Kaibao (975). His early ci poems have shown his extraordinary talents and superb skills, but the themes are narrow, mainly reflecting the palace life and the love between men and women, such as Jade House Spring, Late Makeup and Early Snow, Xi, Xiao Yuelu, Su, Mutual Assistance, Morning Makeup and Bodhisattva Man. There are also works about parting lovesickness, such as Qing Ping Le and Don't Come to Spring Half. Among them, lyrical scenery is integrated, healthier and more readable. In the later period, Li Yu became a prisoner from an emperor. The humiliating life, the deep pain of national subjugation, and the reminiscence of the past, "Lacrimosa" (Wang□ "Silent Record") made his achievements in Ci greatly exceed the previous period. "Forty Years of Home Country" reflects the turning point of his life experience and ci style. Yu Meiren's When is the Autumn Moon in Spring, The Waves on the Sand, The Rain outside the Curtain, Crying at Night, Flowers in the Woods Withering in Spring, and Lonely West Building are his later masterpieces, which mainly describe the scene of dreaming at the hedge and express his infinite nostalgia for his "old country" and "the past".

Li Yu's Ci has inherited the tradition of Hua Jian Ci poets such as Wen and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and was influenced by Li Jing and others, which promoted the creation of Ci. The main results are as follows:

(1) expands the expression field of words. Li Yu's previous writings were mainly erotic and shallow in content. Even if it contains a little hug, it mostly adopts figurative techniques, which are hidden but not revealed. However, most of Li Yu's works are straightforward, pouring out his life and feelings of the country and expressing his true feelings. Therefore, Wang Guowei said, "When Ci came to Li Houzhu, it began to have a broad vision and deep feelings, so it became a musician's word and a scholar-bureaucrat's word." ("Words on Earth")

② It has high universality. Li Yu's ci often reflects a certain realm of universal significance in real life through concrete and sensible personality images. Famous sentences such as "The east wind blew in the small building last night, so my country can't bear to look back at the bright moon in the middle of the month" ([Yu Meiren]), "The flowing water has gone to spring, and it is on earth" ([Langtaosha]), "People hate water when they grow up" ([Wu Yeti]), and "They are born farther away from hatred like spring grass" ([Qingpingle]) are all profound.

③ Language is natural, refined and expressive. His writing is not gorgeous, but touching; Not vague, but meaningful; Form a fresh and beautiful artistic feature.

(4) originality in style. Hua and Southern Tang poets are generally good at euphemism, while Li Yu is good at euphemism. For example, Hao Dang by [Yulouchun], Blood Night Cry by [Langtaosha], Magnificent and Resentful Men and Women (see Tan Xian's Tang Fu Flower Thorn) and Yu Meiren are chic, and If a colt is born out of control (preface to Zhou Ji), as Nalan Xingde said, "Flower words are like ancient jade, which are valuable and valuable. (Miscellaneous Notes of Green Water Pavilion)

Li Yu is rich in poems, essays, words, books and paintings. His veteran said that he had 30 volumes of anthology and 100 essays. Li Yuji 10 is included in Reading in the County Zhai, and Nan Tang 10 is included in History, Art and Literature of Song Dynasty, both of which have been lost. There are two main characters, 1 Volume South Tang, in Zhi Zhai Shu Lu to solve the problem. At present, there are 34 Li Yu's poems in Mohuazhai (1620) in the forty-eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, among which Looking at Jiangnan can be divided into two. Shao Changguang recorded another 65,438+0 poems in the post-Qing period, and Wang Guowei supplemented nine poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty in modern times, but there seem to be many problems. According to the opinions of most modern scholars, only 32 poems can be identified as Li Yu's. In Qing Dynasty, Liu Ji wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, Tang Guizhang wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, and Wang Zhongwen wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty. Zhan Antai's Li Jing Li Words has detailed annotations. For his deeds, see History of the New Five Dynasties, History of the Song Dynasty, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Ma Ling and Lu You, and Chronicle of Two Masters of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Xia.

The late Lord has a collection that has been lost. There are 46 words, of which only 38 words can be confirmed by previous works or others.

Saying Li Yu

feel

A bleak, only thoughts wandering.

I like his poems and love them deeply; I like his profundity and love his melancholy.

His poems are full of sadness and unforgettable pain;

"When is the moon in spring? I don't know much about the past ... "He was in jail, and even in the face of the best" spring flowers ",he could only" have a taste in his heart ". After the war broke out in the old country, the country was destroyed, and he became a rootless plant and a prisoner of family death. Every time I think back to the old scene of "I visited the garden in the old days", "Flowers and flowers are in the spring breeze every month" and "Cars are like running water and horses are like dragons", I can't help but burst into tears. Even if it is "smelling stamens" and "drunk to exhaustion", it is hard to stop "Luo Yi can't stand the cold of five temperatures" and "Don't worry about tears".

His poems are so touching that we can't forget them. Touched by melody, language and artistic conception, it is always heartbreaking to read, but it is hard to say ... such as a thousand-year cold spring in a deep stream, like Xiao Sheng crying under the autumn moon, it is chilling to drink and moving to smell.

Always thinking, why did he abandon what was once precious? Why is his childlike heart lightly thrown away by others? Why can't others catch up with him? Such stubborn doubts always linger in my heart ... how sad and pitying I am to see him homesick, regretful, his clothes getting wider and his youth fading day by day! In the face of the long bleak years, how much he misses those beautiful things that have passed away! Reading his poems, I felt his sadness, but I couldn't give him any help. I could only exile my heart silently. ...

Finally, he passed away, like a colorless cloud swimming in the sky, floating without a trace, without attachments ... "People hate water when they grow up!" " His return is a relief!

discuss

Li Yu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty. In the genealogy of ancient emperors in China, he is as famous as Chen Houzhu and Song Huizong.

He grew up in the deep palace, and his noble birth and lofty status made him not have to worry about all kinds of livelihood like the lower class, nor did he have to worry about fame and fortune. He is not familiar with the world and is not good at managing the country. As a gentleman, he lacks the vigilance that a politician should have and the effective coping strategies to deal with state affairs. In the face of the shaky regime in Nantang, he was at a loss and had to wait for death.

In 976, Li Yu was captured. Because he refused to surrender, he was named "pseudo-life Hou". In just a few years, he went from prince to prince, to emperor, and finally to humiliating aristocrat. After two years in prison, he was unwilling but unable to struggle. In the process of melancholy, time flies, silently taking him to the end of his life.

On July 7, 978, Li Yu was poisoned by medicine at the age of 42.

Sigh/sing/cheer

Who is Li Yu? Many people may not know who he is at once. But with the prefix "Southern Tang Empress", people will immediately think of this sad king, saying that he respected the Song Dynasty in order to survive and was greedy for pleasure. ...

I am always puzzled when I read the evaluation of Li Yu in magazines or newspapers. What is the relationship between "national ruin and family ruin" and "fatuity", "physical death" and "incompetence"?

So I lamented that the power of literature is enormous. If a scholar smears a piece of black on your face, you will never erase it. "Don't judge heroes by success or failure", anyone can say so, but people always accuse many living people of "unwarranted" charges, and once they are detained, they will never be solved.

Therefore, Li Yu is still the poor king in people's eyes!

If people can apply the strictness of asking others to themselves and the tolerance of asking themselves to others, maybe ...

commemorate

I didn't intend to "sublimate" Li Yu to the extreme when I wrote this article. Otherwise, I am nothing more than my own mouth. Now I just want to refute some people's views on Li Yu. Because of his political failure, they obliterated his musical achievements and literary talent. I feel very unfair about this. In my opinion, it was the unreasonable imperial position that killed this outstanding talent, but his talent became the victim of feudal inheritance, which is a great regret in the splendid cultural history of China. I hope that when people talk about Li Yu in the future, they should not immediately say "incompetent and faint", but gently sing "When will the spring flowers and autumn leaves run out?" How much do people know about the past ... "This is enough for the poor poet.